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CH 08 Understanding Client Server Systems - Ch08

The document discusses client/server computing, including definitions of client/server architecture and peer-to-peer networks. It describes the key components of client/server architecture including clients, servers, and communication middleware. It also discusses advantages like enhanced data sharing, integrated services, and centralized management. Finally, it covers approaches like mainframe-centric computing, downsizing to client/server, and preserving investments in mainframe applications through porting.

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Salil Mhatre
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
162 views

CH 08 Understanding Client Server Systems - Ch08

The document discusses client/server computing, including definitions of client/server architecture and peer-to-peer networks. It describes the key components of client/server architecture including clients, servers, and communication middleware. It also discusses advantages like enhanced data sharing, integrated services, and centralized management. Finally, it covers approaches like mainframe-centric computing, downsizing to client/server, and preserving investments in mainframe applications through porting.

Uploaded by

Salil Mhatre
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING

Client/Server Computing: DBMS concept and architecture, Single system image, Client Server architecture, mainframe-centric client server computing, downsizing and client server computing, preserving mainframe applications investment through porting, client server development tools, advantages of client server computing.

Definition Client/server describes the relationship between two computer programs in which one program, the client, makes a service request from another program, the server, which fulfills the request.

Peer-peer network
computer network in which each computer in the network can act as a client or server for the other

computers in the network, allowing


shared access to files and

peripherals without the need for a


central server

Peer-peer network

Dis-advantages
No central server No centralization Lacking management Back up and recovery possibility Up gradation and scalability Accessibility and security

Peer-peer system vs. client/server

Client/server design- classical model

Forces that drive the Client/Server


The general forces that drive the move to client/server computing are: The changing business environment. The growing need for enterprise data access. The demand for end user productivity gains based on the efficient use for data resources. Technological advances that have made client/server computing practical. Growing cost/performance advantages of PCbased platforms.

Client/Server Architecture
The client/Server architecture is based on hardware and software components that interacts to form a system. This system includes three main components: Clients Servers Communication middleware

Client/Server Architecture - client

The client is any computer process that requests services from the server. The client is also known as the front-endapplication, reflecting the fact that the end user usually interacts with the client process.

Client/Server Architecture - server

The server is any computer process providing services to the clients. The server is also known as the back-end application, reflecting the fact that the server process provides the background services for the client process.

Communication middleware:
It is any computer process(es) through which clients and servers communicate. The communication middleware, also known as middleware or the communications layers, is made up of several layers of software that aid the transmission of data and control information between clients and servers.

CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE

Distributed Processing Environment Distributed Database Environment Comprehensive Communications Networks Open Systems for information sharing Friendly User Interfaces Standardized communications protocols Shared responsibility

CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE

Client Processes request services Server Processes provide services Client and server processes execute on different systems Clients and servers can negotiate the terms and conditions of service

Single System Image


To implement and operate a modern telecommunications network that creates a seamless utility for all telecommunication applications from desktop to desktop Definition: In distributed computing, a single

system image (SSI) cluster is a cluster of


machines that appears to be one single system

Single System Image


Within the single system image environment, a business system user is totally unaware of

where data is stored, how client and server


processors work, and what networking is involved in gaining connectivity.

How is this transparency accomplished?

Single System Image


Every application that the user accesses provides a
common look and feel. Help is provided in the same way by every application. Errors are presented and resolved in the same way. Each user has access to all services for which

he or she has a need and a right to access


The security layer is invisible to the authorized and impenetrable to the unauthorized Navigation from function to function and application to application is provided in the same way in every system

Single System Image & client/server computing

Single system image is best implemented through


the client/server model Client/server computing is an environment that satisfies the business need by appropriately allocating the application processing between the client and server processors Communication mechanism: IPC, InterProcess Communication

Information Sharing approaches:


Three approaches to organizational information sharing:

Mainframe Centric:
PC Server-Centric: Client Server:

Mainframe-Centric:
Use terminal emulators or hardwired terminals.
Non GUI proprietary interface. Asynchronous (all cursor positions and key positions are transmitted to and from the mainframe). Tight administrative control.

Mainframe-Centric Client/Server Computing


Uses the presentation capabilities of the
workstation to front-end existing applications The data is displayed or entered through the use of

pull-down lists, scrollable fields, check boxes, and


buttons The user interface is easy to use, and information is

presented more clearly

PC-Server-Centric:
PCs share common applications. PCs share data (files).

PCs share resources (printer, etc.).


Each application presents its own user interface. Commands and queries processed by PC. Downloading of files (high volume network traffic).

Client Server:
Desktop intelligence. Client responsible for User Interface. Better sharing of server resources. Optimal network utilization. Separation of communication and operating

system processes from the user (easy maintenance).

Downsizing & client/server computing

Benefits of rightsizing are reduction in cost and/or increased functionality, performance, and flexibility in the applications of the enterprise Significant cost savings usually are obtained from a resulting reduction in employee, hardware,

software, and maintenance expenses

Downsizing & client/server computing

Rightsizing and downsizing are strategies used with the client/server model to take advantage of the lower cost of workstation technology Rightsizing and upsizing involve the addition of more diverse or more powerful computing

resources to an enterprise computing environment.

Advantages of Client/Server Computing


Enhanced data sharing
Integrated services Sharing resources among diverse platforms Data interchangeability and interoperability Masked physical data access

Location independence of data and processing


Centralized management

There are some major problems with this approach:

Mainframe system are very inflexible.

Centralized DP department was unable to keep up


with the demand for new applications. high cost of purchase, maintenance and support.

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