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PC Hardware Servicing: Chapter 24: Modems

This chapter discusses modems, including their standards, components, setup, and troubleshooting. It covers topics such as: - Modem communication settings like baud rate, parity bits, and flow control - Hardware vs. software modems and internal vs. external modems - Installing and setting up modems in Windows - Creating dial-up networking connections in different Windows versions - Testing modems using built-in Windows utilities - Using terminal programs and AT commands to configure and test modems

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Amir M. Villas
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60 views43 pages

PC Hardware Servicing: Chapter 24: Modems

This chapter discusses modems, including their standards, components, setup, and troubleshooting. It covers topics such as: - Modem communication settings like baud rate, parity bits, and flow control - Hardware vs. software modems and internal vs. external modems - Installing and setting up modems in Windows - Creating dial-up networking connections in different Windows versions - Testing modems using built-in Windows utilities - Using terminal programs and AT commands to configure and test modems

Uploaded by

Amir M. Villas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PC Hardware Servicing

Chapter 24: Modems

Chapter 24 Objectives
Understand and change modem communication settings Explain modem standards Differentiate between types of modems Set up DUN connections Test and troubleshoot modems Use a terminal application Use AT commands

Baud Rate and BPS


Baud rate: number of cycles per second Bits per second (bps) is a multiple of baud rate

UARTs
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Converts between serial and parallel data External modem does not need an UART chip because it uses the one in the port to which it is attached

Modem Communication Settings


Data bits Start bits Stop bits Parity bits Flow control Error detection and compression

Data Bits, Start Bits, Stop Bits


Each packet contains either 7 or 8 data bits Leading bit is start bit, always 0 Ending bit is stop bit, always 0, optional

Parity Bits
Can be even parity or odd parity Count the number of 1s in the data With even parity:
If the number is already even, parity bit is set to 0 If odd, parity bit is set to 1, making the total bit count even

With odd parity, the opposite With no parity, not done at all

Parity Bits
Example of even parity:

Flow Control
Flow between the modem and the COM port Mostly an issue with external modems Hardware type: Ready to Send (RTS) Clear to Send (CTS) Software-type: XON/XOFF

Changing Communications Settings in Windows 9x


From Modems in Control Panel, view modems Properties

Changing Communications Settings in Windows 9x


To set flow control, click Advanced button to see Advanced Connection Settings

Changing Communications Settings in Windows 2000/XP


From Phone and Modem Options in Control Panel, view modems Properties

Modem Standards
V.34: An early modem standard
28.8Kbps Eventually upped to 33.6Kbps

56KFlex and X2
Two competing standards for 56Kbps Eventually merged into the V.90 standard

Modem Standards
V.92
Current standard for 56Kbps modems Like V.90 but with improvements
QuickConnect PCM Upstream Modem-on-Hold

Modem Standards
V.42bis and V.44
Standards for compressing data They work alongside V.90 or V.92 V.44 is the newer standard, with higher compression ratios (20 to 60% higher than V.42bis)

Hardware vs. Software Controlled Modems


Hardware modems
Have their own controller and BIOS chip Do not require a specific OS Can be internal or external Superior performance More expensive Not very common anymore (unfortunately)

Hardware vs. Software Controlled Modems


Software modems
Require Windows-based controller software Work only with Windows Are always internal Are less expensive Might not work with some applications that expect a hardware modem

Internal vs. External Modems


Internal
PCI, ISA, PC Card Less expensive Require resources directly (IRQ, etc.)

External
Legacy COM or USB More expensive Require power connection Do not require resources directly (IRQ, etc.)

Fax and Voice Modems


Nearly all modems are fax-capable
Group 1 and Group 2: 300 bps, now obsolete Group 3 : Several standards
ITU V.27 (4,800 bps) ITU V.29 (9,600 bps) ITU V.17 (14,400 bps, current standard)

Voice capability (voice modem)


Works with answering machine software

Installing an Internal Modem


Set jumpers on modem to define IRQ (needed only on very old equipment)

Installing an Internal Modem


Insert into any free slot of the appropriate type Connect phone line and, optionally, telephone

Installing an External Modem


Connect to COM or USB port Connect to AC power Attach phone line and, optionally, telephone

Troubleshooting Modem Problems


Check physical connectivity Use Device Manager to check for problems Check resource allocations Make sure usable driver is installed Test with Windows testing utility

Testing a Modem in Windows 9x


1. Open Modems from Control Panel 2. Click Diagnostics tab 3. Select the modem 4. Click More Info

Testing a Modem in Windows 2000/XP


1. Open Phone and Modem Options from Control Panel 2. Click the modem 3. Click Properties 4. Select Diagnostics tab 5. Click Query Modem

TAPI Properties
Telephony Application Programmers Interface (TAPI)
Set of codes that allow programmers to use the modem and phone in applications Standard set of TAPI properties in Windows User-configurable Multiple dialing locations possible

TAPI Properties
Windows 9x: Telephony icon in Control Panel Click New to create a new dialing location

TAPI Properties
Windows 2000/XP: Phone and Modem Options in Control Panel Dialing Rules tab Double-click a location to edit its properties

Dial-Up Networking
Direct connection from one computer to another, such as PC to ISP Requires a modem Point to Point Protocol (PPP) most common Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) less common, used for some UNIX servers

Creating a DUN Connection in Windows 9x/Me


1. Install Dial-Up Networking if needed (Windows component) 2. Open Dial-Up Networking folder:
Windows 95/98: choose Dial-Up Networking from My Computer window Windows Me: Start > Settings > Dial-Up Networking

Creating a DUN Connection in Windows 9x/Me


3. Double-click Make New Connection 4. Follow the prompts

Internet Connection Wizard


Another way of creating a DUN connection in Windows 98/Me Specifically for an ISP connection Start the Wizard:
Windows 98: Start > Programs > Accessories > Internet Tools > Internet Connection Wizard Windows Me: Start > Programs > Accessories > Communications > Internet Connection Wizard

Work through the prompts

Creating a DUN Connection in Windows 2000


Two choices of wizards:
Network Connection Wizard
Can be used either for private DUN or for Internet If you choose Internet, it closes itself and opens Internet Connection Wizard.

Internet Connection Wizard

Creating a DUN Connection in Windows XP


Internet Connection Wizard integrated into the New Connection Wizard Start new Connection Wizard and follow the prompts

Using a Terminal Program


Direct textbased connection between two PCs Hyperterminal comes with Windows

Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex


Duplex: ability to send and receive on the same wire
Half-duplex: Send and receive, but not simultaneously Full-duplex: Send and receive simultaneously

Set Up Duplex in Hyperterminal


Choose File > Properties On the Settings tab, click ASCII Setup

Binary File Transfer in a Terminal Program


Uses a different protocol from regular ASCII text Common protocols include
ZMODEM (best choice) YMODEM XMODEM

KERMIT

Using AT Commands
AT command set originally developed by Hayes, a modem manufacturer Each command line begins with AT for attention Requires terminal program to be in command mode before issuing

Entering AT Commands in Hyperterminal


At Connection Description box, click Cancel Type ATE1 and press Enter. (You will not see what you typed.)
E1 is the command to switch to full duplex mode

Now type whatever AT commands are needed

Example AT Commands
ATDT5552311
AT: Attention DT: Dial the following number using Tone dialing 5552311: Number to dial

ATZ
AT: Attention
Z: Reset

Other Uses for AT Commands


Enter commands in modems Properties box

Other Uses for AT Commands


Configure modem settings in AOL

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