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    Analysis of Biomass and Biofuels As Source of Energy: K. Vaideesh Subbaraj Shivendra Upadhyay M. Vishwanath

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    Salman Habib
    This document summarizes technologies related to biomass and biofuels as sources of energy. It discusses various biomass and biofuel production technologies such as thermochemical platforms, sugar platforms, biorefineries, biodiesel from sources like vegetable oils and waste grease, and biomass gasification. It also discusses environmental impacts and provides an overview of biomass and biofuel production and use in countries like Brazil, the US, EU, China, and India.

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    Analysis of Biomass and Biofuels As Source of Energy: K. Vaideesh Subbaraj Shivendra Upadhyay M. Vishwanath

    Uploaded by

    Salman Habib
    16 views50 pages
    This document summarizes technologies related to biomass and biofuels as sources of energy. It discusses various biomass and biofuel production technologies such as thermochemical platforms, sugar platforms, biorefineries, biodiesel from sources like vegetable oils and waste grease, and biomass gasification. It also discusses environmental impacts and provides an overview of biomass and biofuel production and use in countries like Brazil, the US, EU, China, and India.

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    This document summarizes technologies related to biomass and biofuels as sources of energy. It discusses various biomass and biofuel production technologies such as thermochemical platforms, sugar platforms, biorefineries, biodiesel from sources like vegetable oils and waste grease, and biomass gasification. It also discusses environmental impacts and provides an overview of biomass and biofuel production and use in countries like Brazil, the US, EU, China, and India.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    16 views50 pages

    Analysis of Biomass and Biofuels As Source of Energy: K. Vaideesh Subbaraj Shivendra Upadhyay M. Vishwanath

    Uploaded by

    Salman Habib
    This document summarizes technologies related to biomass and biofuels as sources of energy. It discusses various biomass and biofuel production technologies such as thermochemical platforms, sugar platforms, biorefineries, biodiesel from sources like vegetable oils and waste grease, and biomass gasification. It also discusses environmental impacts and provides an overview of biomass and biofuel production and use in countries like Brazil, the US, EU, China, and India.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 50

    Analysis of Biomass and Biofuels as source of energy

    Guests on todays show

    With your favorite host


    Vignesh Sridharan

    K. Vaideesh Subbaraj Shivendra Upadhyay M. Vishwanath

    Technology and Environmental Impact of Biomass & Biofuels

    Technology
    Biomass technology today serves many markets

    that were developed with fossil fuels and modestly reduces their use
    Uses - Industrial process heat and steam, Electrical power generation, Transportation fuels (ethanol and biodiesel) and other products.

    Primary focus of the Biomass Program development of advanced technologies.

    Current Focus
    Platform technologies

    Sugar Platform Technology

    Thermochemical Platform Technology

    Bio-refinery
    A facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power, and chemicals from biomass.

    Analogous to today's petroleum refineries It is based on the Sugar Platform and the Thermochemical Platform

    Bio-diesel
    Made by transforming animal fat or vegetable oil with alcohol .

    Fuel is made from rapeseed (canola) oil or soybean oil or recycled restaurant grease. Directly substituted for diesel either as neat fuel or as an oxygenate additive

    Modified Waste Vegetable Fat


    Designed for general use in most compression ignition engines . The production of MWVF can be achieved in a continuous flow additive process. It can be modified in various ways to make a 'greener' form of fuel

    E-Diesel
    Uses additives in order to allow blending of ethanol with diesel.
    Ethanol blends of 7.7% to 15% and up to 5% Additives that prevent the ethanol and diesel from separating at very low temperatures or if water contamination occurs.

    Jatropha
    Biodiesel from Jatropha Seeds of the Jatropha nut is crushed and oil is extracted The oil is processed and refined to form bio-diesel.

    Gasification Technology
    Gobar gas Production
    Biogas Synthesis gas

    Gasification
    A process that uses heat, pressure, and steam to convert materials directly into a gas composed primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Gasification technologies rely four key engineering factors 1. Gasification reactor atmosphere (level of oxygen or air content). 2. Reactor design. 3. Internal and external heating. 4. Operating temperature.

