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    Utterance Sentence and Proposition

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    خزين الاحسان
    This document discusses the relationship between propositions, sentences, and utterances. It defines an utterance as any stretch of talk by a speaker, a sentence as a string of words that follows grammatical rules, and a proposition as the meaning or state of affairs described by a declarative, imperative, or interrogative sentence. Sentences are composed of words, while propositions are abstract meanings that can be expressed across languages. Propositions involve persons, things, or facts, and can be evaluated as true or false. The document provides examples to illustrate the differences between utterances, sentences, and propositions.

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    Utterance Sentence and Proposition

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    خزين الاحسان
    2K views4 pages
    This document discusses the relationship between propositions, sentences, and utterances. It defines an utterance as any stretch of talk by a speaker, a sentence as a string of words that follows grammatical rules, and a proposition as the meaning or state of affairs described by a declarative, imperative, or interrogative sentence. Sentences are composed of words, while propositions are abstract meanings that can be expressed across languages. Propositions involve persons, things, or facts, and can be evaluated as true or false. The document provides examples to illustrate the differences between utterances, sentences, and propositions.

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    Utterance Sentence and Proposition

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    This document discusses the relationship between propositions, sentences, and utterances. It defines an utterance as any stretch of talk by a speaker, a sentence as a string of words that follows grammatical rules, and a proposition as the meaning or state of affairs described by a declarative, imperative, or interrogative sentence. Sentences are composed of words, while propositions are abstract meanings that can be expressed across languages. Propositions involve persons, things, or facts, and can be evaluated as true or false. The document provides examples to illustrate the differences between utterances, sentences, and propositions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views4 pages

    Utterance Sentence and Proposition

    Uploaded by

    خزين الاحسان
    This document discusses the relationship between propositions, sentences, and utterances. It defines an utterance as any stretch of talk by a speaker, a sentence as a string of words that follows grammatical rules, and a proposition as the meaning or state of affairs described by a declarative, imperative, or interrogative sentence. Sentences are composed of words, while propositions are abstract meanings that can be expressed across languages. Propositions involve persons, things, or facts, and can be evaluated as true or false. The document provides examples to illustrate the differences between utterances, sentences, and propositions.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are the differences between utterances, sentences and propositions and their relationship to each other according to the passage.

    An utterance is a stretch of talk by a speaker, a sentence is a string of words put together by grammatical rules, and a proposition describes a state of affairs typically involving persons or things referred to in the sentence.

    Examples of utterances given are 'John: Who is she?' and 'Nancy: I`ve never seen her before'. Examples of sentences given are 'John only loves Mary' and 'Only John loves Mary'. Examples of propositions given are 'Is it a fact that there are tigers in Kalimantan jungles?' and the proposition that there are tigers in Kalimantan jungles.

    UNIT 2

    UTTERANCE, SENTENCE AND PROPOSITION


    Objective of the study: To understand the kind of family tree relationship between propositions, sentences, and utterances. I. Utterance: Is any stretch of talk, by one person, before and after which there is a silence on the part of that person / physical events are lasting for short times. An utterance use by: - a particular speaker - a particular accasion - a piece of language, such as: a sequence of sentences a single sentence a single clause a single phrase a single word Example : John: Who is she? Nancy: I`ve never seen her before

    II. Sentence: is neither a physical event nor a physical object / defined as a string of words put together by the grammatical rules of a language. a sentence can be : thought of as an ideal string of words behind various realizations in utterances and inscriptions - cenceived abstractly - consists of : - the same words and the same order - Any change in the words or in order makes a different sentence. Example: John only loves Mary Only John loves Mary Semantics: is concerned with the meaning of NON Sentences such as: words, phrases, just as much as with whole sentences that involve propositions

    III. Proposition : is that part of the meaning of the utterances of a declarative sentence / imperative / interrogative which describes some state of affairs typically involves: persons / things referred to by expression in the sentence. In uttering a declarative sentence: a speaker typically assert a proposition. The notion of : a proposition is central to semantics truth can be used to declare wheter two sentences express different propositions : 1. True propositions correspond to facts. (can be known imperative/interrogative) Example : Can Herman do the job? 2. False propositions do not correspond to facts (declarative sentence). Example : Herman can do the job. Example: 1. Is it a fact that there are tigers in Kalimantan jungles? Yes / No. (is the proposition that there are tigers Kalimantan jungles a true proposition? / interrogative) Propositions involved: - in the meanings of declarative sentences. - in the meanings of other types of sentences such: (Imperative/interrogative)

    Note: Two sentences in different Languages can correspond to the same proposition, if: The two sentences are perfect translation of each other. Example: I have accepted her invitation Saya telah menerima undangannya (perempuan) Proposition unlike sentences: if can not be said to belong to any particular language. Family relationship between: Proposition, sentence and utterance. Proposition: - is an object of thought. - are not equal to thought THOUGHT: because are usually held to be private personal, mental processes, where as propositions are public. Some Important Point: a. Sentences are written in Italic typeface b. Utterances are written between double quotation marks. c. Propositions are written in a different way which will be presented later.

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