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Lecture 6 Examples

The document contains multiple examples of thermodynamics calculations involving properties such as temperature, pressure, mass flow rate, heat transfer rate, and volume flow rate of various substances including air, steam, refrigerant, ethylene glycol, and water flowing through pipes, nozzles, turbines, compressors, and tanks. The examples provide the inlet and outlet conditions and ask for determining various unknown parameters related to properties, energy transfers, and flow rates.

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Mohamed Zahran
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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246 views29 pages

Lecture 6 Examples

The document contains multiple examples of thermodynamics calculations involving properties such as temperature, pressure, mass flow rate, heat transfer rate, and volume flow rate of various substances including air, steam, refrigerant, ethylene glycol, and water flowing through pipes, nozzles, turbines, compressors, and tanks. The examples provide the inlet and outlet conditions and ask for determining various unknown parameters related to properties, energy transfers, and flow rates.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Zahran
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture-6 Examples

Air enters a 28-cm diameter pipe steadily at 200 kPa and 20°C with a velocity of
5 m/s. Air is heated as it flows, and leaves the pipe at 180 kPa and 40°C.
Determine (a) the volume flow rate of air at the inlet, (b) the mass flow rate of
air, and (c) the velocity and volume flow rate at the exit.
Examples:
Air enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily at 300 kPa, 200°C, and 30 m/s and leaves at
100 kPa and 180 m/s. The inlet area of the nozzle is 80 cm2. Determine (a) the
mass flow rate through the nozzle, (b) the exit temperature of the air, and (c) the exit
area of the nozzle.
Steam enters a nozzle at 400°C and 800 kPa with a velocity of 10 m/s, and leaves
at 300°C and 200 kPa while losing heat at a rate of 25 kW. For an inlet area of 800
cm2, determine the velocity and the volume flow rate of the steam at the nozzle exit.
Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the
steam are 10 MPa, 450°C, and 80 m/s, and the exit conditions are 10 kPa, 92
percent quality, and 50 m/s. The mass flow rate of the steam is 12 kg/s.
Determine (a) the change in kinetic energy, (b) the power output, and (c) the
turbine inlet area.
Air enters the compressor of a gas-turbine plant at ambient conditions of 100 kPa and
25°C with a low velocity and exits at 1 MPa and 347°C with a velocity of 90 m/s. The
compressor is cooled at a rate of 1500 kJ/min, and the power input to the compressor is
250 kW. Determine the mass flow rate of air through the compressor.
Refrigerant-134a is throttled from the saturated liquid state at 700 kPa to a pressure of
160 kPa. Determine the temperature drop during this process and the final specific
volume of the refrigerant.
A hot-water stream at 80°C enters a mixing chamber with a mass flow rate of 0.5
kg/s where it is mixed with a stream of cold water at 20°C. If it is desired that the
mixture leave the chamber at 42°C, determine the mass flow rate of the cold-water
stream. Assume all the streams are at a pressure of 250 kPa.
A heat exchanger is to cool ethylene glycol (cp=2.56 kJ/kg · °C) flowing at a rate of 2
kg/s from 80°C to 40°C by water (cp = 4.18 kJ/kg · °C) that enters at 20°C and leaves
at 55°C. Determine (a) the rate of heat transfer and (b) the mass flow rate of water.
A hair dryer is basically a duct in which a few layers of electric resistors are placed. A
small fan pulls the air in and forces it through the resistors where it is heated. Air
enters a 1200-W hair dryer at 100 kPa and 22°C and leaves at 47°C. The cross-
sectional area of the hair dryer at the exit is 60 cm2. Neglecting the power consumed
by the fan and the heat losses through the walls of the hair dryer, determine (a) the
volume flow rate of air at the inlet and (b) the velocity of the air at the exit.
A 2-m3 rigid tank initially contains air at 100 kPa and 22°C. The tank is connected to a
supply line through a valve. Air is flowing in the supply line at 600 kPa and 22°C. The
valve is opened, and air is allowed to enter the tank until the pressure in the tank
reaches the line pressure, at which point the valve is closed. A thermometer placed in
the tank indicates that the air temperature at the final state is 77°C. Determine (a) the
mass of air that has entered the tank and (b) the amount of heat transfer.
A 0.3-m3 rigid tank is filled with saturated liquid water at 200°C. A valve at the
bottom of the tank is opened, and liquid is withdrawn from the tank. Heat is
transferred to the water such that the temperature in the tank remains constant.
Determine the amount of heat that must be transferred by the time one-half of
the total mass has been withdrawn.
An adiabatic air compressor is to be powered by a direct-coupled adiabatic steam
turbine that is also driving a generator. Steam enters the turbine at 12.5 MPa and
500°C at a rate of 25 kg/s and exits at 10 kPa and a quality of 0.92. Air enters the
compressor at 98 kPa and 295 K at a rate of 10 kg/s and exits at 1 MPa and 620
K. Determine the net power delivered to the generator by the turbine.

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