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Chapter 4 (Final F) 18 March 07

The document discusses various types of bolted connections and their design requirements. It addresses: 1) Two types of bolted connections recognized by AISC specifications - bearing type and slip-critical type. 2) Requirements for slip-critical connections including proof load which equals 70% of bolt tensile strength. 3) Nominal tensile strength calculations for bolts with and without threads in the shear plane. Strength reductions are applied based on various failure modes. 4) Minimum bolt spacing, edge distances, and arrangement requirements per AISC specifications. An example problem is provided to calculate the number of bolts required for a given shear connection.

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Chhagan Patil
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
55 views40 pages

Chapter 4 (Final F) 18 March 07

The document discusses various types of bolted connections and their design requirements. It addresses: 1) Two types of bolted connections recognized by AISC specifications - bearing type and slip-critical type. 2) Requirements for slip-critical connections including proof load which equals 70% of bolt tensile strength. 3) Nominal tensile strength calculations for bolts with and without threads in the shear plane. Strength reductions are applied based on various failure modes. 4) Minimum bolt spacing, edge distances, and arrangement requirements per AISC specifications. An example problem is provided to calculate the number of bolts required for a given shear connection.

Uploaded by

Chhagan Patil
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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F-1

Welding (chap, 5)
Structural
Connections
Fasteners
Bolts
Non-Structural
(A-307)
Structural
A35
A!!"
A!"0
#i$ets (o%solete)

F-2
Bolt
&ead
Shan'
(hreaded
Section

F-3
(he A)SC speci*ications recogni+e t,o t-pes o* high-strength %olted connection.-
A) Bearing Type Connection:-
Where connected parts are allo,ed to
%ear directl- on the %olt shan'/ &ence %oth shear
strength and %earing strength need to %e
chec'ed/
B) Slip-Critical Type Connection (formerly
known as friction-type connection):-
Where connected parts are not allo,ed to
slip, and shear *orces are trans0itted %- *riction
*orces rather than direct shear/ (his connection
re1uires high pre-tensioning *orce o* %olts upto
their 2proo* load3 ,hich e1uals 704 o* tensile
strength/

F-4
When slip resistance is re1uired, the pre-
tensioning o* %olts should as high as their
25roo* 6oad3, ,hich is e1ui$alent to the
-ielding stress o* the %olts 0aterial as
o%taining %- the 0/4 2o**set 0ethod3 or the
0/54 2e7tension 0ethod3/ (he proo* load
stress is a 0ini0u0 o* 704 and 804 o* the
0ini0u0 tensile strength o* A-35 %olts, and
the A-!"0 %olts respecti$el-/
(he proo* load can %e achie$ed %- using the
turn-o*-nut 0ethod, ,hich is 9 turn o* nut *ro0
the 2snug-*it3 position/ :ther,ise a 2cali%rated
,rench3 0ust %e used to achie$e the proo*
load *or %olts/

F-5
(70 % F

)
(70 % F

)
(!0 % F

)

F-6
(he 0ost t-pical t-pes o* %olted connections are sho,n %elo,.-
)n shear connection, threads could %e.-
A) )n the shearing plane (N), or
B) :utside the shearing plane (;)/
5
5
2(hread outside3 (;)
6ap <oint
(single shear)
Butt <oint
(dou%le shear)
(a) Shear Connections
(%) =ccentric shear
Connection/
W section
Structural tee
(c) (ension Connections
(d) Combined shear and tension connections
5
5
2(hread inside3 (N)

F-7
(here are se$eral 2li0it-
states3 or *ailure 0odes that
0a- control the strength
o* a %olted connection/
As can %e seen *ro0 the
a%o$e *igure, three *ailure
0odes (%, d > g) are rele$ant
to the connected plates and
not rele$ant to the *asteners/

F-8
(he no0inal tensile strength o* a %olt (#
n
) can %e *ound as.
Where
F
u
b
? (ensile strength o* the %olt 0aterial/
A
n
? Bolt net area through threaded +one"/
(his net area 0/75 to 0/7" o* the %olt gross
area A
%
(area o* the shan')/
(hus.
2
9743 0
785 0
,
_

+
n
d
b
/
/
Where, d
%
? dia/ o* %olt (shan')
n ? nu0%er o* threads per inch/
Note. (ensile strength $alues F
u
%
are gi$en in 6#F@
ta%le <3/ page (AB/A)-A0!/
n
b
u n
A F R
( )
b
b
u n
A F R 75 0/
(hread cross section area
C

