The

elevator is a type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people or goods between floors of a building. design by the German engineer Konrad Kyeser (1405).

Elevator

INTRODUCTION

In some literary sources of later historical periods, elevators were mentioned as cabs on a hemp rope and powered by hand or by animals. It is supposed that elevators of this type were installed in the Sinai monastery of Egypt. first electric elevator was built by Werner von Siemens in 1880 in Germany.

The

DESIGN:
An

elevator is essentially a platform that is either pulled or pushed up by a mechanical means. modern day elevator consists of a cab (also called a "cage" or "car") mounted on a platform within an enclosed space called a shaft or sometimes a "hoistway".

DESIGN:
In

the past, elevator drive mechanisms were powered by steam and water hydraulic pistons or by hand. weight of the car is balanced by a counterweight. innovations include permanent magnet motors, machine room-less rail mounted gearless machines, and microprocessor controls.

The

Recent

Elevator doors protect riders from falling into the shaft.

The most common configuration is to have two panels that meet in the middle, and slide open laterally.

In less expensive installations the elevator can also use one large "slab" door: a single panel door . Some buildings have elevators with the single door on the shaft way, and double cascading doors on the cab.

MACHINE ROOM LESS ELEVATOR:

creates
use

more usable space.

less energy (70-80% less than hydraulic elevators). no oil.

uses

slightly lower cost than other elevators. can operate at faster speeds than hydraulics but not normal traction units.

CONTROLLING ELEVATORS:
Elevators

were operated by a motor controller.

More typically the operator would have to "jog" the control to get the elevator reasonably close to the landing point . Most older manually controlled elevators have been retrofitted with automatic or semi-automatic controls.

Automatic elevators began to appear as early as the 1930s.

Overload sensor prevents the elevator from moving until excess load has been removed. It may trigger a voice prompt or buzzer alarm.
Electric fans or air conditioning units to enhance circulation and comfort. Call buttons to choose a floor. Some of these may be key switches. An alarm button or switch, which passengers can use to signal that they have been trapped in the elevator.

GENERAL CONTROL:

An elevator telephone , which can be used (in addition to the alarm) by a trapped passenger to call for help. Hold button: This button delays the door closing timer, useful for loading freight and hospital beds.

Call cancellation: A destination floor may be deselected by double clicking. Security camera
Plain walls or mirrored walls giving the illusion of larger area Glass windowpane providing a view of the building interior or onto the streets.

Characteristics of premises: 1.Type and use of building 2.Floor plate size and height of building 3.Size of population and its distribution in the premises. 4.Fire safety and regulations. 5.The house keeping of the premises. Circulation efficiency: 1.no.of cars and their capacity. 2.Location and configuration of elevators in the entrance lobby. 3.Travel length , no.of stops and maximum acceptable waiting time. 4.Arrangement with the combination of elevator $ escalator.

Characteristics of the equipment: 1.type of transportation systems. 2.Rated load and car dimensions 3.The speed of the lift or escalator system. 4.The type of motor device control system of machine. 5.Mode of group supervisory control and safety features. 6.Cab enclosure and hoist way door finishes. 7.Emergency power supplies and fire protection systems 8.Requirements of the local regulations on a vertical transport system

COMPANIES:
OTIS

- USA - FINELAND - SWITZERLAND

KONE SCHINDLER

MITSUBISHI
FEITER THYSSON METRO ELEVATORS EXPRESS LIFTS AXIS ELEVATORS VOLTOS ELEVATORS

- JAPAN
- JAPAN - GERMANY

 PASSENGER
CAPSULE HOSPITAL

LIFTS

LIFTS BED LIFTS

GOODS

LIFTS

PASSENGER SERVICE LIFTS:

A PASSENGER ELEVATOR IS DESIGNED TO MOVE PEOPLE BETWEEN A BUILDING'S FLOORS. PASSENGER ELEVATORS CAPACITY IS RELATED TO THE AVAILABLE FLOOR SPACE. GENERALLY PASSENGER ELEVATORS ARE AVAILABLE IN CAPACITIES FROM 1,000 TO 6,000 POUNDS (4502,700 KG) IN 500 POUNDS (230 KG) INCREMENTS. THERE ARE SEVERAL TYPES OF PASSENGER LIFTS DEPENDING UPON THE UTILITY AND SPACE GIVEN IN THE PARTICULAR BUILDING. THEY ARE OF VARIOUS SIZES AND SHAPES DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF BUILDING AND STRUCTURAL STRENGTH. THEY MAYBE MADE OF GLASS. , OPAQUE, ENTIRELY CLOSED ETC

PASSENGER SERVICE LIFTS- TYPES: PASSENGER ELEVATORS MAY BE SPECIALIZED FOR THE SERVICE THEY PERFORM, INCLUDING: HOSPITAL EMERGENCY (CODE BLUE), FRONT AND REAR ENTRANCES, A TELEVISION IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS, DOUBLE DECKER, AND OTHER USES. CARS MAY BE ORNATE IN THEIR INTERIOR APPEARANCE, MAY HAVE AUDIO VISUAL ADVERTISING, AND MAY BE PROVIDED WITH SPECIALIZED RECORDED VOICE ANNOUNCEMENTS.

