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    Center of Mass Powerpoint

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    Jackson Rhee
    The document discusses the center of mass (CM) and center of gravity (CG) of objects and systems of particles. It defines the CM as the point where all the mass of an object can be considered to be concentrated and explains how to experimentally determine the CM using suspension points. The CM can be located within, outside, or at the surface of an object. For a uniform gravitational field, the CM and CG coincide. Formulas are provided to calculate the one-dimensional and three-dimensional CM of a system of particles using the mass and position of each particle. Methods for finding the CM of continuous objects by integrating over mass elements are also described.

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    Center of Mass Powerpoint

    Uploaded by

    Jackson Rhee
    2K views24 pages
    The document discusses the center of mass (CM) and center of gravity (CG) of objects and systems of particles. It defines the CM as the point where all the mass of an object can be considered to be concentrated and explains how to experimentally determine the CM using suspension points. The CM can be located within, outside, or at the surface of an object. For a uniform gravitational field, the CM and CG coincide. Formulas are provided to calculate the one-dimensional and three-dimensional CM of a system of particles using the mass and position of each particle. Methods for finding the CM of continuous objects by integrating over mass elements are also described.

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    The document discusses the center of mass (CM) and center of gravity (CG) of objects and systems of particles. It defines the CM as the point where all the mass of an object can be considered to be concentrated and explains how to experimentally determine the CM using suspension points. The CM can be located within, outside, or at the surface of an object. For a uniform gravitational field, the CM and CG coincide. Formulas are provided to calculate the one-dimensional and three-dimensional CM of a system of particles using the mass and position of each particle. Methods for finding the CM of continuous objects by integrating over mass elements are also described.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views24 pages

    Center of Mass Powerpoint

    Uploaded by

    Jackson Rhee
    The document discusses the center of mass (CM) and center of gravity (CG) of objects and systems of particles. It defines the CM as the point where all the mass of an object can be considered to be concentrated and explains how to experimentally determine the CM using suspension points. The CM can be located within, outside, or at the surface of an object. For a uniform gravitational field, the CM and CG coincide. Formulas are provided to calculate the one-dimensional and three-dimensional CM of a system of particles using the mass and position of each particle. Methods for finding the CM of continuous objects by integrating over mass elements are also described.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are definitions and methods for determining the center of mass and center of gravity of objects and systems of particles.

    You can experimentally determine the center of mass of an object by suspending it from two different points and finding where the two vertical lines intersect.

    The center of mass of an object can be located within the object, outside the object, or along the boundaries of the object.

    Center of Mass

    AP Physics C Mrs. Coyle

    Center of Mass
    The point of an object at which all the mass of the object is thought to be concentrated. Average location of mass.

    Experimental Determination of CM
    Suspend the object from two different points of the object. Where two vertical lines from these two points intersect is the CM.

    Location of Center of Mass


    The CM could be located: within the object (human standing straight) outside the object (high jumper as she goes over the bar)

    Center of Mass is outside the object.

    Center of Gravity
    The point of the object where the force of gravity is thought to be acting. Average location of weight.

    If g is the same throughout the object then the CM coincides with the CG.

    Center of Mass of:


    System of Particles Extended Object

    Center of Mass of a System of Particles in one Dimension XCM= S m ix i M

    mi is the mass of each particle xi is the position of each particle with respect to the origin M is the sum of the masses of all particles

    Example 1: Center of Mass in one Dimension


    Find the CM of a system of four particles that have a mass of 2 kg each. Two are located 3cm and 5 cm from the origin on the + x-axis and two are 2 and 4 cm from the origin on the x-axis

    Answer:

    0.5cm

    Coordinates of Center of Mass of a System of Particles in Three Dimensions


    xCM

    m x
    i

    i i

    yCM

    m y
    i

    i i

    zCM

    m z
    i

    i i

    Coordinate of CM using the Position Vector, r

    rCM

    m r
    i

    i i

    ri xi i yi j zi k

    Example 2: Center of Mass in two Dimensions


    Find the CM of the following system: m1=1kg

    2m
    m2=2kg

    2m

    m3=3kg

    Ans: x=1m, y=0.33m

    Center of Mass of an Extended Object


    An extended object can be considered a distribution of small mass elements, Dm.

    Center of Mass of an Extended Object using Position Vector


    Position of the center of mass:

    rCM

    1 M

    r dm

    Center of Mass of an Extended Object

    1 1 xCM x dm yCM y dm M M 1 zCM z dm M

    CM of Uniform Objects
    Uniform density, =m/V=dm/dV

    Uniform mass per unit length, = m/x = dm/dx

    Center of Mass of a Rod


    Find the center of mass of a rod of mass M and length L.

    Ans: xCM = L / 2, (or yCM = zCM = 0)

    CM of Symmetrical Object
    The CM of any symmetrical object lies on an axis of symmetry and on any plane of symmetry.

    Toppling Rule of Thumb


    If the CG of the object is above the area of support, the object will remain upright. If the CG is outside the area of support the object will topple.

    Another look at Stability


    Stable equilibrium: when for a balanced object a displacement raises the CG (to higher U so it tends to go back to the lower U). Unstable equilibrium: when for a balanced object a displacement lowers the CG (lower U). Neutral equilibrium: when the height of the CG does not change with displacement.

    Stability

    Example #41
    A uniform piece of sheet steel is shaped as shown. Compute the x and y coordinates of the center of mass.
    30 cm

    20 cm

    10 cm
    Ans: x=11.7cm, y=13.3cm

    0 cm

    10 cm

    20 cm

    30 cm

    Example #44 Fosbury Flop


    Find the CM

    Ans: 0.0635L below the top of the arch

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