F-9
(he no0inal-shear strength *or one *astener (#
n
) ,ill %e
#
n
$ m A
%

Where,
? (A) *or single shear
0 ? nu0%er o* shear planes
? () *or dou%le shear
A
%
? Bolt gross area/

u
? Dlti0ate shear strength *or the %olt 0aterial,
*ound e7peri0entall- to %e around (0/B F
u
%
) o* the
ulti0ate tensile strength (F
u
%
)/
(hus.
#
n
$ m A
%
(0&'( F

%
)

F-10
(he %earing *ailure near the edge o* the plate is related to the
shear *ailure (tear-out) as sho,n in *igure !/B/! % > d (page F-7)/
Assu0ing angle () 0 as sho,n in *igure !/B/5 %elo,.
( )
p
u
d
e n
L t R
2
2
Where

u
p
? Shear strength o* plate 0aterial ? 0/B F
u
F
u
? Dlti0ate tensile strength o* plate 0aterial/
6
e
? @istance *ro0 center o* last %olt to the edge
o* plate along direction o* *orce/
d ? No0inal Bolt dia0eter/
1
]
1


2
1
24 1
d
L
dt F R
e
u n
/

F-11
(hus.
Since 6#F@ reco00ends spacing o* %olts in
the direction o* *orce to %e (/B7 d) E Fsee
6#F@ < E 3/3G/ Consider (6
e
/B7 d) a%o$e.
(he lo,er resistance $alue guarantees that no tear-out
due to %earing shall occur %elo, this (#
n
) $alue, and no
@e*or0ation at the hole shall occur at ser$ice load le$el/
(A)SC <3-A0 5ageAB/A-AAA)
" #
n
$ (&) F

*t
or
" #
n
$ +&0 F

*t
(When de*or0ation o* the hole at ser$ice
load is a design consideration)/ (=1 <3-Ba)
(When de*or0ation o* the hole at ser$ice
load is not a design consideration)/ (=1 <3-B%)

F-12
(1) Threads are included in shear plane (N)
(2) Threads are excluded from shear plane (X)
)n general.

n
#
n
H
i
I
i

Where, #
n
? No0inal resistance (strength)

n
? Strength reduction *actor (resistance *actor)

i
I
i
? Factored load on structure (ASC= E 7)
*or a single %olt .
#
n
5
u
Where,

u
? 0/75 *or *racture in tension, shear or %earing/
#
n
? No0inal strength o* one *astener
5
u
? *actored load on one *astener
(he strength o* a *astener is %ased on.
A- (ension capacit-
- Shear capacit-
3- Bearing capacit-

F-13
( ) ) 75 . 0 ( 75 . 0 75 . 0
b
b
u b
b
u n
A F A F R
b
b
u n
A F R ) / ( / 75 0 75 0
#e*erence is 0ade to (6#F@) E < 3/B), and page (F-8).
or
Where
? 0/75 as stipulated in A)SC <3/B (page AB/A-A08)
b
u
F ? (ensile strength o* %olt 0aterial
(A0 'si *or A E 35 Bolts > A50 'si *or A E !"0 Bolts)/
A
%
? Jross area o* the %olt (Shan' section)/

F-14
A No threads in shear plane (X):- A No threads in shear plane (X):-
#
n
? 0/75 (#
n
) (A)SC <3-B)
#
n
? 0/B0 A
%
F
u
%
(page F-")
For long Connections (upto 50 inch long), a 04 reduction is needed
(strength o* long connection K H o* strength o* indi$idual %olts)/
(hus.-
#
n
? (#eduction due connection length)(0/B F
u
%
)0 A
%
? 0/8 7 0/B F
u
%
/ 0 A
%
? 0/5 F
u
%
0 A
%
#
n
? (0/75)(0/5) F
u
%
0 A
%
Where, F
u
%
? Dlti0ate strength o* %olt 0aterial.
A0 'si *or A E 35 L A50 'si *or A E !"0
0 ? A *or single shear , *or dou%le shear
A
%
? Area o* the shan' portion o* %olt
(See ,#F- . +&' / ta%le . +&()

F-15
B - Threads in Shear Plane (N):- B - Threads in Shear Plane (N):-
(he area o* the threaded section o* the %olt is a%out 754
o* the gross area at the shan' section,
(hus.
#
n
? F#eduction *or lengthG (0/B F
u
%
) 0 (0/75 A
%
)
? (0/8)(0/B F
u
%
) 0 (0/75 A
%
)
? 0/37 F
u
%
0 A
%
(0/!0 F
u
%
) 0 A
%
&ence.
#
n
? 0/75 (0/! F
u
%
) 0 A
%
(see Ta%le .-+&()