ELEVATORS MAY ALSO HAVE LOUDSPEAKERS IN THEM TO PLAY CALM, EASY LISTENING MUSIC. SUCH MUSIC IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS ELEVATOR MUSIC.
AN EXPRESS ELEVATOR DOES NOT SERVE ALL FLOORS. FOR EXAMPLE, IT MOVES BETWEEN THE GROUND FLOOR AND A SKYLOBBY, OR IT MOVES FROM THE GROUND FLOOR OR A SKYLOBBY TO A

PASSENGER SERVICE LIFTS- TYPES:

CLOSED LIFTS

GLASS LIFTS

OLDER MODEL OF PASSENGER LIFTS

PASSENGER SERVICE LIFTS-CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING:

PASSENGER LIFTS WORK BY EITHER THE USE OF A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OR A ROPE SYSTEM. IN THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM, THE CAR IS LIFTED USING A HYDRAULIC RAM AND A FLUID-DRIVEN PISTON MOUNTED INSIDE A CYLINDER. THIS SYSTEM HAS THREE PARTS; A FLUID RESERVOIR, A VALVE BETWEEN THE CYLINDER AND THE RESERVOIR AND A PUMP. THE PUMP IS USED TO FORCE FLUID INTO A VALVE WHICH IS CONNECTED TO THE CAR AND WHEN IT IS PUMPED IT PUSHES UP THE CAR. THE ROPE SYSTEM USES PULLEYS CONNECTED TO THE TOP OF THE CAR THAT

PASSENGER SERVICE LIFTS- MAIN COMPONENTS: THE STANDARD ELEVATORS WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING BASIC COMPONENTS: 1.CAR. 2.HOISTWAY. 3.MACHINE/DRIVE SYSTEM. 4.CONTROL SYSTEM. 5.SAFETY SYSTEM. ELEVATOR CAR IS THE VEHICLE THAT TRAVELS BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT ELEVATOR STOPS CARRYING PASSENGERS AND/OR GOODS, IT IS USUALLY A HEAVY STEEL FRAME SURROUNDING A CAGE OF METAL AND WOOD PANELS. HOISTWAY IS THE SPACE ENCLOSED BY FIREPROOF WALLS AND ELEVATOR DOORS FOR THE TRAVEL OF ONE OR MORE ELEVATORS, DUMBWAITERS OR MATERIAL LIFTS. IT INCLUDES THE PIT AND TERMINATES AT THE UNDERSIDE OF THE OVERHEAD MACHINERY SPACE FLOOR OR GRATING OR AT THE UNDERSIDE OF THE ROOF WHERE THE HOISTWAY DOES NOT PENETRATE THE ROOF.

TYPES OF LIFT CARS:

HOISTWAY:

A SIMPLE DEFINITION FOR THE HOISTWAY IS THE SHAFT THAT ENCOMPASSES THE ELEVATOR CAR.

PASSENGER SERVICE LIFTS- CAPACITY CALCULATIONS: PASSENGER ELEVATORS CAPACITY IS RELATED TO THE AVAILABLE FLOOR SPACE. GENERALLY PASSENGER ELEVATORS ARE AVAILABLE IN CAPACITIES FROM 1,000 TO 6,000 POUNDS (4502,700 KG) IN 500 POUNDS (230 KG) INCREMENTS. GENERALLY PASSENGER ELEVATORS IN BUILDINGS EIGHT FLOORS OR LESS ARE HYDRAULIC OR ELECTRIC, WHICH CAN REACH SPEEDS UP TO 200 FEET PER MINUTE (1.0 M/S) HYDRAULIC AND UP TO 500 FEET PER MINUTE (150 M/MIN) ELECTRIC. IN BUILDINGS UP TO TEN FLOORS, ELECTRIC AND GEARLESS ELEVATORS ARE LIKELY TO HAVE SPEEDS UP TO 500 FEET PER MINUTE (2.5 M/S), ABOVE TEN FLOORS SPEEDS BEGIN AT 500 FEET PER MINUTE (2.5 M/S) UP TO 2,000 FEET PER MINUTE (10 M/S)

PASSENGER SERVICE LIFTS- STANDARDS :

