Using Automatic Workload Repository for Database Tuning: Tips for Expert DBAs

Kurt Engeleiter Product Manager

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Oracle Enterprise Manager

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Complete, Open, Integrated Management for Oracle Technologies

Deep, Optimized, Best of Breed Database, Middleware, Packaged Applications, Physical and Virtual Infrastructure

Business Centric, Top Down Application Management

Complete Lifecycle Management Scalable Grid and Cloud Management
Manage many as one

Agenda

Automatic Workload Repository Infrastructure Out of the box AWR reports Active Reports

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Automatic Workload Repository (AWR )

Built-in, automatic performance statistics data warehouse
BG BG FG FG

ADDM finds top problems

MMON SYSAUX AWR Data

In-memory statistics AWR ASH Statistics

7:00 a.m. 8:00 a.m. 9:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m.

Snapshot 1 Snapshot 2 Snapshot 3 Snapshot 4

Eight days

SGA

V$
DBA

DBA_HIST%

Fundamental Concepts
DB Time
Total time in database calls by foreground sessions Includes CPU time, IO time and non-idle wait time DB Time <> response time Total DB time = sum of DB time for all active sessions

Goal: To Reduce Total DB time

Active Session
Session currently spending time in a database call, i.e., accruing DB time
DB Time Wall-Clock (Elapsed) Time

Average Active Sessions =

Average Active Sessions is a key metric for measuring DB load

Multiple Sessions
Total DB Time = Sum of DB Time Over All Sessions Avg. Active Sessions = Sum of Avg. Activity Over All Sessions =
Total Database Time Wall-Clock (Elapsed) Time

At time t we have 2 active sessions

User 1

User 2
User 3

User n

= time spent in database

TIME

AWR Data
Time Model
v$sys_time_model => dba_hist_sys_time_model DB Time Automatic Tracking of Operation Times Overall parse time (hard, soft, failed,..) SQL, PLSQL and Java overall execution times
Commit Application CPU

User I/O

Wait Model
v$system_event => dba_hist_system_event Wait Events Categorized Based On Solution Area More than 900 different wait events. 12 wait classes (Application, Concurrency..)

SQL statement statistics

v$sqlstats => dba_hist_sqlstat Resource Usage: Executions, Physical Reads, Physical Writes Efficient Top SQL identification using deltas in the kernel

OS Stats
v$osstat => dba_hist_osstat CPU + Memory

AWR Data
Snapshots
DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT Tracks Snapshots in the AWR When querying AWR, always join to other tables to constrain the time frame

AWR Data

Active Session History (ASH)

ASH is session level data Active sessions are sampled and persisted in-memory
Sampling interval = 1 second V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY Foreground and background sessions are sampled

On-disk persistence
DBA_HIST_ACTIVE_SESS_HISTORY

ASH is a system-wide trace of what happened ASH is a many-dimensional FACT table

Dimensions are V$SESSION columns Fact is that DB time was accumulating over these dimensions

Active Session History (ASH)

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DB Time

Time
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]

SID
213 213 213 213

Module
Book by author Get review id Add to cart One click

SQL ID
qa324jffritcf aferv5desfzs5 hk32pekfcbdfr abngldf95f4de

State
WAITING CPU WAITING WAITING

Event
db file sequential read

buffer busy wait log file sync

ASH
V$SESSION V$SESSION_WAIT V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY DBA_HIST_ACTIVE_SESS_HISTORY

Session State Objects Every snapshot or out of space AWR MMON Lite (MMNL) Circular buffer in SGA

AWR and ASH in Enterprise Manager

Top Activity

SQL Details

Demo
Active Session Widget

Agenda

Automatic Workload Repository Infrastructure Out of the box AWR reports Active Reports

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AWR Reporting Resources

Enterprise Manager is the preferred way to view and analyze AWR and ASH data

In addition, predefined AWR html reports are provided in each Oracle database release
Each report has a specific function and use case The following slides show the major reports and their use cases

AWR Reporting Resources

Available in
Enterprise Manager $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
REPORT NAME SQL Script

Automatic Workload Repository Report

Automatic Database Diagnostics Monitor Report ASH Report AWR Diff Periods Report AWR Single SQL Statement Report AWR Global Report AWR Global Diff Report

[Link]
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] 11gR2

How do I read an AWR report?

AWR Report
The AWR report is the most well known performance report. Oracle tuning professionals frequently start their analysis with this report. AWR report contains much data but contains no concrete recommendations for action.

Tip: Check ADDM Report When Viewing AWR Report

When viewing AWR report, always check corresponding ADDM report for actionable recommendations ADDM is a self diagnostic engine designed from the experience of Oracles best tuning experts Analyzes AWR data automatically after an AWR snapshot Makes specific performance recommendations Consistent never has a bad day ADDM also tells you what is NOT a problem

ADDM Report
ADDM lists the tuning opportunities with the highest benefit. ADDM makes specific, actionable recommendations. ADDM also lists areas of the system that are performing well that dont need tuning.

ADDM Impact Breakdown

In Oracle Database 11g Release 2, ADDM can break down the impact of its findings by several dimensions including service, and session.

Demo
ADDM

AWR Global Report - RAC

RAC AWR Report Report rewritten and renamed in Oracle Database 11.2. [Link] => [Link] All statistics from AWR placed in comparative format, along with sums, averages and standard deviations, making it easy to compare performance of RAC nodes.

