Outline

What is PHP? History of PHP Why PHP ? What is PHP file? What you need to start using PHP ? Syntax PHP code . echo & print Statement Variables. Data Types. Constants &Operators. Conditional Statements & Loops.

What is PHP?

Personal Homepage Tools/Form Interpreter PHP is a Server-side Scripting Language designed specifically for the Web.

An open source language

PHP code can be embedded within an HTML page,

which will be executed each time that page is visited.

What is PHP? (contd)

Interpreted language, scripts are parsed at run-time rather

than compiled beforehand

Executed on the server-side

Source-code not visible by client

View Source in browsers does not display the PHP code Various built-in functions allow for fast development Compatible with many popular databases

History of PHP

PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. It was initially developed for HTTP usage logging and server-side form generation in Unix.

PHP 2 (1995) transformed the language into a Server-side embedded scripting language. Added database support, file uploads, variables, arrays, recursive functions, conditionals, iteration, regular expressions, etc.

PHP 3 (1998) added support for ODBC data sources, multiple platform support, email protocols (SNMP,IMAP), and new parser written by Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans .

PHP 4 (2000) became an independent component of the web server for added efficiency. The parser was renamed the Zend Engine. Many security features were added.

PHP 5 (2004) adds Zend Engine II with object oriented programming, robust XML support using the libxml2 library, SOAP extension for interoperability with Web Services, SQLite has been bundled with PHP

Why PHP ?

PHP runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X,

etc.)

PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)

PHP has support for a wide range of databases

PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net

PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

What does PHP code look like?

Structurally similar to C/C++ Supports procedural and object-oriented paradigm (to some degree)

What Can PHP Do?

PHP can generate dynamic page content

PHP can create, open, read, write, and close files on the server
PHP can collect form data PHP can send and receive cookies PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website PHP can encrypt data

With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files, and even Flash movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML

What is a PHP File?

PHP files can contain text, HTML, JavaScript code, and PHP code

PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain HTML

PHP files have a default file extension of ".php

What you need to start using PHP ?

Installation

You will need

1.

Web server ( Apache )

2.

PHP ( version 5.3)

Database ( MySQL 5 ) Text editor (Notepad) Web browser (Firefox ) www.php.net/manual/ en/install.php

3.

4.

5.

6.

Syntax PHP code

A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. A PHP script starts with

<?php and ends with ?>

Syntax PHP code

Standard Style : <?php ?>

Short Style: <? ?>

Script Style: <SCRIPT LANGUAGE=php> </SCRIPT>

ASP Style:
<% echo Hello World!; %>

Echo

The PHP command echo is used to output the

parameters passed to it .

The typical usage for this is to send data to the clients web-browser

Syntax : void echo (string arg1 [, string argn...]) In practice, arguments are not passed in parentheses since echo is a language construct rather than an actual function

Echo - Example

<?php
echo This my first statement in PHP language;

?>

Print

print is not actually a real function (it is a language construct) so you are not required to

use parentheses with its argument list.

<?php print("Hello World"); ?>

Echo Vs Print
Improve this chart Parameters: Echo echo can take more than one Print print only takes one parameter.

parameter when used without parentheses.

The syntax is echo expression [, expression[, expression] ... ]. Note that echo ($arg1,$arg2) is invalid.

Return value: Syntax:

echo does not return any value void echo ( string $arg1 [, string $... ] )

print always returns 1 (integer) int print ( string $arg )

What is it?:

In PHP, echo is not a function but a

language construct.

In PHP, print is not a really function but a

language construct. However, it behaves like a function in that it returns a value.

Variables

As with algebra, PHP variables can be used to hold values (x=5) or

expressions (z=x+y).

Variable can have short names (like x and y) or more descriptive names (age, carname, totalvolume).