Bed lifts are the ideal solution for any type of health and medical centre, nursing home, clinic, and hospitals of any size. Capacity ranges from 1000kg/13 person to 2500kg/33 person and is designed for the safe vertical movement of patients in trolleys and beds with medical equipment and assistants. Rated speeds are available from 0.5m/s to 1.6m/s with side or centre opening doors in single entry (0 degree) and thru car (180 degree) entrance arrangements

GOODS LIFTS (SCISSOR TYPE)

Model

Capacity (Kgs)

Platform Size (mm) LXB

Vertical Travel (mm) B=C-A

Min (Lowered) height (mm) A

Max height (mm) C

SINGLE SINGLE DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE TRIPLE TRIPLE FOUR FOUR

2000 1000 2000 1000 1000 2000 1000 3000 7500

5000 X 2900 5400 X 2500 2040 X 780 3300 X 2700 4000 X 2750 2900 X 2000 2200 X 1500 2600 X 1500 1600 X 1200

3000 3200 2500 3960 3200 3800 2700 4500 3650

1000 600 600 650 1000 1200 1000 1500 1050

4000 3800 3100 4610 4200 5000 3700 6000 4700

FIVE

500

3100 X 1200

7750

2250

10000

Capacity : 500 kgs Max Platform Height (mm) : 3400 mm Min Platform Height (mm) : 125 mm

Platform Size : 1000 X 1000 mm

Operation : 415 V AC

Model

Capacity (Kgs)

Platform Size (mm) LXB

Vertical Travel (mm) B=C-A

Min (Lowered) height (mm) A

Max height (mm) C

500 250 2000

1200 X 1200 1000 X 1000 1050 X 1200

3800 3400 5040

120 100 160

3900 3500 5200

Goods Lifts are suitable to move any type of material from one floor to other floors. They can be made in different capacities ranging from 100 kgs to 5000 kgs.

Features at a glance Maximum load up to 2000kg Flexible platform sizes available to suit individual requirements Ideal for low rise travel Low pit requirements (from 90mm) Enclosed platform with half height sides gives safe and secure movement of goods Hardwearing finishes for excellent durability Choice of entrance configurations Minimal builders work required Fast delivery and installation time

VARIOUS COMPANIES WHO MANUFACTURE LIFTS OR JHONSON COMPANY LIFTS ELEATORS:

TYPES OF JHONSON COMPANY LIFTS M A N U A L D O O R S MANUAL DOORS AUTOMATIC DOORS SPECIALITY LIFTS A U T O M A T I C D O O R S S P E C I A L I T Y L I F T S

Basic Max 8 Passengers, Upto 8 floors Evergreen Standard Max 6 Passengers, Upto 6 floors Powersaving VVVF Drive Built-in Rescue Device Evergreen Super Max 8 Passengers, Upto 8 floors Powersaving VVVF Drive Built-in Rescue Device

Enduronic
Max 26 Passengers, Upto 30 floors Class leading product with all the latest options

Scenic Lifts
Max 20 Passengers, Upto 30 floors Capsule Lifts in 5 designs

Kranti
Max 8 Passengers, Upto 15 floors Lifts with no machine-room on top

Sukranti - Freedom of Expression

Max 16 passengers, up to 30 floors Lift minus machine room

Nextra - Gearless lifts for greener buildings

Max 24 passengers, up to 30 floors Has a rare earth permanent magnet motor

Basica - The Nano in Elevators

Max 8 passengers, up to 10 floors For large-scale affordable housing projects

Hospital Lifts

Freight Lifts

Tusker Car Lifts

LIFT MODEL-Evergreen Standard SPECIAL FEATURES-Energy saving VVVF controller. Built-in Rescue Device during power interruptions. TYPE-Passenger SPEED-0.50 metres/second. CAPACITY-Upto 6 passengers - 408 kgs. (max.). NUMBER OF FLOORS-Maximum of 5 floors. CONTROL-DOWN COLLECTIVE DRIVE- Microprocessor-based VVVF CAR- MS steel (baked enamel paintwork) / prelaminated board. PVC flooring.

CAR DOORS-Manually operated: MS folding shutter with MS gate /MS collapsible gate. LANDING DOORS-Manually operated: MS folding shutter with MS gate /MS collapsible gate. POWER SUPPLY-Single-phase, 230 volts AC.Built-in voltage stabilizer to function even upto 180 volts.Can be run on portable generator. OTHER FEATURES-Automatic bilingual door open voice annunciator. Car fan and light. Battery operated emergency alarm and light.Direction and position indicators in Car and Landings

 Passengers

Liftwell size (in mm) 1600 x 1400

Car size(in mm) 1200 x 940

6
5 4

1800 x 1250
1600 x 1250 1500 x 1150

1400 x 800
1200 x 800 1100 x 700

 MS

folding shutter: 750 X 2000 mm. MS collapsible gate: 800 x 2000 mm. Minimum head room: 3800 mm. Minimum lift pit depth: 1350 mm after plastering. Machine room height: 2000 mm.