AWR Global Report RAC (cont.)

In addition to all the data in a single node AWR report, the AWR Global report includes RAC specific data on global cache and interconnect performance.

My database was running fine yesterday but it is really slow today? What has changed?

Tip: Use AWR Compare Periods Report to Identify Changes in Database Performance
AWR Compare Periods Report
[Link] single instance [Link] - RAC

Compares database performance over two time periods Good for identifying what changed in performance Tip: Save AWR snapshots of time periods with good performance for reference Example:
Overall system performance resulting from database upgrade

AWR Global Compare Periods Report

Compares global RAC performance for two time ranges This report compares the performance of a two node RAC system, before and after an upgrade from Oracle Database [Link] to Oracle Database 11.2.

AWR Global Compare Periods Report (cont.)

The Load Profile shows a reduction in DB Time per second and per transaction after the upgrade overall performance has improved. The upgrade was a success.

Comparative Performance Analysis with AWR Baselines

AWR Baseline contains a set of AWR snapshots for an interesting or reference period of time Baseline are key for performance tuning to
guide set alert thresholds monitor performance compare advisor reports

Actual

Normal

AWR Baseline

User-specifiable, schedulable, e.g.: last Thanksgiving period every Monday 10am-noon for 4 Mondays Automatically captures 8-day moving window baseline for week to week comparisons (default)

time

A user complains that his session seemed to hang for a few minutes. What happened?

Tip: Use ASH for Targeted Performance Diagnostics

AWR snapshots and reports cover entire system Transient events can be averaged over a snapshot and be nonobvious from an AWR report ASH can be used for examining:
Targeted time range A specific session service wait_class client_id SQL_ID A targeted time range in combination with the above

ASH Report
Click on Run ASH Report button from performance page Select time range and dimension to report on

ASH Report:
ASH Report of a single session for a 5 minute period The session accounted for 52% of database activity for the time period The session spent 64% of the time in a concurrency wait event, 36% on CPU. There is clearly some opportunity for tuning.

Has my SQL statements performance changed over time?

AWR Individual SQL Report

AWR Report for a particular SQL Statement -[Link] Useful for researching individual SQL statement performance over time Example: Single SQL statement, before and after tuning CPU Time per execution substantially decreased tuning was successful.

Plan Statistics
Before tuning

After tuning

Migrating AWR Data

Why migrate AWR data?
To offload analysis from production database To preserve data longer than the production default retention period To do multi-database comparative analysis

Scripts are located in $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin

Action Extract data from AWR into a datapump file Load data from datapump file created by [Link] into a database SQL Script [Link] [Link]

Agenda

Automatic Workload Repository Infrastructure Out of the box AWR reports Active Reports

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Tip: Use Real-Time SQL Monitoring And Active Reports

Automatically monitors long running SQL Enabled out-of-the-box with no performance impact

Monitors each SQL execution

Exposes monitoring statistics Global execution level Plan operation level Parallel Execution level Can be saved or emailed as an Active Report

Demo
Active Reports

Conclusion
AWR contains vast amounts of database performance data Enterprise Manager displays a comprehensive view and analysis of that data Standard reports can provide additional insights
Use the right report for the right problem

Active reports are a useful new tool for the Oracle database professional

Oracle Helps You Maximize Customer Value

Deploys SOA infrastructure 92% faster

Saves 80% time and effort for managing Databases

Avoids online revenue losses up to 25%

Improves IT productivity by 25%

Drives asset utilization up by 70%

Cuts configuration management effort by 90% Replaces manual tools with automation; saves time by 50% Saves weeks on application testing time Delivers 24/7 uptime with Oracle Enterprise Manager

Saves $1.9 million with Oracle Enterprise Manager

Saves $170,000 per year with Oracle Enterprise Manager

Reduces Database testing time by 90%

Reduces provisioning effort by 75%

Cuts application testing from weeks to hours

Reduces critical patching time by 80%

Additional Oracle Enterprise Manager sessions

Wednesday, Oct. 14 11:45 a.m.- Performance-Testing Oracle E-Business Suite: Tips and Tricks from Oracle Experts 11:45 a.m.- Oracle Enterprise Manager: Monitoring and Security Best Practices 11:45 a.m.- Upgrade Case Study: Database Replay, Snapshot Standby, and Plan Baselines Location

Moscone S. Room 305 Moscone S. Room 303 Moscone S. Room 301

1:45 p.m.- Quick Tips for Database Performance Tuning 5:00 p.m.- SQL Gone Wild: Taming Bad SQL the Easy Way (or the Hard Way) 5:00pm Oracle Enterprise Manager: Beyond the Basics: Getting More from Oracle Enterprise Manager

Moscone S. Room 104 Moscone S. Room 102 Moscone S. Room 305

Additional Oracle Enterprise Manager sessions

Thursday, Oct. 15 Location

10:30 [Link] Is Applying CPUs (Critical Patch Updates), Right? 10:30 am DBAs New Best Friend: Oracle Database 10g and Oracle Database 11g SQL Performance Analyzer

Moscone S. Room 303

Moscone S. Room 102

12:00 p.m. Worry-Free Application Upgrade Using Oracle Change Management Pack 1:30pm Dell IT's Implementation of Oracle Enterprise Manager Patch Provisioning

Moscone S. Room 102

Moscone S. Room 306