Rules for PHP variables: A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable

Variables

A variable name must begin with a letter or the underscore character

A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and

underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )

A variable name should not contain spaces Variable names are case sensitive ($y and $Y are two different variables)

Variables

Case-sensitive ($Foo != $foo != $fOo)

Global and locally-scoped variables

Global variables can be used anywhere Local variables restricted to a function or class Certain variable names reserved by PHP Form variables ($_POST, $_GET) Server variables ($_SERVER)

Creating (Declaring) Variables <?php

$name = ali

echo( $name);
?>

Creating (Declaring) Variables

PHP has no command for declaring a variable.

A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it:

$txt="Hello world!"; $x=5;

After the execution of the statements above, the variable txt will hold the value Hello world!, and the variable xwill hold the value 5.

Note: When you assign a text value to a variable, put quotes around
the value.

Variables
<?php
$name = ali; $age = 23;

echo My name is $name and I am $age years

old;

?>

PHP is a Loosely Typed Language

In the example above, notice that we did not have to tell PHP which

data type the variable is.

PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type, depending on its value.

In a strongly typed programming language, we will have to declare (define) the type and name of the variable before using it.

Variables
<?php $name = 'elijah'; $yearborn = 1975; $currentyear = 2005; $age = $currentyear - $yearborn; echo ("$name is $age years old."); ?>

Variables
<?php $name = Ali"; // declaration ?>

<html>
<head> <title>A simple PHP document</title> </head> <body style = "font-size: 2em">

<p> <strong>
<!-- print variable names value --> Welcome to PHP, <?php echo( "$name" ); ?>!

</strong> </p>
</body> </html>

PHP Variable Scopes

The scope of a variable is the part of the script where the variable

can be referenced/used.

PHP has four different variable scopes:

local global static Parameter

- In chapter function we will talk about theme.

String Variables in PHP

string variables are used for values that contain characters.

After we have created a string variable we can manipulate it. A string can be
used directly in a function or it can be stored in a variable.

In the example below, we create a string variable called txt, then we assign the text "Hello world!" to it. Then we write the value of the txt variable to the output:

<?php
$txt="Hello world!"; echo $txt; ?>

PHP strings can be specified in four ways

Single quoted strings will display things almost completely "as is." Variables and most escape sequences will not be interpreted. The exception is that to display a literal single quote, you can escape it with a back slash \', and to display a back slash, you can escape it with another backslash \\ (So yes, even single quoted strings are parsed).

<?php $txt = my string ; echo $txt; // my string ?>

<?php $txt = my string ; echo $txt; // $txt ?>

PHP strings can be specified in four ways

Double quote strings will display a host of escaped characters (including some regexes), and variables in the strings will be evaluated. An important point here is that you can use curly braces to isolate the name of the variable you want evaluated. For example let's say you have the variable $type and you what to echo "The $types are" That will look for the variable $types. To get around this use echo "The {$type}s are" You can put the left brace before or after the dollar sign. Take a look at string parsing to see how to use array variables and such.

<?php $txt = my string; echo $txt; // my string ?>

<?php $txt = my string ; echo $txt; // my string ?>

PHP strings can be specified in four ways

Heredoc string syntax works like double quoted strings. It starts with <<<. After this operator, an identifier is provided, then a newline. The string itself follows, and then the same identifier again to close the quotation. You don't need to escape quotes in this syntax.

Nowdoc (since PHP 5.3.0) string syntax works essentially like single quoted strings.

The difference is that not even single quotes or backslashes have to be escaped. A
nowdoc is identified with the same <<< sequence used for heredocs, but the identifier which follows is enclosed in single quotes, e.g. <<<'EOT'. No parsing is done in nowdoc.