    Gasification
    Typical raw materials - coal, petroleum-based materials, and organic materials. The feedstock is prepared and fed, in either dry or slurried form, into a sealed reactor chamber called a gasifier. The feedstock is subjected to high heat, pressure, and either an oxygen-rich or oxygen-starved environment within the gasifier.

    Raw Materials for Gasification

    Gasification
    Products of gasification : * Hydrocarbon gases (also called syngas). * Hydrocarbon liquids (oils). * Char (carbon black and ash). Syngas is primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen (more than 85 percent by volume) and smaller quantities of carbon dioxide and methane

    Gasifier Plant

    Gasifier Plant

    Types of Gasifiers

    Updraft Gasifier

    Types of Gasifiers

    Downdraft Gasifier

    Types of Gasifiers

    Twin-fire Gasifier

    Types of Gasifiers

    Crossdraft gas producers

    Gobar gas
    Gobar gas production is an anaerobic process Fermentation is carried out in an air tight, closed cylindrical concrete tank called a digester

    Wood
    Domestic heating with wood is still by far the largest market for bio-energy Dramatic improvements of technology in domestic heating equipment Improved tiled stoves, advanced logwood boilers, woodchip boilers, pellet boilers and pellet stoves. Pourable wood-based fuel is also available

    Tiled stoves

    Pellet Boilers and Stoves

    Logwood boiler

    Woodchip boilers

    Environmental Concerns
    Air Pollution Soil Deterioration

    Air Concerns
    Biomass processing technologies and biofuels use have the potential to increase emissions of ozone precursors o Increase in Nox emissions

    Excessive inhalation of ethanol is harmful


    Combustion of ethanol would result in increased atmospheric concentrations of carcinogens

    Emission of relatively large sized particulate matter

    Soil Concerns

    Burning biomass deprives local eco-systems of nutrients Production of dedicated energy crops renders land fallow

    Reduced land availability for cattle grazing


    Increased use of pesticides and fertilizers to produce energy crops contaminate ground and surface water

    o Affects fish and wildlife

    Environmental Benefits

    Reduction of waste Extremely low emission of greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuels Ethanol is Carbon neutral and forms a part of the carbon cycle Growing variety of crops increases bio-diversity

    Socio-Economic Benefits

    Helps developing economies by promoting agrarian communities Increase in jobs Increase in trade balance (Indian perspective) due to lesser dependence on foreign resources

    BIO FUELS
    THE WORLD SCENARIO

    BRAZIL
    World leader in production and export of ethanol. Ethanol produced per day equivalent to 200,000 barrels of gasoline. 24% blend ethanol mandatory. Competitiveness Bio diesel initiatives underway

    U.S.A.
    Ethanol : a big boost to economy E85 sells cheaper than gasoline Currently production aimed at 4.5 Billion gallons/yr MTBE phased out in many states

    Soya bean main source of biodiesel

    E.U.
    Rapeseed main source of bio diesel 3-15% blended petrol France: Bio diesel exempted from domestic tax Germany: Sales of bio diesel 99 million US gallons Rise of SVO as domestic fuel

    The Significant Others


    China: 3rd largest producer of ethanol producing 220,000 tons of ethanol, exporting 90,000 tons in 2000. In southeast Asia, the Jatropha tree is used as a significant fuel source Malaysia and Indonesia are starting pilotscale production from palm oil.

    India
    Sources of ethanol:
    Sugarcane Molasses Agricultural waste

    Low average cost of Rs.18/litre projected Annual production capacity of 1.5 Billion litres

    India (Contd.)
    Sources of biodiesel:
    Honge Jatropha

    High capital, broad scale production plan initiated Cost per liter projected at Rs. 27

    Bio Mass
    Biomass already supplies 14 % of the worlds primary energy consumption. On average, biomass produces 38 % of the primary energy in developing countries. USA: 4% of total energy from bio mass, around 9000 MW INDIA is short of 15,000 MW of energy and it costs about 25,000 crores annually for the government to import oil.

    Bio Mass from cattle manure, agricultural waste, forest residue and municipal waste. Anaerobic digestion of livestock wastes to give bio gas Digester consumes roughly one third the power its capable of producing. Fertilizers as by product. Average electricity generation of 5.5kWh per cow per day!!

    Thank You

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