DCCT

Digital Signal Processing and Generation for a DC Current Transformer for Particle Accelerators
Silvia Zorzetti
Contents
Introduction
Fermilab Direct-current current transformer principles
Direct Current Current Transformer (DCCT) Simulink Model Specifications and Parameters Hardware Digital implementation Open loop test Closed loop test
Introduction
This activity was supported and accomplished at Fermilab, in the Instrumentation Department of the Accelerator Division
Circular Accelerators at Fermilab
Main Injector (MI)

Rapid cycling synchrotron 150 GeV as Injector for the Tevatron High intensity protons for fixed target and neutrino physics
Recycler

Permanent Magnetics 8 GeV Antiproton cooling before the injection into the Tevatron Proton storage
Tevatron
Superconducting synchrotron 980 GeV
Different types of DCCTs at FNAL
An analog, homebrew version was developed at FNAL in the 80s.

Installed in all the machines, except for the Recycler Bandwidth: 2 MHz
A commercial DCCT, designed by K. Unser (Bergoz)

Entire system, i.e. pickup, electronics, cables, etc. Only DC signal detection (narrow band). In 2004 the system failed due to an asymmetry of permeability between the toroids. Temporary replaced with another commercial DCCT from Bergoz, will finally be replaced by the digital DCCT that is now under development.
DCCT Introduction
The DCCT is a diagnostics instrument, used to observe the beam current.
Detection of DC and low frequency components of the beam current Non-Distructive instrument For the detection of high frequency components the classical AC transformer is used.
Principle of Operation - AC Transformer
The classical AC transformer can be used to identify the high frequency components of the beam current
Principle of Operation of the DCCT Single Toroid
The modulator winding drives the toroid into saturation. The total magnetic flux is shifted proportionally to the DC current The measured DC current is proportional to the amplitude of the 2nd harmonic detected by the detector winding
Principle of Operation of the DCCT Double Toroids
Principle of Operation of the DCCT Double Toroids
Complete System

Beam DCCT Modulator
400Hz digitally supplied
Second Harmonic detector
AM demodulator on FPGA
AC Transformer Sum and Feedback Output
Second Harmonic Detector
Input: The input signal can be viewed as a low frequency signal modulated (in amplitude) with 800Hz
CIC1: Perform the first decimation of the signal sampling frequency
From 62.5MHz to 500kHz
NCO: Supplies in-phase and quadrature-phase signals of same amplitude and frequency (800Hz), for downconversion to baseband
CIC2: Performs a second decimation of the sampling frequency, allows a more efficient FIR filter
From 500kHz to 2kHz
FIR: Defines the overall system bandwidth at baseband
DC to 100Hz
Some mathematics to format the signal, and adjust gain and phase
There is no phase detector required, because the signal is sufficiently slow, thus a signum detector is implemented.
DCCT Model

Analytic study of the DCCT functionality Simulink Model of the complete system (AC+DC)
Toroids behaviour simulation Filter Design Feedback
Simulink Model
Simulink Model Flux at Ib=0 (a.u.)
Simulink Model Output Voltage at Ib=0
Simulink Model Flux at Ib=1 (a.u.)
Simulink Model Voltage Output at Ib=1
Simulink Model AC + DC Closed Loop
Required Specifications and Parameters

Number of turns per winding Current and Voltage to saturate the toroids DCCT Bandwidth AC Bandwidth
Parameter Space
Toroids Saturation
Isat<3A , Vsat=36V, Nm=22 BDC=100Hz BAC=1MHz Ns_DC=100 Ns_AC=200
AC and DC Sensor windings

