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    Polar Coordinates Packet 1

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    rootveshmehta
    This document introduces polar coordinates and how to represent points using polar coordinates. It discusses that in a polar coordinate system, a point P is represented by an ordered pair (r, θ) where r is the distance from a fixed point called the pole and θ is the angle formed relative to the polar axis. A point can have multiple valid polar coordinate representations since angles can be considered coterminal. The document also introduces graphing points and equations in the polar coordinate system.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Polar Coordinates Packet 1

    Uploaded by

    rootveshmehta
    90 views20 pages
    This document introduces polar coordinates and how to represent points using polar coordinates. It discusses that in a polar coordinate system, a point P is represented by an ordered pair (r, θ) where r is the distance from a fixed point called the pole and θ is the angle formed relative to the polar axis. A point can have multiple valid polar coordinate representations since angles can be considered coterminal. The document also introduces graphing points and equations in the polar coordinate system.

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    polar coordinates packet 1

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    This document introduces polar coordinates and how to represent points using polar coordinates. It discusses that in a polar coordinate system, a point P is represented by an ordered pair (r, θ) where r is the distance from a fixed point called the pole and θ is the angle formed relative to the polar axis. A point can have multiple valid polar coordinate representations since angles can be considered coterminal. The document also introduces graphing points and equations in the polar coordinate system.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    90 views20 pages

    Polar Coordinates Packet 1

    Uploaded by

    rootveshmehta
    This document introduces polar coordinates and how to represent points using polar coordinates. It discusses that in a polar coordinate system, a point P is represented by an ordered pair (r, θ) where r is the distance from a fixed point called the pole and θ is the angle formed relative to the polar axis. A point can have multiple valid polar coordinate representations since angles can be considered coterminal. The document also introduces graphing points and equations in the polar coordinate system.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Polar Coordinates

    Packet 1
    Polar Coordinates
    Recording the position of an object using the
    distance from a fixed point and an angle made from
    that point uses a polar coordinate system.
    When surveyors record the locations of objects using
    distances and angles, they are using polar
    coordinates.
    Polar Coordinate System
    In a polar coordinate
    system, a fixed point O
    is called the pole or
    origin. The polar axis is
    usually a horizontal ray
    directed toward the right
    from the pole.

    Polar Coordinate System
    The location of a point P
    in the polar coordinate
    system can be identified
    by polar coordinates in
    the form (r, ).
    If a ray is drawn from
    the pole through point P,
    the distance from the
    pole to point P is r.

    Polar Coordinate System
    The measure of the
    angle formed by and
    the polar axis is . The
    angle can be measured
    in degrees or radians.
    This grid is sometimes
    called the polar plane.

    Consider positive and negative values for r
    Suppose r > 0. Then
    is the measure of any
    angle in standard
    position that has as
    its terminal side.
    Suppose r < 0. Then
    is the measure of any
    angle that has the ray
    opposite as its
    terminal side.
    The angle
    As you have seen, the r-coordinate can be any real
    value. The angle can also be negative. If > 0,
    then is measured counterclockwise from the polar
    axis. If < 0, then is measured clockwise from the
    polar axis.
    Look at examples 1 and 2.
    Example 2
    In this example, the point R(-2, -135) lies in the
    polar plane 2 units from the pole on the terminal side
    of a 45 angle in standard position.
    This means that the point R could also be
    represented by the coordinates (2, 45)
    Polar Coordinates
    In general, the polar coordinates of a point are not
    unique. Every point can be represented by infinitely
    many pairs of polar coordinates. This happens
    because any angle in standard position is coterminal
    with infinitely many other angles.
    Polar Coordinates
    If a point has polar coordinates (r, ), then it also has
    polar coordinates (r, + 2) in radians or (r, +
    360) in degrees.
    In fact, you can add any integer multiple of 2 to
    and find another pair of polar coordinates for the
    same point.
    Polar Coordinates
    If you use the opposite r-value, the angle will change
    by , giving (-r, + ) as another ordered pair for the
    same point.
    You can then find even more polar coordinates for
    the same point by adding multiples of 2 to + .
    Polar Coordinates
    The following graphs illustrate six of the different
    ways to name the polar coordinates of the same
    point.
    In summary
    Here is a summary of all the ways to represent a
    point in polar coordinates:
    If a point P has polar coordinates (r, ), then P can also
    be represented by polar coordinates (r, + 2k) or (-r, +
    (2k + 1)) , where k is any integer.
    Note: In degrees, the representations are (r, +
    360k) and (-r, + (2k + 1)180). For every angle
    there are infinitely many representations.
    Polar Equations
    An equation expressed in terms of polar coordinates
    is called a polar equation. For example r = 2 sin is
    a polar equation.
    A polar graph is the set of all points whose
    coordinates (r, ) satisfy a given polar equation.
    Graphing Polar Equations
    You already know how to graph equations in the
    Cartesian, or rectangular, coordinate system.
    Graphs involving constants like x = 2 and y = -3 are
    considered basic in the Cartesian coordinate system.
    Graphing Polar Equations
    Similarly, the polar coordinate system has some
    basic graphs. Graphs of the polar equations r = k
    and = k, where k is a constant, are considered
    basic.
    Look at example 4.
    Example
    Graph each point.
    a. S(-4, 0)

    b. R

    c. Q(-2, -240)
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    2
    3
    , 2
    t
    Example
    Name four different
    pairs of polar
    coordinates that
    represent point S
    on the graph with
    the restriction that -
    360 < < 360.

    Example: Graph each polar equation.
    a. r = -3 b.
    6
    5t
    u =
    HW: #17-39 odd

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