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Mechanization in Agriculture: By: Asmat Babar

Mechanization in agriculture refers to the use of machinery to assist with farming tasks. Over time, there has been a significant shift from manual labor and animal power to mechanized tools powered by steam and gasoline engines. This agricultural mechanization revolution dramatically reduced the percentage of the US workforce engaged in farming from 38% in 1900 to just 3% by the end of the 20th century. Common farm machinery includes tractors for plowing and pulling implements, tillage equipment for soil preparation, planters and seeders, sprayers for applying fertilizers and pesticides, and combines for harvesting grains. Irrigation systems and drainage systems are also widely used to control water levels and enhance crop production.

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116 views22 pages

Mechanization in Agriculture: By: Asmat Babar

Mechanization in agriculture refers to the use of machinery to assist with farming tasks. Over time, there has been a significant shift from manual labor and animal power to mechanized tools powered by steam and gasoline engines. This agricultural mechanization revolution dramatically reduced the percentage of the US workforce engaged in farming from 38% in 1900 to just 3% by the end of the 20th century. Common farm machinery includes tractors for plowing and pulling implements, tillage equipment for soil preparation, planters and seeders, sprayers for applying fertilizers and pesticides, and combines for harvesting grains. Irrigation systems and drainage systems are also widely used to control water levels and enhance crop production.

Uploaded by

adityanarang147
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mechanization in Agriculture

By: Asmat Babar www.asmatbabar.blogspot.com

Mechanization

Every machine is constructed for the purpose of performing certain mechanical operations, each of which supposes the existence of two other things besides the machine in question, namely, a moving power, and an object subject to the operation, which may be termed the work to be done. Machines, in fact, are interposed between the power and the work, for the purpose of adapting the one to the other.

History
AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION Agricultural Mechanization is machinery used in the operation of an agricultural area or farm. Many advancements in farming techniques and tools have been manifested since agriculture's beginnings thousands of years ago. The greatest strides have occurred in the last three hundred years. A substantial contribution to agriculture has been the escalation from manual and stockanimal labor to steam-and then gas-powered implements.

In 1900 farmers represented 38 percent of the U.S. labor force. By the end of the century that number had plunged to 3 percentdramatic evidence of the revolution in agriculture brought about by mechanization. 1902 First U.S. factory for tractors

Advantages of Mechanization
Substitute for labour Labour is too expensive to do everything (in developed countries) Compensate for labour peaks (i.e. harvest) Labour skills and strengths often inadequate for large scale production and materials handling Amenity reasons (often repetitive dirty tasks) Attract or retain farm staff Increase productivity of farm staff.

Disadvantages of Mechanization
Redundancy - machinery for labour substitution Cost - finance, fuel etc. Often needs highly skilled operator, increased wages Often doesn't live up to expectations Health and safety Environmental costs

Agriculture Mechanization
Agriculture machinery can be divided into following groups A) Farm machinery B) Irrigation Engineering C) Drain Engineering

Tractor
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a traileror machinery used in agriculture or construction. The word tractor was taken from Latin, being the agent noun of trahere "to pull".

Tractor configurations

Tractors can be generally classified as two-wheel drive, two-wheel drive with front wheel assist, four-wheel drive (often with articulated steering), or track tractors (with either two or four powered rubber tracks).

A modern 4-wheel drive farm tractor

Farm tractor applications

The farm tractor is used for pulling or pushing agricultural machinery or trailers, for plowing, tilling, disking, harrowing, planting, and similar tasks.

Tillage implement
Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. Classification of tillage implements Primary Tillage implements Secondary Tillage Implements

Primary Tillage implements


Mould board Plough Disc Plough Reversible or One-way Plough

SPECIAL PLOUGHS
Subsoil Plough Chisel Plough Rotary Plough Basin Lister

Secondary Tillage Implements


Tractor Drawn Cultivator Sweep Cultivator Harrows Disc Harrow Blade Harrow Indigenous Blade Harrows Plank and Roller

Planting Methods
Drilling Broadcasting Aerial Seeding No-tillage Planting

Spraying Equipment
Hand-operated hydraulic sprayers (knapsack sprayers) Power-operated hydraulic sprayers (tractor-mounted sprayers) Air carrier sprayers (mist blowers) Electrodyne sprayers (electrostatic sprayers) Birky sprayers (Birky knapsack sprayers) Controlled-droplet application sprayers Dusters

Harvesting machine
Combine Harvesting The combine harvester, or simply combine, is a machine that harvests grain crops. The name derives from its combining three separate operations comprising harvesting reaping, threshing, and winnowinginto a single process. Among the crops harvested with a combine are wheat, oats, rye, barley,corn (maize) , soybeans and flax (linseed).

Irrigation system
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance oflandscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Additionally, irrigation also has a few other uses in crop production, which include protecting plants against frost, suppressing weed growing in grain fields and helping in preventing soil

Types of Irrigation system


Surface Localized Drip Sprinkler Rotator style pivot applicator sprinkler Lateral move (side roll, wheel line) Sub-irrigation

(C) Drainage system

An agricultural drainage system is a system by which the water level on or in the soil is controlled to enhance agricultural crop production.

Classification

Surface drainage systems Subsurface drainage systems Main drainage systems Main drainage outlet

END

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