PHP strings can be specified in four ways

Heredoc

<?php $name='MyName'; echo <<<EOT My name is "$name". I am printing some A Now, I am printing some {A}. This should print a capital 'A': \x41 EOT; ?>

My name is "MyName". I am printing some A Now, I am printing some {A}. This should print a capital 'A': A

PHP strings can be specified in four ways

Nowdoc

<?php $name='MyName'; echo <<<'EOT' My name is "$name". I am printing some A Now, I am printing some {A}. This should print a capital 'A': \x41 EOT; ?>

My name is "$name". I am printing some A Now, I am printing some {A}. This should print a capital 'A': \x41

Single & Double Quotes

<?php
echo Hello world <br>; echo Hello world;

?>

Single & Double Quotes

<?php
$word = World;

echo Hello $word <br>;

echo Hello $word <br>;

?>

Comments in PHP

// or # for single line

/* */ for multiline /*

this is my comment one

this is my comment two this is my comment three */

Whitespace

You cant have any whitespace between <? and php.

You cant break apart keywords (e.g :whi le,func

tion,fo r)

You cant break apart varible names and

function names (e.g:$var name,function f 2)

The PHP Concatenation Operator

here is only one string operator in PHP.

The concatenation operator (.) is used to join two string values together.
The example below shows how to concatenate two string variables together:

<?php $txt1="Hello!"; $txt2=" world !"; echo $txt1 . " " . $txt2; // Hello world ! ?>

The PHP Concatenation Operator

<?php $string1=Hello; $string2=PHP;

$string3=$string1 . . $string2;
Print $string3; ?>

Hello PHP

Escaping the Character

If the string has a set of double quotation marks that must remain visible, use the \ [backslash] before the quotation marks to ignore and display them.
<?php
$heading="\"Computer Science\""."<br>"; $heading1=@"Computer Science"; echo $heading; echo $heading1; ?>

"Computer Science" Computer Science

Example
<?php

$foo = 25;

// Numerical variable

$bar = Hello; // String variable echo $bar; echo $foo,$bar; // Outputs Hello // Outputs 25Hello

echo 5x5=,$foo;
echo 5x5=$foo; echo 5x5=$foo; ?>

// Outputs 5x5=25
// Outputs 5x5=25 // Outputs 5x5=$foo

Notice how echo 5x5=$foo outputs $foo rather than replacing it with 25 Strings in single quotes ( ) are not interpreted or evaluated by PHP This is true for both variables and character escape-sequences (such as \n or \\)

Data type
Data type
int, integer float, double string bool, Boolean array object Resource NULL

Description Whole numbers (i.e., numbers without a decimal point). Real numbers (i.e., numbers containing a decimal point). Text enclosed in either single ('') or double ("") quotes. True or false. Group of elements of the same type. Group of associated data and methods. An external data source. No value.

Get type

gettype Get the type of a variable

Returns the type of the PHP variable var.

<?php $a = 1; $b = 1.2; $c = "abc"; echo gettype($a)."<br>"; echo gettype($b)."<br>"; echo gettype($c)."<br>"; ?>

integer double string

Set type
<?php
$foo = "5bar"; // string $bar = true; // boolean

settype($foo, "integer"); // $foo is now 5 (integer) settype($bar, "string"); // $bar is now "1" (string) ?>

Set type
<?php $testString = 10.2abc; // call function settype to convert variable // testString to different data types print( "$testString" ); settype( $testString, "double" ); print( " as a double is $testString <br />" ); print( "$testString" ); settype( $testString, "integer" ); print( " as an integer is $testString <br />" ); settype( $testString, "string" ); print( "Converting back to a string results in $testString <br /><br />" ); 10.2abc as a double is 10.2 10.2 as an integer is 10 Converting back to a string results in 10

Casting Data type

<?php
$data = "98.6 degrees";
Now using type casting instead: As a string - 98.6 degrees As a double - 98.6 As an integer - 98

echo "Now using type casting instead: <br>"; echo "As a string - ".(string) $data ; echo "<br> As a double - ".(double) $data; echo "<br> As an integer - ".(integer) $data; ?>

Casting Data type

$variable = (datatype) $variable or value
<?php $data = "98.6 degrees"; echo "Now using type casting instead: <br>"; echo "As a string - ".(string) $data ; echo "<br> As a double - ".(double) $data; echo "<br> As an integer - ".(integer) $data; ?>

