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Data Extraction & Exploration With SPARQL & The Talis Platform

This document provides an overview of using SPARQL to extract and explore data from the Talis platform. It covers SPARQL query basics like graph patterns, SELECT queries, OPTIONAL patterns, UNION queries, sorting, limiting, filtering and DISTINCT. Examples are given for each concept using data from the NASA spaceflight schema. Useful links for additional SPARQL resources are also provided.

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Surabhi Singh
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75 views49 pages

Data Extraction & Exploration With SPARQL & The Talis Platform

This document provides an overview of using SPARQL to extract and explore data from the Talis platform. It covers SPARQL query basics like graph patterns, SELECT queries, OPTIONAL patterns, UNION queries, sorting, limiting, filtering and DISTINCT. Examples are given for each concept using data from the NASA spaceflight schema. Useful links for additional SPARQL resources are also provided.

Uploaded by

Surabhi Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Extraction & Exploration with SPARQL & the Talis Platform

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Agenda
Tutorial Schema Graph Patterns Simple SELECT queries OPTIONAL patterns UNION queries Sorting & Limiting Filtering & Restrictions DISTINCT SPARQL Query Forms Useful Links

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Tutorial Schema

Based on NASA spaceflight data Available in: http://api.talis.com/stores/space

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Triple and Graph Patterns


How do we describe the structure of the RDF graph which we're interested in?

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#An RDF triple in Turtle syntax


<http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/spacecraft/1957-001B> foaf:name Sputnik 1.

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#An SPARQL triple pattern, with a single variable


<http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/spacecraft/1957-001B> foaf:name ?name.

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#All parts of a triple pattern can be variables


?spacecraft foaf:name ?name.

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#Matching labels of resources


?subject rdfs:label ?label.

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#Combine triples patterns to create a graph pattern


?subject rdfs:label ?label. ?subject rdf:type space:Discipline.

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#SPARQL is based on Turtle, which allows abbreviations #e.g. predicate-object lists:


?subject rdfs:label ?label; rdf:type space:Discipline.

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#Graph patterns allow us to traverse a graph


?spacecraft foaf:name Sputnik 1. ?launch space:spacecraft ?launch.

?launch space:launched ?launchdate.

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#Graph patterns allow us to traverse a graph


?spacecraft foaf:name Sputnik 1. ?launch space:spacecraft ?launch.

?launch space:launched ?launchdate.

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Structure of a Query
What does a basic SPARQL query look like?

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#Ex. 1 #Associate URIs with prefixes PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> #Example of a SELECT query, retrieving 2 variables #Variables selected MUST be bound in graph pattern SELECT ?subject ?label WHERE { #This is our graph pattern ?subject rdfs:label ?label; rdf:type space:Discipline. }

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#Ex. 2 PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> #Example of a SELECT query, retrieving all variables SELECT * WHERE { ?subject rdfs:label ?label; rdf:type space:Discipline. }

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OPTIONAL bindings
How do we allow for missing or unknown information?

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#Ex. 3 PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT ?name ?image WHERE { #This pattern must be bound ?spacecraft foaf:name ?name. #Anything in this block doesn't have to be bound OPTIONAL { ?spacecraft foaf:depiction ?image. } }

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UNION queries
How do we allow for alternatives or variations in the graph?

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#Ex. 4 PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> SELECT ?subject ?displayLabel WHERE { { ?subject foaf:name ?displayLabel. } UNION { ?subject rdfs:label ?displayLabel. } }

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Sorting & Restrictions


How do we apply a sort order to the results? How can we restrict the number of results returned?

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#Ex.5 #Select the uri and the mass of all the spacecraft PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> SELECT ?spacecraft ?mass WHERE { ?spacecraft space:mass ?mass. }

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#Ex. 6 #Select the uri and the mass of all the spacecraft #with highest first PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> SELECT ?spacecraft ?mass WHERE { ?spacecraft space:mass ?mass. } #Use an ORDER BY clause to apply a sort. Can be ASC or DESC ORDER BY DESC(?mass)

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#Ex. 7 #Select the uri and the mass of the 10 heaviest spacecraft PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> SELECT ?spacecraft ?mass WHERE { ?spacecraft space:mass ?mass. } #Order by weight descending ORDER BY DESC(?mass) #Limit to first ten results LIMIT 10

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#Ex. 8 #Select the uri and the mass of the 11-20th most #heaviest spacecraft PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> SELECT ?spacecraft ?mass WHERE { ?spacecraft space:mass ?mass. } ORDER BY DESC(?mass) #Limit to ten results LIMIT 10 #Apply an offset to get next page OFFSET 10

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Filtering

How do we restrict results based on aspects of the data rather than the graph, e.g. string matching?

