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Presentation On Ic 555 Timer: BY: Sandeep Kumar

This presentation summarizes the history and applications of the IC 555 timer integrated circuit. It was introduced in 1971 by Signetics Corporation and provided a cheap, stable timing solution. It can be used in applications like timers, oscillators, pulse generation, and more. The presentation explains the pin configurations and components of the 555 timer, including two comparators, an R-S flip-flop, and a transistor. It describes the working principles of monostable and astable multivibrator circuits using the 555 timer and provides equations to calculate pulse width and timing periods.

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Sandeep Kamti Brzee
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84 views24 pages

Presentation On Ic 555 Timer: BY: Sandeep Kumar

This presentation summarizes the history and applications of the IC 555 timer integrated circuit. It was introduced in 1971 by Signetics Corporation and provided a cheap, stable timing solution. It can be used in applications like timers, oscillators, pulse generation, and more. The presentation explains the pin configurations and components of the 555 timer, including two comparators, an R-S flip-flop, and a transistor. It describes the working principles of monostable and astable multivibrator circuits using the 555 timer and provides equations to calculate pulse width and timing periods.

Uploaded by

Sandeep Kamti Brzee
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESENTATION ON IC 555 TIMER

TED TO: M R PA R V E S H

BY: Sandeep Kumar

DWIVEDI

555 TIMER HISTORY


It was introduced around 1971 by the Signetics Corporation as the E555/NE555.

Initially it was called "The IC Time Machine"

It provided circuit designers with a relatively cheap, stable, and user-friendly integrated circuits.

APPLICATIONS OF IC 555 TIMER


Monostable &Astable Multivibrators Waveform generators

Burglar Alarms
Measurement ,Process & Control Circuits Missing pulse detectors Traffic light control Automatic Battery chargers Logic probes DC to DC Converters etc.

- A light dimmer - A car tachometer

- Traffic Lights
Infra Red (IR) remote control

PIN CONFIGURATION

PIN DESCRIPTIONS Pin 1 (Ground):- All voltages are measured w.r.t. this terminal. This is the most negative supply potential of the device. Pin 2 (Trigger Terminal ) This pin is an inverting input to a lower comparator. This is used to set the flip flop which causes the output to go high. Pin 4 (Reset):- To disable or reset the timer a negative pulse is applied to this pin. When this pin isnt used, its connected to Vcc.

Pin 6 (Threshold):- This is an input to the upper comparator. Used to reset the flip-flop which drives the output low.
Pin 7 (Discharge) -When the npn transistor connected to it is turned on, the pin is shorted to ground The timing capacitor is usually between pin 7 and ground and is discharged when the transistor turns on. Pin 8 (Supply Voltage):- A positive supply voltage is applied to this terminal

555 TIMER INTEGRAL CIRCUIT

COMPONENTS IN INTEGRAL CIRCUIT

Consists of two comparators Consists of an R-S flip flop

Consists of Q1 that is operated as a switch

R-S FLIP FLOP REVIEW


R 0 0 1 1 S 0 1 0 1 Q Q Last value No change 1 Reset 0 Reset 0 1

MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF CIRCUIT A resistive voltage divider consisting of 3 equal resistors R1 is employed VTH= 2Vcc/3 for comparator 1. Flip Flop is reset whenever threshold goes higher than 2Vcc/3. VTL=Vcc/3 Flip Flop is set whenever the trigger goes below Vcc/3. In set state output Q is high (approx. equal to

Consists of Consists of an external resistor R & capacitor C

In the stable the flip flop will be in reset state, thus Q will be high and Q low. Transistor Q1 is driven into saturation
VCE 0 so the capacitor is shorted to ground. i.e. VC 0 and output of comparator 1 is low

Vtrigger is kept high (higher than VTL i.e. Vcc/3) Output of comparator 2 will also be low. Flip flop is in reset state so Q will also be low i.e. V0 0 To trigger the monostable multivibrator , a negative pulse is applied to the trigger input terminal

As Vtrigger goes below VTL i.e. Vcc/3, the output of comparator 2 goes high thus setting the flip flop. i.e. Q=1 Q =0, so the transistor is cutoff. Vtrigger is given for a short time so output of compartor 2 goes low again. Still the ouput is high because R=0 and S=0 result in Q to be in the previous state. Capacitor C now begins to charge through resistor R and Vc rises exponentially towards Vcc. The high voltage at the ouput is retained as long as Vc<VTH

Once Vc exceeds VTH , the output of comparator 1 goes high. Now R=1 and S=0 so Q=0 . The monostable multivibrator is now back in its stable state and is ready to receive a new triggering pulse

DERIVATION FOR THE WIDTH OF THE PULSE IN MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

The width of the pulse , T is the time interval that the monostable multivibrator spends in quasi stable state. Denoting the time instant at which the trigger pulse is applied at t=0 , the voltage across capacitor Vc can be expressed As:
Substituting Vc=VTH=2/3Vcc at t=T gives, T=RC ln 3 =1.1 RC

ASTABLE OPERATION

Known as free running multivibrator.

Do not have stable condition, the condition always change.


Astable do not need trigger pulse for external to change the output. The period for LOW and HIGH can be calculated based on resistor and capacitor value that connected at outside of timer.

Operation for astable multivibrator :

i) Assume the initial is HIGH. Transistor Q1 OFF and capacitor is charging through resistor RA and RB.
ii) When capacitor voltage reach 2/3 Vee, Comparator 1 will trigger flip flop and output change from change from HIGH to LOW. Resistor RB and transistor Q1.

iii) When the capacitor voltage reach 1/3 Vee, comparator output 2 will trigger flip flop so the timer output is HIGH. The cycle is repeated.
Period for capacitor charging from 1/3 Vcc to 2/3 Vcc same as period for HIGH output at timer. Period for capacitor discharging from 2/3Vcc to 1/3 Vcc same as period for LOW output.

Period for capacitor discharging from 2/3Vcc to 1/3 Vcc same as period for LOW output.
TH = 0.693 (RA+RB) C TL = 0.693 (RB) C Period, T = TH + TL = 0.693 (RA + 2RB) C Frequency, f = 1/T = 1/ (TH + TL) = 1.44 / ((RA + 2RB) C)

% Duty Cycle = [TH / (TH + TL) ]x 100 = [(RA + RB) / (RA + 2RB)]

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THANK YOU

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