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Module - I Computer Networks

ISO is the organization. OSI is the model. Layers in THE OSI MODEL are called layers in the TCP / IP PROTOCOL SUITE. Physical addresses are written as 48-bit (6 bytes) hexadecimal digits. IP addresses are 32 bits in length, with each number representing 1 byte.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
171 views31 pages

Module - I Computer Networks

ISO is the organization. OSI is the model. Layers in THE OSI MODEL are called layers in the TCP / IP PROTOCOL SUITE. Physical addresses are written as 48-bit (6 bytes) hexadecimal digits. IP addresses are 32 bits in length, with each number representing 1 byte.

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Module I

The OSI Model


and
TCP/IP
Protocol Suite
McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CONTENTS
• THE OSI MODEL
• LAYERS IN THE OSI MODEL
• TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
• ADDRESSING

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


THE
OSI
MODEL

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


ISO is the organization.
OSI is the model.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


OSI
Model

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


OSI layers

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


An exchange using the OSI model

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


LAYERS
IN
THE
OSI
MODEL

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Physical Layer

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Data Link Layer

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Node-to-node delivery

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Network Layer

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


End-to-end delivery

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Transport Layer

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Reliable end-to-end delivery of a message

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Session Layer

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Figure 2-12

Presentation Layer

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Application Layer

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Summary of layers

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


TCP/IP
PROTOCOL
SUITE

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


TCP/IP and OSI model

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


ADDRESSING

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Addresses in TCP/IP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Relation-
ship
of
layers
and
addresses
in TCP/IP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Physical addresses

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Most local area networks use a 48-bit (6
bytes) physical address written as 12
hexadecimal digits, with every 2 bytes
separated by a hyphen as shown below:

07-01-02-01-2C-4B
A 6-byte (12 hexadecimal digits) physical address

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


IP addresses

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


An Internet address (in IPv4) is 32 bits in
length, normally written as four decimal
numbers, with each number representing 1
byte. The numbers are separated by a dot.
Below is an example of such an address.

132.24.75.9
McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Example 5

Figure 2.20 shows an example of transport


layer communication.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Port addresses

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


A port address is a 16-bit address
represented by one decimal number as
shown below.

753 A 16-bit port address

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

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