Web Programming
The PHP Control Statements
Conditional Structure Repetitive Structure
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Review on the Language Structure of PHP
How to start PHP? Creating and saving your PHP files PHP Delimeters Comments in PHP The use of Single and Double Quotations Variables (scalar and Constant Values Concatenation symbol !sca"e character and Casting #"erators ($%$&% &&% ''
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if statement
The if construct is one of the most im"ortant feature of many languages% including PHP( )t allows for conditional e*ecution of code fragments( PHP features an if structure that is similar to that of c
Syntax: if (expression/condition){ statement; }
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Example
<html> <head><title>Control Statements</title></head> <body> <?php $a !; $b "; if($a > $b) echo #a is bi$$er than b%; ?> </body> </html>
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!roup Several Statement
& <?php $a $b
!; "; if($a > $b) { echo #a is bi$$er than b%; $b $a;
} echo $b; ?> &
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What is "b#
& <?php $a !; $b "; if($a < $b) { echo #a is bi$$er than b%; $b $a; } echo $b; ?> &
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What is "b#
& <?php $a !; $b "; if($a < $b) echo #a is bi$$er than b%; $b $a; echo $b; ?> &
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What is "b#
& <?php $a !; $b "; if($a > $b) echo #a is bi$$er than b%; $b $a; echo $b; ?> &
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else
else e*tends an if statement to e*ecute a statement in case the e*"ression in the if statement evaluates to '()S*(
& $a $b
!; "; if($a < $b) { echo #a is bi$$er than b%; } else { echo #b is smaller than a%;
}
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else if $ elseif
+s its name suggests% is a combination of if and else
& $a $b
!; "; if($a > $b) { echo #a is bi$$er than b%; } elseif($a < $b) { echo #a is smaller than b%; } else { echo #a and b are e+,al%;
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% tric&' one
<?php $a -; $b !; if($a $b) { echo #.he expression is ./0*%; } else { echo #.he expression is '()S*%; } ?>
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%lternative S'ntax for if
)t is "ossible to write control statements using the following ,colon- format.
<?php $a !; if($a !)1 echo #( is e+,al to !%; endif; if($a -)1 echo #( is e+,al to -%; endif; ?>
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<?php $i -;
(ixing HT(L with PHP Control Statements
-) {
Web Programming
if ($i
?> <h2>.he condition is tr,e</h2> <center><b>$i is -</b></center> <?php } else { ?> <h2>.he condition is false</h2> <center><b>$i is not -</b></center> <?php } ?>
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switch statement
The switch statement controls "rogram flow by e*ecuting a s"ecific set of statements% de"ending on the value of an e*"ression( )t com"ares the value of an e*"ression to a value contained within a s"ecial statement called a case label( + case label in a switch statement re"resents a s"ecific value and contains one or more statements that e*ecute if the value of the case label matches the value of the switch statement/s e*"ression(
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switch statement
Synta*
s3itch (expression) { case label1 statement (s); brea4; case label1 statement(s); brea4; & defa,lt1 statement(s); }
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Example
<?php $n,m 2; s3itch ($n,m) { case -1 echo #.he 5$n,m is 6ne7; brea4; case 21 echo #.he 5$n,m is .3o7; brea4; case "1 echo #.he 5$n,m is .hree7; brea4; defa,lt1 echo 7(ny 8,mber7; } ?>
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The $num is Two
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Example
<?php $n,m !; s3itch ($n,m 9 2) { case -1 echo #.he 5$n,m is 6ne7; brea4; case 21 echo #.he 5$n,m is .3o7; brea4; case "1 echo #.he 5$n,m is .hree7; brea4; defa,lt1 echo 7(ny 8,mber7; } ?>
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The $num is One
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case Labels
case $*xample:ar1 statement(s); case #text strin$%1 statement(s); // ;ariable name // strin$ literal
case <!1 // inte$er literal statement(s); case =2<">?1 statement(s); // floatin$=point literal // conditional expression or operations
Case ($time < -@@)1 statement(s);
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Repeating Code
while Statements
)t is one of the sim"lest ty"es of loo"s% which re"eats a statement or series of statements as long as a given conditional e*"ression evaluates to true( Synta*.
3hile (conditional expression) { statement(s); }
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Example
$Co,nt -; 2 3hile ($Co,nt < !) { 3 echo #$Co,nt <br />%; 4 AA$Co,nt; 5 } End of loop. echo #<p>*nd of loop></p>%;
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Example
$Co,nt -@; 3hile ($Co,nt > @) { echo #$Co,nt <br />%; ==$Co,nt; } echo #<p>Be ha;e liftoff></p>%;
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)efine the output
$Co,nt -; 3hile ($Co,nt < -@@) { echo #$Co,nt <br />%; $Co,nt C 2; }
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%lternative S'ntax
<?php $i -; -@)1 echo $i; $iAA; end3hile; ?> 3hile ($i <
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do*while Statements
The do>>>3hile statement will always e*ecute the bloc0 of code once% it will then chec0 the condition% and re"eat the loo" while the condition is true( Syntax:
do { statement(s); } 3hile (conditional expression);
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Example
$Co,nt @; do { echo #.he co,nt is e+,al to $Co,nt<br/>%; AA$Co,nt; } 3hile ($Co,nt < 2);
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for statement
The for loop is used when you 0now in advance how many times the scri"t should run(
Synta*. for (counter declaration and initialization; condition; update statement) { statement(s); }
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The for loop
+ counting loo" is usually im"lemented with for
initiali3e chec0 for limit u"date loo" control inde* shorthand for i+i,-
for ($i @; $i < $co,nt; $iAA) { print(7<br>index ;al,e is 1 $i7); } one or more statements in the loo" body
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12
Web Programming
Example
<?php for ($Co,nt @; $Co,nt<-@; AA$Co,nt) { echo $Co,nt; } ?>
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brea&
brea0 ends e*ecution of the current for% foreach% while% do4while or switch structure(
<?php for ($i @; $i < -@; AA$i) { if ($i !) brea4; print 7$i<br>7; } ?>
0 1 2 3 4
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Example
<?php for ($i - ; ; $iAA) { if ($i > -@) { brea4; } print $i; } ?>
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Example
<?php $i -; for (;;) { if ($i > -@) { brea4; } print $i; $iAA; } ?>
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continue
continue is used within loo"ing structures to s0i" the rest of the current loo" iteration and continue e*ecution at the condition evaluation and then the beginning of the ne*t iteration( <?php 0 for ($i @; $i < D; AA$i) { 1 if ($i ") 2 contin,e; 4 print 7$i<br>7; 5 } ?>
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print inside for statement
<?p p for (!i " 1; !i <" 1#; print !i$ !i%%); ?&
5rom this e*am"le% the print command was recogni3ed by the for function( )f ec o command will be used% the result will be error(
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Laborator' %ctivit'
Create a PHP "rogram that will ma0e use of a day in a wee0 to change the bac0ground color of your web "age as well as its te*t color( 6ou may use all the control statements discussed in PHP(
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Short .ui/ 0
1. What is $x, assuming that its initial value is 10 (3 pts) if($x>?) { if($x<E) $x @; } else $x -; 2. What is $x, assuming that its initial value is 10 (3 pts) if($x>?) { if ($x<E) $x @; else $x -; } 3. (4 pts ) $speed <!; $fee @>@; if ($speed > "!){ $fee 2@>@@; }elseif($speed > !@){ $fee ?@>@@; }elseif($speed > <!){ $fee D@>@@; } echo $fee;
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