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#Sample data for Sputnik launch


<http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/launch/1957-001> rdf:type space:Launch; #Assign a datatype to the literal, to indicate it is #a date space:launched "1957-10-04"^^xsd:date; space:spacecraft <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/spacecraft/1957-001B> .

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#Ex. 9 #Select name of spacecraft launched between #1st Jan 1969 and 1st Jan 1970
PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> SELECT ?name WHERE { ?launch space:launched ?date; space:spacecraft ?spacecraft. ?spacecraft foaf:name ?name. FILTER (?date > "1969-01-01"^^xsd:date && ?date < "1970-01-01"^^xsd:date)

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#Ex. 10 #Select spacecraft with a mass of less than 90kg


PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> SELECT ?spacecraft ?name WHERE { ?spacecraft foaf:name ?name; space:mass ?mass. #Note that we have to cast the data to the right type #As it is not declared in the data FILTER( xsd:double(?mass) < 90.0 )

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#Ex. 11 #Select spacecraft with a name like ollo


PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> SELECT ?name WHERE { ?spacecraft foaf:name ?name. }

FILTER( regex(?name, ollo, i ) )

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Built-In Filters
Logical: !, &&, || Math: +, -, *, / Comparison: =, !=, >, <, ... SPARQL tests: isURI, isBlank, isLiteral, bound SPARQL accessors: str, lang, datatype Other: sameTerm, langMatches, regex

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DISTINCT

How do we remove duplicate results?

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#Ex. 12 #Select list of agencies associated with spacecraft


PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> SELECT DISTINCT ?agency WHERE { ?spacecraft space:agency ?agency.

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SPARQL Query Forms


Does SPARQL do more than just SELECT data?

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ASK
Test whether the graph contains some data of interest

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#Ex. 13
#Was there a launch on 16th July 1969? PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> ASK WHERE { ?launch space:launched "1969-07-16"^^xsd:date. }

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DESCRIBE
Generate an RDF description of a resource(s)

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#Ex. 14
#Describe launch(es) that occurred on 16th July 1969 PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> DESCRIBE ?launch WHERE { ?launch space:launched "1969-07-16"^^xsd:date. }

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#Ex. 15
#Describe spacecraft launched on 16th July 1969 PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> DESCRIBE ?spacecraft WHERE { ?launch space:launched "1969-07-16"^^xsd:date. ?spacecraft space:launch ?launch. }

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CONSTRUCT

Create a custom RDF graph based on query criteria Can be used to transform RDF data

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#Ex. 16

PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>


CONSTRUCT { ?spacecraft foaf:name ?name; space:agency ?agency; space:mass ?mass. } WHERE { ?launch space:launched "1969-07-16"^^xsd:date. ?spacecraft space:launch ?launch; foaf:name ?name; space:agency ?agency; space:mass ?mass. }

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SELECT

SQL style result set retrieval

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#Ex. 17

PREFIX space: <http://purl.org/net/schemas/space/> PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>


SELECT ?name ?agency ?mass WHERE { ?launch space:launched "1969-07-16"^^xsd:date. ?spacecraft space:launch ?launch; foaf:name ?name; space:agency ?agency; space:mass ?mass. }

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Useful Links
SPARQL FAQ
http://www.thefigtrees.net/lee/sw/sparql-faq

SPARQL Recipes
http://n2.talis.com/wiki/SPARQL_Recipes

SPARQL By Example Tutorial


http://www.cambridgesemantics.com/2008/09/sparql-by-example

Twinkle, GUI SPARQL editor


http://www.ldodds.com/projects/twinkle http://code.google.com/p/twinkle-sparql-tools

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