F-16
No0inal %earing strength (#
n
) ,as de$eloped earlier (page F-AA)/
&o,e$er 6#F@-<3/A0 *urther reduces (#
n
) in order to pre$ent %olt
elongations e7ceeding 0/5 in/
&ence se$eral categories are presented here %elo,.
1: Deforation !iit State (Standard "oles):- 1: Deforation !iit State (Standard "oles):-
Where 6
e
A/5 d and cMc spacing 3d, and there are t,o or 0ore %olts.
#
n
$ ((&) *t F

) NNNN//(=1u// <3-Ba)
? 0/75
d ? No0inal dia0eter o* %olt at shan' section/
t ? (hic'ness o* the least connected plate/
F
u
? Dlti0ate tensile strength o* the connected plate/

F-17
#: Deforation !iit State (!on$-Slotted "oles): #: Deforation !iit State (!on$-Slotted "oles):
Sa0e as pre$ious conditions/
#
n
$ ((&0 *t F

)0 (=1u/ < Bc)


Where ? 0/75 ///////// (A)SC - <3 E A0 5age AB-A-AAA)
%: Stren$th !iit State (hole elon$ation %: Stren$th !iit State (hole elon$ation &'#( in'): &'#( in'):
#
n
$ (+&0 *t F

) NN/ (=1u/ <3 E B%)


See page (F-AA) o* these notes/

F-18
A) )iniu Spa*in$ Bolts alon$ line of For*e: A) )iniu Spa*in$ Bolts alon$ line of For*e:
(&'7 * s +* (A)SC <3/3)
,here,
s ? spacing o* %olt along *orce line/
d ? dia0eter o* %olts-shan' section
B) )iniu +d$e Distan*e alon$ !ine of for*e: B) )iniu +d$e Distan*e alon$ !ine of for*e:
Nor0all- 0in/ edge distance (rolled edge)
Nor0all- 0in/ edge distance (sheared edge)
Where d ? No0inal dia0eter o* the %olt/
(#e*erence ta%le <3-! page AB/A E A07)
d
4
1
1
d
4
3
1

F-19
,) )a-iu spa*in$ for Bolts: ,) )a-iu spa*in$ for Bolts:
*or 5ainted 0e0%ers.
s ()t %t 1( in&
*or unpainted 0e0%ers.
s 1)t %t 7 in&
t ? thic'ness o* the thinner connected plates/
D) )a-iu +d$e Distan*e: D) )a-iu +d$e Distan*e:
0a7/ edge distance ? A t %ut O B2 ///
(A)SC < 3/5 5age AB/A E A0B)
t ? thic'ness o* the thinner connected plates/
#e*erence. A)SC < 3/5/
(A)SC page AB/A E A08)

F-20
Example F-1 Example F-1
@eter0ine the re1uired nu0%er o* P in/ dia/
A!"0 %olts *or the connection %elo,/
Assu0ing @6 ? A! 'ips, 66 ? AB 'ips.
Solution:- Solution:-
a) Calculate the *actored load.
(
u
? A/ @6 Q A/B 66
? A/ A! Q A/B AB ? A8 'ips/
%) @esign strength #
n
per %olt.
#
n
? 0/75 F
u
%
(0/75 A
%
)
? 0/75 AA3 0/!!A8 (A)SC (a%le < 3/)
? 37/3 'ips/
c) Nu0%er o* %olts re1uired.
(sa- B %olts)
use B E P in A !"0 %olts/
5/8
37/3
A8
#
(
n
n
u


F-21
Example F-2 Example F-2
Co0pute the tensile *actored load capacit- *or the %earing t-pe connection
sho,n %elo,, Assu0e (A-57 Jrade 50) steel plates, ,ith (7M83) dia0eter
A-35 %olts in standard holes.
A) Bolt threads are e7cluded *ro0 shear plane (;)/
B) Bolt threads are included *ro0 shear plane (N)/
Solution:- Solution:-
Chec' 5late Capacit-.
( ) [ ]
( )/ Connected Full- in/ s1/ / A A
in/ s1/ / / A
in/ s1/ / /
n e
n
5 2
5 2 625 0 2 6
75 3 625 0 6
8
1
8
7