Casting Data type

<?php
$a = 12.4 abc echo (int) $a; echo (double) ($a); echo (float) ($a);

echo (string) ($a);

?>

PHP Operators

The assignment operator = is used to assign values to variables in PHP. The arithmetic operator + is used to add values together in PHP. Assignment operators
Syntactical

shortcuts Before being assigned values, variables have value undef

Constants
Named values define function

PHP Operators

Arithmetic Operators Assignment Operators Incrementing/Decrementing Operators Comparison Operators Logical Operators

Arithmetic Operators
Operator Name Description Example Result x+y x-y Addition Subtraction Sum of x and y Difference of x and y 2+2 5-2 4 3

x*y

Multiplication

Product of x and y

5*2

10

x/y

Division

Quotient of x and y

15 / 5

x%y

Modulus

Remainder of x divided by y

5%2 10 % 8 10 % 2 -2 "Hi" . "Ha"

1 2 0

-x a.b

Negation Concatenation

Opposite of x Concatenate two strings

HiHa

Assignment Operators
Assignme nt x=y Same as... x=y Description The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right

x += y

x=x+y

Addition

x -= y
x *= y

x=x-y
x=x*y

Subtraction
Multiplication

x /= y
x %= y

x=x/y
x=x%y

Division
Modulus

a .= b

a=a.b

Concatenate two strings

Arithmetic Operations
<?php $a=15; $b=30; $total=$a+$b; echo $total; echo<p><h1>$total</h1>; // total is 45 ?>

$a - $b $a * $b $a / $b $a += 5

// subtraction // multiplication // division // $a = $a+5 Also works for *= and /=

Incrementing/Decrementing Operators
Operator Name Description

++ x

Pre-increment

Increments x by one, then returns x

x ++

Post-increment

Returns x, then increments x by one

-- x

Pre-decrement

Decrements x by one, then returns x

x --

Post-decrement

Returns x, then decrements x by one

Arithmetic Operations
<?php $a =1; echo $a++; // output 1,$a is now equal to 2 echo ++$a; // output 3,$a is now equal to 3 echo --$a; // output 2,$a is now equal to 2 echo $a--; // output 2,$a is now equal to 1

?>

Arithmetic Operations
<?php

$num1 = 10;
$num2 =20; // addition echo $num1+$mum2 . <br>; //subtraction echo $num1 - $num2 . <br>; // multiplication ?>

Arithmetic Operations
<?php // Multiplication echo $num1* $num2 . <br>; // Division

Echo $num1/num2 . <br> ;

//increment $num1++; $Num2--; Echo $num1; ?>

Arithmetic Operations

<?php $a =(int)(test); // $a==0 echo ++$a;

?>

Dumps information about a variable

void var_dump ($expression [,... ] )

This function displays structured information about one or more expressions

that includes its type and value. Arrays and objects are explored recursively with values indented to show structure. <?php $b = 3.1; $c = true; var_dump($b); var_dump($c); //or var_dump($b,$c); ?>

float 3.1 boolean true

Comparison Operators
Operator x == y x === y Name Equal Identical Description True if x is equal to y True if x is equal to y, and they are of same type True if x is not equal to y True if x is not equal to y True if x is not equal to y, or they are not of same type True if x is greater than y True if x is less than y Example 5==8 returns false 5==="5" returns false

x != y x <> y x !== y

Not equal Not equal Not identical

5!=8 returns true 5<>8 returns true 5!=="5" returns true

x>y x<y

Greater than Less than

5>8 returns false 5<8 returns true

x >= y

Greater than or equal to

Less than or equal to

True if x is greater than or equal to y

5>=8 returns false

x <= y

True if x is less than or equal to y

5<=8 returns true

Comparison Operators
<?php var_dump(0 == "a"); // 0 == 0 -> true var_dump("1" != "01"); // 1 != 1 -> false var_dump("10" == "1e1"); // 10 == 10 -> true var_dump("10" == "1ee1"); // 10 == 1 -> false var_dump(100 === "100"); // 100 == 100 -> false boolean true boolean false boolean true boolean false boolean false boolean true

