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Lecture5 Mech SU

The document discusses different types of measurement error and uncertainty analysis. It covers design-stage uncertainty analysis, sources of error, error propagation, and multiple-measurement uncertainty analysis. The goal is to estimate measurement error and establish an interval that the true value is likely to fall within.

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Nazeeh Abdulrhman Albokary
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64 views15 pages

Lecture5 Mech SU

The document discusses different types of measurement error and uncertainty analysis. It covers design-stage uncertainty analysis, sources of error, error propagation, and multiple-measurement uncertainty analysis. The goal is to estimate measurement error and establish an interval that the true value is likely to fall within.

Uploaded by

Nazeeh Abdulrhman Albokary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 5: Uncertainty analysis

Goals of the lecture To estimate the probable error in a measurement Establishing an interval about the measured value within which we suspect the true value must fall.

Measurement Error
Single measurement = bias + precision error Total error = average bias error + statistical estimate of precision error Precision error is described by normal distribution of measured values about the sample mean Bias error shifts the sample mean away from the true mean

Measurement Error (cont.)


Thus, errors are divided into two categories, bias and precision errors. The true value of a quantity is related to the mean of several measurements by:

Uncertainty analysis is the method used to quantify the Ux term.

Design-Stage Uncertainty Analysis


An intial analysis performed before the measurement, it is Useful for selection of instruments, techniques and obtaining estimates Selection of equipment and procedures base on performance and cost To minimize uncertainty which contain in sensors and instruments

Design-Stage Uncertainty Analysis (cont.)


Zero-order uncertainty, u0
variation expected due to the instrument resolution

Instrument error, uc
Bias error caused by the instrument (each part caused by something contributing factor)

95% probability describe that 1 in 20 measurement would exceed the interval defined by u0

Design-Stage Uncertainty Analysis (cont.)


Combining Elemental Errors: RSS Method

Error Sources
Calibration
Bias and precision errors in the standard used in calibration, and the manner in which the standard is applied to the measuring system

Error Sources (cont.)


Data Acquisition

Error Sources (cont.)


Data Reduction

Error Propagation
Most measurements are subject to more than one type of error. We need to estimate the cumulative effect of these errors. It is unlikely that all of the errors will be in one direction - more likely there will be some cancellation. The root-sum-squares (RSS) approximation previously mentioned is a good estimate:

Since the overall result may be more sensitive to some errors than to others, we need to consider the functional relationships between the output and the various inputs.

Error Propagation (cont.)

The uncertainty in the dependent variable will be related to the uncertainty in the independent variable by the slope of the curve.

Error Propagation (cont.)


If we have more than one independent variable

The true mean R' can be obtained from the sample mean with a precision uR

In order to account for the different sensitivities of the measurement to different inputs, we define a sensitivity index:

Advanced-Stage and Single Measurement Uncertainty Analysis


In this analysis procedural and test control errors that effect the measurement are considered The first-order level considers the effect Of time, while the second-level considers Assessing the limits of the ability to Duplicate the exact operating conditions And the consequences on the test outcome The Nth-order considers instrument Calibration characterstics

Multiple-Measurement Uncertainty Analysis


The procedures for multiple-measurement uncertainty analysis consist of the following steps: Identify the elemental errors in the measurement (calibration, data acquisition, and data reduction). Estimate the magnitude of systematic and random error in each of the elemental errors. Calculate the uncertainty estimate for the result.

Multiple-Measurement Uncertainty Analysis (Cont.)

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