+

U
A
g
(ension Re0%er Bearing-(-pe Connection-6F#@
(
n
? 0/"0 50 3/75 ? AB" 'ips/
or
(
n
? 0/75 B5 /50 ? A 'ips/ (controls)

F-22
A) Strength o* A-35-; %olts. Strength o* A-35-; %olts.
Shear.
#
n
? (0/5 F
u
%
) 0 A
%
? 0/75 0/5 A0 A 0/B0A3
? 7/A 'ips per %olt/
Bearing.
Since 6
e
S A/5d and spacing S T 3d, the %earing strength o* a %olt is.
#
n
? (/! F
u
dt)
? 0/75 /! B5 0/875 0/B5
? B! 'ips per %olt/
(hus shear controls, the capacit- o* the connection.
(
n
? ! 7/A ? A08 'ips K A 'ips
So, Connection capacit- ? A08 'ips/

F-23
B) Strength o* A-35-N %olts. Strength o* A-35-N %olts.
Shear.
#
n
$ (0&) F

%
) m A
%
? 0/75 0/! A0 A 0/B0A3
? A/B 'ips per %olt/
No need to chec' %earing again, Since
Shear ,ill control.
T
n
? ! A/B ? 8B/! 'ips
(otal Connection capacit- ? 8B/! 'ips

F-24
Example F-3 Example F-3
@eter0ine the nu0%er and spacing o* (P in/) dia/ (A-!"0-N) %olts
re1uired to de$elop the *ull strength o* the A-57 Jrade B5 plates sho,n
%elo,/ Assu0e dou%le ro,s o* %olts ,ith standard holes2
Solution:- Solution:-
Consider 0iddle plate.
( ) [ ] in/ s1/ A/5" 0/375 B A
8
A
!
3
n
+
A
e
? A
n
? A/5" s1/ in/ (,ell connected)/
0a7/ A
n
? 0/85 A
g
? 0/85 B 0/375 ? A/"A s1/ in/
(
n
? F
-
A
g
? 0/"0 B5 B 0/375 ? A3 'ips/
or
(
n
? F
u
A
e
? 0/75 80 A/5" ? "B 'ips/ (controls)
(check T-16 of these notes)

F-25
Bolt shear capacit- *or P in/ A-!"0-N %olt.
#
n
? (0/! F
u
%
) 0 A
%
? 0/75 0/! A50 0/!!A8
? 3"/8 'ips per %olt/ (controls)
Bearing Strength on the 3M8 in/ plate.
#
n
? (/! F
u
dt)
? 0/75 /! 80 0/75 0/375
? !0/5 'ips per %olt/
Nu0%er o* %olts ? ?/! %olts/
Dse !-P in/ (A-!"0-N) %olts/ With.
=nd distance 0ust %e at least
and spacing o* %olts
3"/8
"B
/ 3d
!
A
in
/
!
A
in 1

F-26
Example F-4 Example F-4
@esign the connection %elo, to de$elop the *ull strength o* dou%le
angles (%ac'-to-%ac'), using t,o lines o* (P in/) dia/ (A-35-N) %olts
in the %earing t-pe connection o* 6
s
B ! (A-3B) 0aterial 2
8
3
Q
Q
5
u
(A-3B Steel)
Nu0%er o* %olts
(o %e deter0ined/
Jusset 5late
( 92 (hic') E (A-3B)
6
s
B 7 ! 7 3M8
92

F-27
D ? 0/80 (assu0ing ! %olts or 0ore in one ro,)
A
e
? D A
n
? 0/80 /"5 ? /3B s1/ in/
? 0/" 3/BA 3B ? AA7 'ips/
Angle Capacit- (5
u
)
? 0/75 /3B 58 ? A0/7 'ips/ (controls)
(5
u
) *or t,o angles ? 05/! 'ips/
Solution:- Solution:-
For a single angle.
A
g
? 3/BA s1/ in/
( ) [ ] in/ s1/ /"5 7 3/BA A
8
3
8
A
!
3
n
+

F-28
Shearing capacit- each %olt ?
( ) (cotrols) 'ips/ / / / 8 31 2 120 4 0 75 0
2
4
3
4


Bearing capacit- each %olt ? 0/75 /! 0/75 9 58 ? 3"/ 'ips
(Jusset plate 0ore critical)
#e1uired No/ o* %olts
Dse 8 %olts (Four in line)/ Dse spacing as sho,n %elo,.
%olts B/!5
3A/8
05/!