Test Setup for Toroid Measurements
Output Voltage from the pick-up windings of the toroids
There is a mismatch between the voltage outputs from the two toroids.
Poor matching of the core material
Complete System
VHDL Implementation CIC
M: Differential Delay : Decimation factor N: Filter Order N A: Gain A ( M ) f Notch at: f k k s
k 0
CIC Filter VHDL Model
The firmware is synchronized with a single clock Integration Section Comb Section Gain Number of bits: Bout Bin N log 2 ( M ) log 2 ( )
Filters Test Setup
VHDL Implementation and Test CIC1
fs=62.5MHz, fd=500kHz,
M=1 =125 N=2
f1=500kHz A= 15625
VHDL Implementation and Test CIC2
fs=500kHz, fd=2kHz,
M=2 =250 N=2
f1=1kHz A= 250000
VHDL Implementation and Test FIR
bi: filter coefficients N: filter order (127)
FIR Filter- VHDL Model
The firmware is synchronized with a single clock Counter ROM Serial Function Number of bits
VHDL Implementation and Test- FIR
fs=2kHz, fc=100Hz,
N=127
VHDL Impelementation and Test AM Demodulator
With a waveform generator a low frequency signal, modulated at 800Hz is generated and digitized by the ADC The resulting output signal is observed on an oscilloscope, connected to the DAC.
VHDL Implementation and TestDemodulator
Input: m(t)cos(2 f 0 t) Output: m(t)
Open Loop Test Measurement Setup
DC Dectector - Output signal Before the Transition Board - Ib=0.4A
The signal is supplied by the DCCT DC Sense Before the transition board There are both odd and even harmonics
DC Detector - Output Signal After the Transition Board - Ib=0.4A
The signal is supplied by the DCCT DC Sense Passed by the Transition Board Has only the 2nd harmonic (800 Hz), the 1st harmonic is suppressed.
Open Loop Result
Closed Loop Test Measurement Setup
Closed Loop Results
Conclusions
At this stage a preliminary implementation and test of the DCCT has been successfully realized.
P control =0.05s Resolution 0.01A
Next steps

Implementation of the AC section Faster loop control
Thank you for your attention

Silvia Zorzetti
Backup Slides
Silvia Zorzetti

DCCT

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DCCT

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DCCT

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Digital Signal Processing and Generation for a DC Current Transformer for Particle Accelerators

Fermilab Direct-current current transformer principles

Circular Accelerators at Fermilab

Main Injector (MI)

Superconducting synchrotron 980 GeV

Different types of DCCTs at FNAL

An analog, homebrew version was developed at FNAL in the 80s.

A commercial DCCT, designed by K. Unser (Bergoz)

The DCCT is a diagnostics instrument, used to observe the beam current.

Principle of Operation - AC Transformer

Principle of Operation of the DCCT Single Toroid

Principle of Operation of the DCCT Double Toroids

Principle of Operation of the DCCT Double Toroids

Beam DCCT Modulator

400Hz digitally supplied

Second Harmonic detector

AC Transformer Sum and Feedback Output

Second Harmonic Detector

Second Harmonic Detector

CIC1: Perform the first decimation of the signal sampling frequency

From 62.5MHz to 500kHz

Second Harmonic Detector

Second Harmonic Detector

From 500kHz to 2kHz

Second Harmonic Detector

FIR: Defines the overall system bandwidth at baseband

Second Harmonic Detector

Toroids behaviour simulation Filter Design Feedback

Simulink Model Flux at Ib=0 (a.u.)

Simulink Model Output Voltage at Ib=0

Simulink Model Flux at Ib=1 (a.u.)

Simulink Model Voltage Output at Ib=1

Simulink Model AC + DC Closed Loop

Required Specifications and Parameters

Isat<3A , Vsat=36V, Nm=22 BDC=100Hz BAC=1MHz Ns_DC=100 Ns_AC=200

AC and DC Sensor windings

Test Setup for Toroid Measurements

Output Voltage from the pick-up windings of the toroids

Poor matching of the core material

VHDL Implementation CIC

M: Differential Delay : Decimation factor N: Filter Order N A: Gain A ( M ) f Notch at: f k k s

CIC Filter VHDL Model

Filters Test Setup

VHDL Implementation and Test CIC1

M=1 =125 N=2

VHDL Implementation and Test CIC2

M=2 =250 N=2

VHDL Implementation and Test FIR

bi: filter coefficients N: filter order (127)

FIR Filter- VHDL Model

VHDL Implementation and Test- FIR

VHDL Impelementation and Test AM Demodulator

VHDL Implementation and TestDemodulator

Input: m(t)cos(2 f 0 t) Output: m(t)

Open Loop Test Measurement Setup

DC Dectector - Output signal Before the Transition Board - Ib=0.4A

DC Detector - Output Signal After the Transition Board - Ib=0.4A

Open Loop Result