var_dump("100" === "100"); // 100 == 100 -> true

?>

Logical Operators
Operator x and y Name And Description True if both x and y are true Example x=6 y=3 (x < 10 and y > 1) returns true x=6 y=3 (x==6 or y==5) returns true x=6 y=3 (x==6 xor y==3) returns false x=6 y=3 (x < 10 && y > 1) returns true

x or y

Or

True if either or both x and y are true

x xor y

Xor

True if either x or y is true, but not both

x && y

And

True if both x and y are true

x || y

Or

True if either or both x and y are true

x=6 y=3 (x==5 || y==5) returns false

x=6 y=3 !(x==y) returns true

!x

Not

True if x is not true

Logical Operators
<?php $a = (false && true); $b = (true || false); $c = (false and flase); $d = (true or true); boolean true boolean false boolean false boolean true

$e = false || true;
$f = false or true; var_dump($e, $f); $g = true && false; $h = true and false; var_dump($g, $h); ?>

Define function - constant VALUE

define( variable name as string , value );

Variable name as string : the name of variable in single or double

quotation .

<?php define(variable ,10); echo variable ; //10 ?>

Define function - constant VALUE

<?php
$a = 5;
print( "The value of variable a is $a <br />" );

// define constant VALUE define( "VALUE", 5 ); // add constant VALUE to variable $a $a = $a + VALUE; print( "Variable a after adding constant VALUE is $a <br />" );

Define function - constant VALUE

// multiply variable $a by 2 $a *= 2; print( "Multiplying variable a by 2 yields $a <br />" ); // test if variable $a is less than 50 if ( $a < 50 ) print( "Variable a is less than 50 <br />" ); // add 40 to variable $a $a += 40; print( "Variable a after adding 40 is $a <br />" ); // test if variable $a is 50 or less if ( $a < 51 ) print( "Variable a is still 50 or less<br />" ); // test if variable $a is between 50 and 100, inclusive elseif ( $a < 101 ) print( "Variable a is now between 50 and 100, inclusive<br />" ); else print( "Variable a is now greater than 100<br />" );

Define function - constant VALUE

// print an uninitialized variable

print( "Using a variable before initializing:

$nothing <br />" ); // add constant VALUE to an uninitialized variable $test = $num + VALUE; print( "An uninitialized variable plus constant VALUE yields $test <br />" );

// add a string to an integer $str = "3 dollars";

$a += $str;
print( "Adding a string to variable a yields $a <br />" ); ?>

Referencing Operators

We know the assignment operators work by value ,by copy the value to

other expression ,if the value in right hand change the value in left is not

change .

Ex:

<?php
$a =10; $b =$a; $b =20 Echo $a; // 10 ?>

Referencing Operators

But we can change the value of variable $a by the reference , that mena

connect right hand to left hand ,

Example: <?php

$a =10;
$b = &$a; $b= 20; echo $a; // 20 ?>

PHP Conditional Statements

Very often when you write code, you want to perform different

actions for different decisions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this.

In PHP we have the following conditional statements:

if statement - executes some code only if a specified condition is true if...else statement - executes some code if a condition is true and another code if the condition is false if...else if....else statement - selects one of several blocks of code to be executed switch statement - selects one of many blocks of code to be executed

The if Statement
The if statement is used to execute some code only if a specified condition

is true.
if (condition) { code to be executed if condition is true; }

<?php $t=5; if ($t<10) { echo "hello john"; } ?>

hello john

The if...else Statement

Use the if....else statement to execute some code if a condition is true and

another code if the condition is false.

if (condition) { code to be executed if condition is true; } else { code to be executed if condition is false; }

The if...else Statement

<?php $t=55; if ($t<20) { echo "Have a good day!"; } else { echo "Have a good night!"; } ?> Have a good night!