U
U
9
AU
A9
U U
B3
!3
x
/e-,he*0:
*ro0 6 data.
used / /
/ /
/ /
/
/
8 0 86 0
1 1
75 6 2 2 2
933 0
75 9
933 0
4
1
4
1
4
1
>

+ +

L
x
U
in L
in x
&igher $alue o* (D) is al,a-s on the sa*e side/

F-29
)n slip-critical t-pe connection (page F-3), plates are not allo,ed to
slip against each other, hence there is no practical shearing or
%earing contact %et,een the %olts and the Voining plates (or shapes)/
(his necessities the need *or high 1ualit- control o$er the %olt
tension (proo* load)/
(he 0ain per*or0ance criteria o* the slip-critical t-pe connection is
that no slippage o* the connected parts should occur at the ser$ice
load le$el at the structure/
&o,e$er, to 0a'e the design o* the slip-critical t-pe connection
co0pati%le ,ith the design o* the %earing t-pe connection, A)SC
stipulates the design o* slip-critical connection at the *actored load
le$el o* the connected ele0ents, as *ollo,s.-

F-30
#
n
$ -

3
sc
T
%
4
s
(A)SC < 3/8) (5age AB/A E A0")
where:
? A/0 *or connections ,hich resist slip at the ser$ice load le$el/
#
n
? No0inal slip resistance o* a (sc) %olt in 'ips/
? Friction coe**icient *or class A > B sur*aces.
? 0/35 *or class (A) sur*ace (clean 0ill scale)/
? 0/50 *or class (B) sur*ace (%last clean sur*ace)/
@
u
? A/A3 a statistical *actor related to %olt pretension/
&
sc
? &ole *actorh
sc
?

A/0 *or standard holes/
h
sc
? 0/85 *or :$ersi+ed holes/
h
sc
? 0/70 *or long-slotted holes/
N
s
? Nu0%er o* slip planes (A or ) as (0) %e*ore/
(
%
? Rini0u0 *asteners tension in 'ips/ ((a%le <3/A)/

F-31
56ample F -7 56ample F -7
(he connection sho,n %elo, uses (P inch) A
35 SC %olts/ No slippage is per0itted/ All
connected 0e0%ers are (A-3B) steel/ @eter0ine
strength capacit- o* this connection ((
u
)
Soltion :- Soltion :-
=$en the connection is speci*ied as slip-
critical connection, the direct shear and
%earing capacit- 0ust %e chec'ed (in the
e$ent o* accidental slippage)/
(
u
A/53
A/53
33
A/53
A/53
33
(a)
Plate Gusset
8
3

B 7 9

F-32
(u *or *our %olts ? A5/"0 ! ? B3/B 'ips/
) Bearing Capacit- o* (A35N) %olts/
Since the gusset plate is thinner (3M83 K 93), )t ,ill control %earing .
#
n
? (/! d t F
u
)
58 7
8
3
7
!
3
7 /! 7 0/75
? "/3B 'ips
Bearing *or *our %olts . #
n
? !7"/3B ? AA7/!5 'its
A) Shear capacit- o* %olts (A-35 N).
4418 . 0 48 75 . 0 F R
v n

b
A
? A5/"0 'ips per %olt/

F-33
3) Slip-Critical Connection.-
#
n
? @
u
h
sc
(
%
N
s
,here,
? A/0
? 0/35 assu0e class (A) sur*ace/
@
u
? A/A3
h
sc
? A/0 standard holes
(
%
? 8 'ips ((a%le < 3/A)
((a%le AB/A E A03)
N
s
A slip plane/
#
n
? A 0/35 A/A3 A 8 A ? AA/A 'ips per %olt
For *our %olts (
u
? ! AA/A ? !!/! 'ips/

F-34
!) (ension on the plate .-
( ) [ ]
in/ s1/ /A5 /A5 7 A DA A
in/ s1/ /A5 7 !/5 A
in !/5 B W
in s1, 3 B7 A
n e

A
n
n

A
g


+

8
1
4
3
Ra7i0u0 Capacit- (
u
? !!/! 'ips/
0/" F
-
A
g
#
n
?
0/75 F
u
A
e
(controls)
'ips "/! /A5 7 58 7 0/75 #
or
'ips "7/ 3 7 3B 7 0/" #
n
n


