CS 11 java track: lecture 1

Administrivia

need a CS cluster account

http://www.cs.caltech.edu/ cgi-bin/sysadmin/account_request.cgi www.its.caltech.edu/its/facilities/labsclusters/ unix/unixtutorial.shtml www.cs.caltech.edu/courses/cs11/material/java/mike

need to know UNIX

track home page:

prerequisites

some programming experience

CS 1 ideal, not required

familiarity with C syntax

assignments

1st assignment is posted now due one week after class, midnight

late penalty: 1 mark/day

textbook, online tutorials

Arnold, Gosling, Holmes:

The Java Programming Language, 3rd. ed.

java on-line tutorials:

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/ reallybigindex.html very good material!

what is java?

java is

an object-oriented programming language

a programming environment
a large set of libraries (java API)

a philosophy

java philosophy

programs should be portable

"write once, run anywhere"

programs should be safe

no core dumps, no memory corruption

programs should be easy to write and understand programs should be as efficient as possible

subject to the above constraints

programming in java (1)

version: java 1.4.2 (on CS cluster) programmer writes source code

files end in ".java" extension

java compiler (javac) converts (compiles) source code into "bytecode" (files ending in ".class")

bytecode is "machine code" for Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

programming in java (2)

example: Foo.class (may compile other files too if "Foo.java" depends on them)

% javac Foo.java

programming in java (3)

JVM (program name: java) executes bytecode to

% java Foo

executes bytecode in Foo.class

libraries

java API (application programming interface)

graphics networking database

input/output

http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/index.html

the java language (1)

"object oriented"
object: data + functions acting on that data class: template for building objects; includes

data (fields) that every object contains functions (methods) that can act on the object

objects are instances of a particular class

the java language (2)

all data is either

an object i.e. an instance of some class a primitive data type

int float, double

char
boolean

the java language (3)

java is strongly, statically typed

strongly typed: all data has a type statically typed: all types must be declared before use

type declarations can occur anywhere in source code // foo has type int

int foo;

the java language (4)

methods have

a name a set of arguments with their types a return type some optional modifiers

methods written inside class definition

"hello world" program (1)

in file "HelloWorld.java":

class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world!");

}
}

"hello world" program (2)

class definition:

class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world!");

}
}

file must be called "HelloWorld.java"

"hello world" program (3)

method definition:

class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world!");

}
}

"hello world" program (4)

method name:

class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world!");

}
}

program always starts executing with main

"hello world" program (5)

method arguments:

class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world!");

}
}

String[] = array of strings (command line args)

"hello world" program (6)

method return type:

class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world!");

}
}

void means "doesn't return anything"

"hello world" program (7)

method modifiers:

class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world!");

}
}

we'll discuss these later

"hello world" program (8)

method body:

class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world!");

}
}

print "Hello, world!" to the terminal (System.out)

"hello world" program (9)

compile:

% javac HelloWorld.java HelloWorld.class

run:

% java HelloWorld Hello, world! %

data types

int integers
float single precision floating point double double precision floating point char Unicode characters (16 bit) boolean true or false (not 0 or 1) byte 8 bits; "raw data" String character strings

operators

like in C:

+ - * / % = ++ -- += -= etc.

precedence:

a + b * c a + (b * c) NOT (a + b) * c use parentheses if need to override defaults

comments

three kinds:

// This comment goes to the end of the line. /* This comment can span * multiple lines. */

/**
* This comment is for documentation. */

conditionals

if / else if / else like in C:

int i = 10; if (i < 20) { System.out.println("less than 20"); } else if (i == 20) { System.out.println("equal to 20"); } else { System.out.println("greater than 20"); }

loops (1)

for and while loops like in C:

int i; for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) { // do something with i } while (i < 20) { // do something with i // increment i }

loops (2)

can declare types at first use:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { // do something with i }

now "i" only usable inside the loop judgment call; usually the right thing to do

that's all for now

this is enough for 1st assignment lots more to come!