Java Programming
Java Data Base Connectivity Module 6
Agenda
Introduction to JDBC Establishing Connection Executing Query Process Result Callable Statement
Objectives
At the end of this module, you will be able to: Explain how to connect to a database using Java Database Connectivity (JDBC). Create and execute a query using JDBC API. Analyze how to use the Metadata objects to retrieve more information about the database or the result set. Know the function of commit and roll back in transactions.
Introduction to JDBC
Introduction to JDBC
JDBC is an API that helps a programmer to write java programs to connect to any database, retrieve the data from the database. java.sql package contains a set of interfaces that specify the JDBC API
Architecture and Querying with JDBC
Connect
Query
Process results
Close
Stage 1: Connect
Connect
Register the driver
Query
Connect to the database
Process results
Close
Connect: A JDBC Driver
Is a set of classes and interfaces, written according to JDBC API to communicate with a database.
JDBC calls Driver
Database commands Database
Can also provide a vendors extensions to the JDBC standard
JDBC Driver (Contd.).
JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver (Type I Driver)
JDBC Driver (Contd.).
Native JDBC Driver (Type II Driver)
JDBC Drivers (Contd.).
All Java JDBC Net Drivers (Type III Driver)
JDBC Drivers (Contd.).
Native Protocol All Java Drivers (Type IV Driver)
Establishing Connection
Connect: About JDBC URL
URL represents a protocol to connect to the database
jdbc:<subprotocol>:<subname>
Protocol Subprotocol
Database identifier
jdbc:oracle:<driver>:@<database>
JDBC URLs: Examples
To connect to database using Sun jdbc-odbc driver
jdbc:odbc:jdbcoodbcDriverDsn
To connect to oracle using thin driver provided by Oracle
jdbc:oracle:thin:@<TNSNAMES entry>
How to make the Connection?
1. To register the driver is to send the driver class name as parameter for Class.forName() method
Class c = Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"); Class c = Class.forName(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
2. To connect to a database use getConnection() method
Connection conn=DriverManager.getConnection(URL,userid,password);
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection ("jdbc:oracle:thin:@myhost:1521:orcl", "scott", "tiger");
Executing Query
Stage 2: Query
Connect
Query
Create a statement
Process results
Query the database
Close
Query: The Statement Object
To execute SQL statements use Statement Object. You need an active connection to create a JDBC statement Statement object has three methods to execute a SQL statements: executeQuery() for SELECT statements executeUpdate()for INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or DDL statements execute() for either type of statement
How to Query the Database?
1. To execute SQL statement , we should first create Statement object, as: Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
2. To execute the query on the database
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery(statement); int count = stmt.executeUpdate(statement); boolean isquery = stmt.execute(statement);
Querying the Database: Examples
Following Statements are used to execute Select statement:
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery ("select NAME, VERTICAL from STUDENT");
Following Statements are used to execute Select statement:
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); int rowcount = stmt.executeUpdate ("delete from STUDENT where ID = 1000");
Process Result
Process the Results
Connect
Query Step through the results
Process results
Assign results to Java variables
Close
Process the Results: The ResultSet Object
ResultSet is an object that contains the results of executing a SQL statement. A ResultSet maintains a cursor pointing to its current row of data Use next() to step through the result set row by row To retrieve the data from the columns, we can use getXXX() method.
How to Process the Result?
1. Step through the result set
while (rset.next()) { }
2. Use getXXX() to get each column value
String val = rset.getString(colname); String val = rset.getString(colIndex);
while (rset.next()) { String name = rset.getString(NAME"); String supervisor = rset.getString(SUPERVISOR"); // Process or display the data
}
Example (Contd.).
class TestConnection{ public static void main(String args[] ) { new MakeDatabaseConnection(); } }
Quiz
1. To load a driver into the memory ____________ method is used.
2. To make a connection __________ method is used.
3. _______ method is used to create a Statement Object. 4. ____________ method is used to retrieve a String from ResultSet Object.
How to handle SQL Null values?