F-35
56ample F-': 56ample F-':
A A3-*oot-long tension 0e0%er and its
connection 0ust %e designed *or a ser$ice
dead load o* 8 'ips and a ser$ice li$e load o*
'ips/ No slip o* the connection
is per0itted/ (he connection ,ill %e to a 3M8-
inch-thic' gusset plate, as sho,n/ Dse a
single angle *or the tension 0e0%er/ Dse
A35 SC %olts and A57 Jrade 50 steel *or
%oth the tension 0e0%er and the gusset
plate/
@ ? 8 'ips
6 ? 'ips
8
3
t
A 35 SC %olts
A57 Jrade 50 steel
Jusset plate
Angle
(A 57 E Jr 50)

F-36
(he *actored load to %e resisted is
5
u
? A/@ Q A/B6 ? A/(8) Q A/B() ? !!/8 'ips
Because the %olt si+e and la-out ,ill a**ect the net area o* the tension 0e0%er, ,e ,ill
%egin ,ith selection o* the %olts/ (he strateg- ,ill %e to select a %olt si+e *or trial,
deter0ine the nu0%er re1uired, and then tr- a di**erent si+e i* the nu0%er is too large
or too s0all/ Bolt dia0eter t-picall- range *ro0 9 inch to A9 inches in AM8-inch
incre0ents/
Try 78! inc3 %olts& (he no0inal %olt area is
2
2
in. 3068 . 0
4
) 8 / 5 (


g
A
(he shear strength is
#
n
? F
$
A
%
? 0/75(!8)(0/30B8)
? AA/0! 'ipsM%olt
a!!uming that the thread! are in the !hear plane"
No slip is per0itted, so this connection is slip-critical/ We ,ill assu0e class (A)
sur*aces, and *or a 5M8-inch-dia0eter A35 SC %olt, the 0ini0u0 tension is (
%
? A"
'ips (*ro0 A)SC (a%le <3/A)/
#
n
? @
u
h
sc
(
%
N
s

? A 0/35 A/A3 A A" A
? 7/5 'ips (controls)
Soltion: Soltion:

F-37
Sa- B %olts L(his can %e achie$ed in t,o ro,s, ,hich re1uires long leg *or
the angle, or select a larger si+e %olt to ha$e less nu0%er o* %olts, in order
to *it in one line/
(r- (P inch) dia0eter %olts/
kips 15.90 480.4418 75 . 0 R
in.s!. 4418 . 0
4
3
4
n
2

,
_

b
A
a!!uming thread in !hear plane a#ter !lip ha$e o%%urred"&
(he Slip-Critical %olt capacit- .
#
n
? A 0/35 A/A3 A 8 A
? AA/07 'ips/ (controls)
"#lts 9 . 5 "#lts #$ %u&"e'
5 . 7
8 . 44


F-38
%olts !/0
AA/07
!!/8
%olts /
!
3
o* No/

,
_

in
( )

-
u
A
g
in/ 0/""B
0/"(50)
!!/8
0/"F
5
A
Select *our %olts o* (P in/) dia0eter (A-35-SC)
Rini0u0 spacing 3 d ? U in/ sa- (9 in/)
Rini0u0 =dge distance ? A/5 in (assu0e sheared edge)/
Chec' (ension on Re0%er .
and the re1uired e**ecti$e net area is

u
u
e
in/ 0/"A"0
0/75(B5)
!!/8
0/75F
5
A
D
A
A
e
n

A93
A93 93 93 93

F-39
For the la-out sho,n in Figure a%o$e, ,ith *our %olts in the line o* *orce,
the $alue o* D *ro0 the A)SC ta%le E @3/A (page AB/A-") is 0/80/ (:nce
a 0e0%er has %een selected, D can %e co0puted ,ith A)SC/
(here*ore
/ in A/A5
0/80
0/"A"0
A

n

( ) ( ) t A/A5 A
AB
A
!
3

g
+ +
Assu0e t ? U in thic', (A
g
)

? A/35 in/

( ) in/ 0/5
300
A37A
300
6
r
re1/ 0in/

(controls)

F-40
angle 3 6 (r-
!
A

A

A
g
? A/!! in

T A/35 in

(:W)
r
0in
? r
+
? 0/5!! in/ T 0/5 in/ (:W)
Dse an ,ith
6ong leg connected/ Dse A35-SC %olts as sho,n/
!
A

A
3 6
4
3
4
393
93
x
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2 1
4
1
16
1
4
3
0 1 0 1
92 0
919 0
92 0
5 7
607 0
1 1
in A in A
L
x
U
g n
/ / /
/
/
/
/
/
+ +

:ur selected A
g
? A/!! in

is greater then (A
g
)

(hen :W/

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