Chapter 1. Introduction to Java.
ITSS Java Programming CAO Tuan-Dung, HUT
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
Describe the features of Java technology Describe the different phases of a Java program
History
Java
was created in 1991 by James Gosling et al. of Sun Microsystems. Initially called Oak, in honor of the tree outside Gosling's window, its name was changed to Java because there was already a language called Oak.
Original motivation
The need for platform independent language that could be embedded in various consumer electronic products like toasters and refrigerators. One of the first projects developed using Java
a personal hand-held remote control named Star 7.
Gosling realized that Java could be used for Internet programming.
Java Technology
A programming language A development environment An execution environment
Programming language Java language
Execution Environment JRE
Development Environment Java 2 Software Development Kit
Programming Language
Java as the language is called the Java language, and is a language that is platform independent and object-oriented. As a programming language, Java can create all kinds of applications that you could create using any conventional programming language.
A Development Environment
As a development environment, Java technology provides you with a large suite of tools (Java 2 SDK):
A compiler (javac) and debugger An interpreter (java) A documentation generator (javadoc) A class file packaging tool and so on...
A Execution Environment
Java technology applications are typically general-purpose programs that run on any machine where the Java runtime environment (JRE) is installed. Two main deployment environments:
JRE supplied by Java 2 SDK On your web browser. Most commercial browsers supply a Java technology interpreter and runtime environment.
Java Features
Platform Independent Object Oriented Network Security Simplicity Severe error check
Object Oriented
Java is an object-oriented programming language
class, object, encapsulation, inheritance, interface,..
As the term implies, an object is a fundamental entity in a Java program
Objects can be used effectively to represent realworld entities Benefits:
Reuse Maintainability and flexibility
Network and Security
Network
Java support network programming Work with TCP/IP protocol Support Web application (Applet, Servlet)
There are functions that limits the access to the local resource, encryption of information, etc
Security
Simplicity
Easy to write and compile debug Automatic support for Memory management
Garbage collection: responsible for freeing any memory that can be freed. This happens automatically during the lifetime of the Java program. programmer is freed from the burden of having to deallocate that memory themselves
Inherit of C/C++ syntax
Java Execution Environment
*.java
Java source code
Java bytecode
*.class
Java compiler
JVM - Bytecode interpreter
Machine code
implement
JRE - Windows
JRE - Unix
JRE - Linux
Development Environment of Java
Compiler Interpreter Debugger
javac.exe java.exe jdb.exe
Document Generator javadoc.exe Archiver Class Library jar.exe
rt.jar
Classification of Java technology:
J2SEJava 2 Platform, Standard Edition
Aims at the development of a usual business application. (Have the part that overlaps with J2EE. )
Aims at the development of a decentralized application in a multistory layer in Internet/Intranet. Aims at the development of an embedded application such as the cellular phone, the portable terminal, and the microchip, etc.
J2EEJava 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition
J2MEJava 2 Platform, Micro Edition
Making procedure of Java Application
javac Hello.java Notepad,vi Emacs, Editplus Editor
java Hello
Source code
Java Compiler Hello.class
Execution
Hello.java
Exercise
Use your text editor to create this code and save it in the file named Lincoln.java
public class Lincoln { public static void main (String[] args) { System.out.println ("A quote by Abraham Lincoln:"); System.out.println ("Whatever you are, be a good one."); } }
Exercise
Compile this file by javac command Verify if a .class file is produced or not Run the class file using java.exe
Brief Introduction about Eclipse
Eclipse is an open source community whose projects are focused on building an extensible development platform, runtimes and application frameworks for building, deploying and managing software across the entire software lifecycle IDE for java application. Java IDE Features:
Extension of Functions thru plug-in Enhanced development assistance functions
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Code assistance (Input assistance function) Automatic build function Refactoring Debugger etc.
Eclipse Basics
The Workbench
Workbench refers to the desktop development environment Each Workbench window contains one or more Perspectives More than one Workbench window can exist on the desktop at any given time Contain views and editors Menus and tool bars
Perspectives
Screen composition of Eclipse
Lab: Create Compile Run a Java Program with Eclipse
Starting screen
Creating a simple application
Select File -> New -> Java Project ->. Fill in the Project Name as gettingstarted (all lower case). Under Contents, Create new project in workspace should be selected. Make sure that under Project Layout you have chosen Create separate source and output folders. Click Finish This has created a gettingstarted subdirectory in your workspace. This directory will containing everything you need for this project. Create a HelloWorld class by selecting File -> New -> Class. This will bring up a New Java Class window. The source folder should have been filled in with gettingstarted/src. Fill in simpleproject as the Package. Use HelloWorld as the Name. Pay attention to upper and lower case when you type, as Java is casesensitive. The Modifiers should be public and check the box: public static void main ... . click Finish.
Creating a simple application
Edit the code
Delete the comment lines and insert a line so that the main method looks like this:
public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello world, my name is YOURNAME"); }
Compile and Run
Right click on HelloWorld and choose Run As -> Java Application A Save and Launch window may pop up. If it does, select Always save resources before launching (so this does not pop up again) and click OK. You should see the output in the Console window at the bottom of the screen.
Standard output program
System.out.println(output data) method
Example System.out.print(Class: );
System.out.println(2C); System.out.print(Name: ); System.out.println(Xuan Bach); System.out.println(Age: +20);
Class: 2C Name: Xuan Bach Age : 20
System.out.print(output data) method Use + to unite data
Hand on Lab
Using Eclipse to create a project FirstDay Write a program myNeighbour to display the information about the person sitting next to you.
Solution
class myNeighbour { public static void main(String args[]){ System.out.println(My neighbour"); System.out.println(Name : Bui Quang); System.out.println(Age : + 21); System.out.println(class : 2D); System.out.println(Promotion :+ 52) ; } }