Java primitive types cannot have null values
Do not use a primitive type when your query might return a SQL null
Use ResultSet.wasNull() to determine whether a column has a null value
while (rset.next()) { String year = rset.getString("YEAR"); if (rset.wasNull() { // Handle null value} }
Close Connection
Connect
Query Close the result set Process results
Close the statement
Close
Close the connection
How to Close the Connection?
1. Close the ResultSet object
rset.close();
2. Close the Statement object
stmt.close();
3. Close the connection (not necessary for server-side driver)
conn.close();
The DatabaseMetaData Object
DatabaseMetaData is an interface to get comprehensive information about the database as a whole. The Connection object DatabaseMetaData object can be used to get a
This object provides more than 100 methods to obtain information about the database
How to obtain Database Metadata?
1.
To get the DatabaseMetaData Object
DatabaseMetaData dbmd = conn.getMetaData();
2. Use the objects methods to get the metadata
DatabaseMetaData dbmd = conn.getMetaData(); String s1 = dbmd getURL(); String s2 = dbmd.getSQLKeywords(); boolean b1 = dbmd.supportsTransactions(); boolean b2 = dbmd.supportsSelectForUpdate();
The ResultSetMetaData Object
ResultSetMetaData is an interface which contains methods to get information about the types and properties of the columns in the ResultSet object. ResultSetMetaData object provides metadata, including: Number of columns in the result set Column type Column name
How to obtain ResultSetMetadata?
1. To get the ResultSetMetaData object
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rset.getMetaData(); 2. Use the objects methods to get the metadata ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rset.getMetaData(); for (int i = 1; i <= rsmd.getColumnCount(); i++) { String colname = rsmd.getColumnName(i); int coltype = rsmd.getColumnType(i); }
Example
import java.sql.*; public class MetaDataEx { public static void main(String s[]) { try{ Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); Connectioncon=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:mdsn" ,"scott","tiger"); DatabaseMetaData dbmd = con.getMetaData(); String s1 = dbmd.getURL(); System.out.println(s1); String s2 = dbmd.getSQLKeywords(); System.out.println(s2); boolean b1 = dbmd.supportsTransactions(); System.out.println(b1); boolean b2 = dbmd.supportsSelectForUpdate(); System.out.println(b2); Statement st=con.createStatement();
Example (Contd.).
ResultSet rset=st.executeQuery("select ename,empno,sal,comm from emp"); ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rset.getMetaData(); System.out.println(rsmd.getColumnCount()); for (int i = 1; i <= rsmd.getColumnCount(); i++) { String colname = rsmd.getColumnName(i); System.out.println(colname); String coltype = rsmd.getColumnTypeName(i); System.out.println(coltype); } con.close(); } catch(Exception e1){System.out.println(e1); } } }
Mapping Database Types to Java Types
ResultSet maps database types to Java types. ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery ("select ID, DATE_OF_JOIN, SUPERVISOR from STUDENT"); int id = rset.getInt(1); Date rentaldate = rset.getDate(2); String status = rset.getString(3);
Col Name
ID DATE_OF_JOIN
Type
NUMBER DATE
SUPERVISOR
VARCHAR2
The PreparedStatement Object
Using PreparedStatement in place of Statement interface will improve the performance of a JDBC program. A PreparedStatement object holds precompiled SQL statements Use this object for statements you want to execute more than once A prepared statement can contain variables that you supply each time you execute the statement
How to Create a PreparedStatement?
1. Register the driver and create the database connection 2. Create the prepared statement, identifying variables with a question mark (?)
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("update STUDENT set SUPERVISOR = ? where ID = ?"); PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("select SUPERVISOR from STUDENT where ID = ?");
How to execute PreparedStatement?
