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Modul E4160 Unit 2 Mikrocontroller Mikro Processor

This document provides an introduction and overview of microcontrollers. It discusses that a microcontroller contains a processor core, memory, and I/O capabilities integrated into a single chip. It then compares the block diagrams and components of microprocessors versus microcontrollers. Examples are given of popular 8-bit and 16-bit microcontroller families such as the Motorola 68HC11, Intel 8051, and Atmel AVR. The advantages of using microcontrollers are their low cost, low power usage, compatibility across variants, and constant improvements through advances in silicon design.

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RAJA ARIF SHAH BIN RAJA OSMAN
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2K views12 pages

Modul E4160 Unit 2 Mikrocontroller Mikro Processor

This document provides an introduction and overview of microcontrollers. It discusses that a microcontroller contains a processor core, memory, and I/O capabilities integrated into a single chip. It then compares the block diagrams and components of microprocessors versus microcontrollers. Examples are given of popular 8-bit and 16-bit microcontroller families such as the Motorola 68HC11, Intel 8051, and Atmel AVR. The advantages of using microcontrollers are their low cost, low power usage, compatibility across variants, and constant improvements through advances in silicon design.

Uploaded by

RAJA ARIF SHAH BIN RAJA OSMAN
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction To Microcontrollers

DataBus ALU
AccessLogic
Address
Control Logic
Registers
Interrupt&
Control Logic
(E)EPROM/
Flash
Microprocessor Microprocessor
Core
SRAM

Peripheral I/O
Logic

Microcontroller

1
What is a Microcontroller ?

• A microcontroller is a single chip microprocessor


system which contains:

– A processor core.
– Data and program memory.
– Serial and parallel I/O.
– Timers.
– External and internal interrupt handling mechanism.

all integrated into a single chip.

2
Block Diagram of a Microprocessor

• A microprocessor consists of an ALU to perform


arithmetic and logic manipulations, registers, and a
control unit.

• In addition,
its has some
interfaces to
the outside
world in the
form of busses.

• What is missing?
– Memory and the peripherals.
3
Block Diagram Of A Microcomputer

• Too much.
– For the limited applications intended, this system has
too much of everything.
• Meaning – too expensive.
4
Block Diagram Of A Microcontroller
• It is the specialized circuitry compared to the
microprocessor that makes the microcontroller such a
unique device.

• The microcontroller
operates on data that
is fed in through its
serial or parallel input
ports controlled by
the software stored
in the on-chip
memory.

5
Example Of 8 bit & 16 bit Microcontroller
•µC 8 bit
•Motorola 68HC05, 68HC08, 68HC11
•Intel 8051 (dan varian spt 8031, 8751, 8052-
BASIC)
•Atmel AVR
•Microchip PIC (dan varian spt BASIC STAMP)
•Hitach H8/300, H8/300L

•µC 16 bit
•Intel 8096, 80251
•Motorola 68HC12, 68HC16
•Hitachi H8/300H, H8S
6
Example Microcontroller Families
• MC6811 from Motorola
– 8-bit stack-based architecture.
– 2 accumulators and 2 index registers.
– Built in EEPROM and RAM.
– Digital I/O.
– Timers.
– ADC.
– RS232 communication.
– Was the most powerful and flexible controller
available at introduction.
• Around 1970.
– Still very popular.
7
•The MCS-51 From Intel
• Originally introduced by Intel in 1981.
– Currently, the most widely used microcontroller.
– 8-bit processor.
– 2 distinct separately addressable memory areas.
• Maximum of 64K on-chip ROM.
– Usually 0 to 4K.
• Maximum of 64K external data memory.
• Maximum of 64K external code memory.
• Basic version (8051) contains:
– 4K Bytes of on-chip ROM instruction memory.
– 128 Bytes of on-chip RAM for temporary data storage
and the stack.
– 2 timers, one serial port, and four 8-bit parallel I/O ports.
– Speeds starting from12 MHz.
8
The 8051 Microcontroller Internals

9
Advantages of using microcontrollers
• Fast and effective
– The architecture correlates closely with the problem being
solved (control systems).
• Low cost / Low power
– High level of system integration within one component.
– Only a handful of components needed to create a working
system.
• Compatibility
– Opcodes and binaries are the SAME for all 80x51 variants.
• Multi-sourced
– Over 12 manufacturers, hundreds of varieties.
• Constant improvements
– Improvements in silicon/design increase speed and power
annually.

10
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