Hydraulic Mitsubishi Electric hydraulic elevators offer a wide selection of standard and fully customizable designs.
Machine-Room-Less Our Diamond-Trac machine-room-less elevator provides technological advances that deliver a world-class ride in terms of comfort, reliability and safety.

 High

Speed Mitsubishi Electric GPM-III elevators use advances in core technology to realize optimum performance and operation efficiency.

Mitsubishi Electric hydraulic elevators offer a wide selection of standard Fully customizable designs From the simplest to the most complex applications. quality are inherent in every component, ensuring smooth installation and dependable performance. Our streamlined manufacturing process and inventory supply system accommodate even the most challenging schedules.

affordable quality without compromising technology or reliability. standard finishes and designs, highquality components at substantial savings. Numerous styles are available in a variety finishes and colors to match virtually any buildings image. Available in both holed and hole-less configurations.

Machine-Room-Less Mitsubishi Electric elevator quality is constantly evolving, and technological advances that deliver a world-class ride. Reduced Torque Ripple for a Comfortable, Smooth Ride gearless traction machine with the new PM (permanent magnet) motor is packed with cutting-edge technology, such as our unique stator-core structure and built-in double brakes. This optimized motor design dramatically reduces the level of torque ripple for a smooth and quiet ride.

 Ensuring that Quality Remains First Rate Mitsubishi Electric elevators include features

designed to reduce the need for maintenance -- such as double brakes built into the PM motor. Our highly trained service personnel continually ensure that our elevators run smoothly and safely. When maintenance or service is needed, equipment in the top of the hoistway is easily accessible from the maintenance platform on top of the elevator cage.

Advanced Door Controls VVVF (Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) Inverter Control has been adopted to ensure smooth, quiet door operation, enhancing passenger safety and product reliability. Our innovative door operation system uses "one-chip RISC microcomputer" to detect variations in the door load, the strength of the wind and even sediment in the sill grooves, on each floor. It adjusts the door opening and closing speeds, as well as the door motor torque at each floor using the Auto Tuning function. The learning-capable Door Load Detector immediately reverses the doors when abnormal load is detected. High-Speed Computer Processor The high-accumulation LSI integrating digital control circuitry has significantly increased the speed of the computer processing, enabling precise control of the traction motor during acceleration and deceleration. This innovation delivers a quality ride with the least noise and vibration. .

Innovative Technology Enhances Efficiency and Reliability More technological advances, such as the highaccumulation LSI and low-noise PWM inverter, enable the VVVF inverter to deliver smooth, high-precision control of the traction machine. In addition, the IPU (Integrated Power Unit) acts as a high-efficiency power supply circuit for the motor drive and, along with the PM motor, delivers greater energy savings. The adoption of the low-noise IGBT with faster switching speeds also contributes to noise reduction. The slim control panel manages advanced technologies such as VVVF, PWM and IPU

HIGH SPEED PASSENGER ELEVATORS; Mitsubishi Electric produces some of the most technology innovative elevators in the world. Our elevators continue to establish industry benchmarks for quality, and consistently set new standards for performance and reliability. The series GPM-III elevators exhibit this philosophy in every detail of design and concept. Futuristic Key Technology Series GPM-III elevators use advances in core technology to realize optimum performance and efficiency. The advances include new gearless traction machines with a PM (Permanent Magnet) motor*, VVVF (Variable Voltage, Variable Frequency) Inverters, AI (Artificial Intelligence), and Data Network Systems. *1 PM motor is applied to elevators with rated speed of 400fpm and higher.

Intelligent Door System An advanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) microprocessor and VVVF inverters also control the elevator doors. This intelligent system detects the actual door load conditions at each floor and automatically adjusts the door speed and torque as needed. The result is stable, sensitive door openings and closings. Variety of Features and Functions Standard and optional features and functions are available with Series GPMIII to improve passenger safety and comfort, and to simplify building management.

Machine-Roomless Elevators This revolutionary elevator system is based on the first major breakthrough in lifting technology in nearly 100 years. Designed for buildings between about two and 30 stories, this system employs a smaller sheave than conventional geared and gearless elevators. The reduced sheave size, together with a redesigned machine, allows the machine to be mounted within the hoistway itselfeliminating the need for a bulky machine room on the roof.

Just as unique are the flat polyurethane-coated steel belts, an Otis invention for the Gen2 elevator system, that replace the heavy, woven steel cables that have been the industry standard since the 1800s. The belts make the smaller sheave possible. They are only 0.1 inch (3 mm) thick, yet they are as strong as woven steel cables and far more durable, flexible and space-saving.

SUMANDAS. SALEEM PASHA AYESHA. CHANDRAKANTH. AKASH. THEJASWINI. NAGESHWARI.