1. Supply values for the variables
pstmt.setXXX(index, value);
2. Execute the statement
pstmt.executeQuery(); pstmt.executeUpdate();
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("update STUDENT set SUPERVISOR = ? Where ID = ?"); pstmt.setString(1, "OUT"); pstmt.setInt(2, id); pstmt.executeUpdate();
Example
import java.sql.*; public class PreparedStEx { private Connection con; private PreparedStatement pstmt; public PreparedStEx() { try{ Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:krishna"); st=con.createStatement(); st.executeUpdate("create table test (name char(25), id int)"); String data[][]={{"Ford","100"},{"Arthur","110"},{"Trillian","120"}, {"Zaphod","130"}}; pstmt=con.prepareStatement("insert into test(name,id) values(?,?)"); for(int i=0;i<data.length;i++){
Example (Contd.).
pstmt.setString(1,data[i][0]); pstmt.setInt(2,Integer.parseInt(data[i][1])); pstmt.executeUpdate(); } pstmt.close(); con.close(); }catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[]a ) { PreparedStEx t=new PreparedStEx(); } }
Callable Statement
The CallableStatement Object
A CallableStatement object is used for calling the stored procedure from JDBC program. A callable statement can contain variables that you supply each time you execute the call
When the stored procedure returns, computed values (if any) are retrieved through the CallableStatement object
How to Create a CallableStatement?
Register the driver and create the database connection On connection object prepareCall() method is used to call the stored procedure. Create the callable statement, identifying variables with a question mark (?)
CallableStatement cstmt = conn.prepareCall("{call " + ADDITEM + "(?,?,?)}"); cstmt.registerOutParameter(2,Types.INTEGER); cStmt.registerOutParameter(3,Types.DOUBLE);
How to execute a CallableStatement?
1. To pass the input parameters
cstmt.setXXX(index, value);
2. CallableStatement should be executed, as:
cstmt.execute();
3. To get the output parameters
var = cstmt.getXXX(index);
Example
import java.sql.*; public class ProcedureCall { public static void main(String args[]) { try{ Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver "); Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(jdbc:odbc:mds n","scott","tiger"); CallableStatement cstmt = con.prepareCall("{call " +"addnumbers" + "(?,?,?)}"); cstmt.registerOutParameter(3,Types.INTEGER); cstmt.setInt(1,Integer.parseInt(args[0])); cstmt.setInt(2,Integer.parseInt(args[1])); cstmt.execute();
Example (Contd.).
System.out.println(cstmt.getInt(3)); con.close(); }catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } }
Using Transactions
With JDBC drivers: New connections are in autocommit mode Use conn.setAutoCommit(false) to turn autocommit off To control transactions when you are not in autocommit mode: conn.commit(): Commit a transaction conn.rollback(): Roll back a transaction
Example for Creating a table
import java.sql.*; class MakeConnection { Connection con; Statement stmt; ResultSet rs; MakeConnection() { try{ Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
con=DriverManager.getConnection("Jdbc:Odbc:emp","",""); stmt = con.createStatement(); int i=stmt.executeUpdate("create table pradeep(empno integer,ename varchar(20),deptno integer)"); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } }
Example for Creating a table (Contd.).
class TestConnection1{ public static void main(String args[] ) { new MakeConnection(); } }
Example for inserting values into table
import java.sql.*; class MakeConnection { Connection con; Statement stmt; ResultSet rs; MakeConnection() { try{ Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); con=DriverManager.getConnection("Jdbc:Odbc:emp","",""); stmt = con.createStatement(); i1=stmt.executeUpdate("insert into pradeep values(1,'sakre',23)"); i2=stmt.executeUpdate(insert into pradeep values(1,'pradeep',223)"); int i3=stmt.executeUpdate(" insert into pradeep values (001,'vivek',243)");
Example for inserting values into table (Contd.).
} catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } } class TestConnection2{ public static void main(String args[] ) { new MakeConnection(); } }
Quiz
1. _____ method is used for PreparedStatement Object. 2. _________ method is used changed for auto commit mode. 3. _______ method is used for call a stored procedure from JDBC.
Summary of JDBC Classes
DriverManager
Connection
DatabaseMetaData
Statement
ResultSet
ResultSetMetaData
Summary
In this module, you were able to: Explain how to connect to a database using Java Database Connectivity (JDBC). Create and execute a query using JDBC API. Analyze how to use the Metadata objects to retrieve more information about the database or the result set. Know the function of commit and roll back in transactions.
References
1. Armstrong, E., Ball and others (2005). The J2EETM1.4 tutorial. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from, http://java.sun.com/j2ee/1.4/docs/tutorial/doc/index.html 2. Oracle (2012). JDBC Basics. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc/basics/index.html
Thank You