The if...else if....else Statement

Use the if....else if...else statement to select one of several blocks of code to

be executed.

if (condition) { code to be executed if condition is true; } else if (condition) { code to be executed if condition is true; } else { code to be executed if condition is false; }

The if...else if....else Statement

<?php $t=7; if ($t<10) { echo "Have a good morning!"; } else if ($t<20) { echo "Have a good day!"; } else { echo "Have a good night!"; } ?>

Have a good morning!

The switch Statement

Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks of code to be

executed.
switch (n) { case label1: code to be executed if n=label1; break; case label2: code to be executed if n=label2; break; default: code to be executed if n is different from both label1 and label2; }

The switch Statement

<?php
$favcolor="red"; switch ($favcolor) { case "red": echo "Your favorite color is red!"; break; case "blue": echo "Your favorite color is blue!"; break; Your favorite color is red! case "green": echo "Your favorite color is green!"; break; default: echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, or green!"; }

?>

PHP Loops
Loops execute a block of code a specified number of times, or while a

specified condition is true.

In PHP, we have the following looping statements: while - loops through a block of code while a specified condition is true do...while - loops through a block of code once, and then repeats the loop as long as a specified condition is true for - loops through a block of code a specified number of times foreach - loops through a block of code for each element in an array

The while Loop

The while loop executes a block of code while a condition is true.

while (condition) { code to be executed; }

<?php $i=1; while($i<=5) { echo "The number is " . $i . "<br>"; $i++; } ?>

The number is 1 The number is 2 The number is 3 The number is 4 The number is 5

The do...while Statement

The do...while statement will always execute the block of code once, it will

then check the condition, and repeat the loop while the condition is true.

do { code to be executed; } <?php while (condition);

$i=1; The number do { The number $i++; The number echo "The number is " . $i . "<br>"; The number } The number while ($i<=5);

is 2 is 3 is 4 is 5 is 6

?>

The do...while Statement

<?php $i=1; do { $i++; echo "The number is " . $i . "<br>"; } while ($i<=5); ?>

The number is 2 The number is 3 The number is 4 The number is 5 The number is 6

The for Loop

The for loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script

should run. for (init; condition; increment) { code to be executed; }

Parameters: init: Mostly used to set a counter (but can be any code to be executed once at the beginning of the loop)

The for Loop

condition: Evaluated for each loop iteration. If it evaluates to

TRUE, the loop continues. If it evaluates to FALSE, the loop

ends. increment: Mostly used to increment a counter (but can be any

code to be executed at the end of the iteration)

Note: The init and increment parameters above can be empty or have multiple expressions (separated by commas).

The for Loop

<?php for ($i=1; $i<=5; $i++) { echo "The number is " . $i . "<br>"; } ?> The number is 1 The number is 2 The number is 3 The number is 4 The number is 5

The foreach Loop

The foreach loop is used to loop through arrays. We well talk about this in chapter array

Isset Function
bool isset ( $var ) Determine if a variable is set and is not NULL. If a variable has been unset with unset(), it will no longer be set. isset() will return FALSE if testing a variable that has been set to NULL. Also note that a NULLbyte ("\0") is not equivalent to the PHP NULL constant. If multiple parameters are supplied then isset() will return TRUE only if all of the parameters are set. Evaluation goes from left to right and stops as soon

as an unset variable is encountered.

Isset Function
<?php $var = ''; // This will evaluate to TRUE so the text will be printed.

if (isset($var))
{ echo "This var is set so I will print.";

}
?>

Unset Function
void unset ( $var) unset() destroys the specified variables. The behavior of unset() inside of a function can vary depending on what type of variable you are attempting to destroy. If a globalized variable is unset() inside of a function, only the local variable is destroyed. The variable in the calling environment will retain the same value as before unset() was called.

unset Function
<?php
$foo = 'bar'; echo $foo; unset($foo); echo $foo; ?>

Info PHP Page

<?php

phpinfo();
?>

Goto
<?php goto a; echo 'Foo'; a: echo 'Bar'; ?> <?php for($i=0,$j=50; $i<100; $i++) { while($j--) { if($j==17) goto end; } } echo "i = $i"; end: echo 'j hit 17'; ?>

Chapter Example

if/else if/else statement

<?php
if ($foo == 0) {

echo The variable foo is equal to 0;

} else if (($foo > 0) && ($foo <= 5)) { echo The variable foo is between 1 and 5;

}
else { echo The variable foo is equal to .$foo; }

?>

Switch Statment
<?php $count=0; switch($count) { case 0: echo hello PHP3. ; break; case 1: echo hello PHP4. ; break; default: echo hello PHP5. ; break; } ?>

hello PHP3

Switch - Example
<?php $total = 0; $i = 2; switch($i) { case 6: $total = 99; break; case 1: $total += 1;break; case 2:$total += 2;break; case 3: $total += 3; ;break; case 4:$total += 4; break; default : $total += 5;break; } echo $total; ?>

For Loop
<?php $count=0; for($count = 0;$count <3,$count++) { Print hello PHP. ; } ?>

hello PHP. hello PHP. hello PHP.

For - Example
<?php for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) { echo $i; }

?>

For-Example
<?php $brush_price = 5; echo "<table border=\"1\" align=\"center\">"; echo "<tr><th>Quantity</th>"; echo "<th>Price</th></tr>"; for ( $counter = 10; $counter <= 100; $counter += 10) { echo "<tr><td>"; echo $counter; echo "</td><td>"; echo $brush_price * $counter; echo "</td></tr>"; } echo "</table>"; ?>

While Loop
<?php $count=0; while($count<3) { echo hello PHP. ; $count += 1; // $count = $count + 1; // or // $count++; } ?>

hello PHP. hello PHP. hello PHP.

While - Example
<?php $i = 0; while ($i++ < 5) { echo loop number : .$i; } ?>

Do ... While Loop

<?php $count=0; do { echo hello PHP. ; $count += 1; // $count = $count + 1; // or // $count++; } while($count<3); ?>

hello PHP. hello PHP. hello PHP.

Do..While
<?php $i = 0; do { echo $i; } while ($i > 0); ?>

For..If
<?php $rows = 4; echo '<table><tr>'; for($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++){ echo '<td>' . $i . '</td>'; if(($i + 1) % $rows == 0){ echo '</tr><tr>';

}
} echo '</tr></table>'; ?>

For
<?php //this is a different way to use the 'for' //Essa uma maneira diferente de usar o 'for' for($i = $x = $z = 1; $i <= 10;$i++,$x+=2,$z=&$p){ $p = $i + $x;

echo "\$i = $i , \$x = $x , \$z = $z <br />";

} ?>

Nested For
<?php for($a=0;$a<10;$a++){ for($b=0;$b<10;$b++){ for($c=0;$c<10;$c++){ for($d=0;$d<10;$d++){ echo $a.$b.$c.$d.", "; } } } } ?>

While - Switch
<?php $i = 0; while (++$i) { switch ($i) { case 5: echo "At 5<br />\n"; break 1; /* Exit only the switch. */ case 10: echo "At 10; quitting<br />\n"; break 2; /* Exit the switch and the while. */ default: break; } } ?>

Continue
<?php for ($i = 0; $i < 5; ++$i) { if ($i == 2) continue print "$i\n"; } ?>

If - Switch
<?php $i = 1; if ($i == 0) { echo "i equals } elseif ($i == 1) echo "i equals } elseif ($i == 2) echo "i equals } 0"; { 1"; { 2";

switch ($i) { case 0: echo "i equals 0"; break; case 1: echo "i equals 1"; break; case 2: echo "i equals 2"; break; } ?>

Do..While - IF
<?php do { if ($i < 5) { echo "i is not big enough"; break; } $i *= $factor; if ($i < $minimum_limit) { break; } echo "i is ok"; /* process i */ } while (0); ?>

If in other style
<?php $hour = 11; echo $foo = ($hour < 12) ? "Good morning!" : "Good afternoon!"; ?>