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1.push Button and Switches 2

Push button and switches are used to open and close electrical circuits. Push buttons can have momentary, alternate, push-pull, or push-lock operation. Common switch types include SPST, SPDT, ganged, mercury, electromagnetic, position, and pressure switches. Switches are used to control circuits and direct current flow. Emergency stop buttons must latch in the engaged position and be easy to operate. Safety limit switches are used to control machines and serve as safety interlocks.

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Mahadzir Bin Mat Rabi'
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206 views35 pages

1.push Button and Switches 2

Push button and switches are used to open and close electrical circuits. Push buttons can have momentary, alternate, push-pull, or push-lock operation. Common switch types include SPST, SPDT, ganged, mercury, electromagnetic, position, and pressure switches. Switches are used to control circuits and direct current flow. Emergency stop buttons must latch in the engaged position and be easy to operate. Safety limit switches are used to control machines and serve as safety interlocks.

Uploaded by

Mahadzir Bin Mat Rabi'
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PUSH BUTTON AND SWITCHES

MAHADZIR MAT RABI

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PUSH BUTTON AND SWITCHES


A Pushbutton Switch is a switch designed so that its contacts are opened and closed by depressing and releasing a pushbutton(momentary switches)

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PUSH BUTTON
Operation Explanation Momentary operation The pushbutton returns to its original position after it is released.

Alternate operation

The first time the pushbutton is pressed, an internal lock mechanism holds it in the same position. The next time it is pressed, the lock is released and the pushbutton returns to its original position.

Push-pull operation

When the pushbutton is pressed, an internal lock mechanism holds it in the same position. The pushbutton is returned to its original position when the pushbutton is pulled to release the lock.

When the pushbutton is pressed, an internal lock mechanism holds Push-lock, turn-reset it in the same position. The pushbutton is returned to its original operation position when the pushbutton is twisted to release the lock.
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Push button
SYMBOLS (IEC STD) SYMBOLS(IEC STD)

NORMALY OPEN CONTACT


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Normaly closed contact


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EMO PUSH BUTTONS


Emergency Stop Push Button Is A Twist-to-reset
IEC 60947-5-5 specifies the requirements for devices used to initiate the emergency stop function. These all specify that it shall not be possible for the device to latch without generating the OFF (stop) command or to generate the OFF (stop) command without latching.

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Electrical Switches
Terms To Know:
SPST Single Pole / Single Throw SPDT Single Pole / Double Throw Ganged Switch (MPMT) Mercury Switch Electromagnetic Switch Position Switch Pressure Switch

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Electrical Switches
Commonly used to control the on/off function of a component and/or circuit Also used to direct the current in an electrical circuit May also be used as momentary contact switches The term pole(s) refers to the number of input circuits of the switch The term throw(s) refers to the number of output circuits of the switch Switches may be normally open (NO), or normally closed (NC) depending upon the application May be used on either power or ground side of circuit
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Introduction:

Electrical Switches
Classifications of Switches

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Electrical Switches
SPST Switches Single pole input Single pole output A set of contacts inside the switch opens or closes the circuit The contacts carry the current load of the circuit when closed

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Electrical Switches
The Momentary Switch A SPST type switch Switch contacts are spring loaded Closing the circuit requires overcoming spring pressure Circuit is opened by spring Switch is (NO)
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Electrical Switches

SPDT Switches One input circuit (pole) Two output circuits (throws) Only one output is energized at a time Contacts carry the current load of circuit
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Electrical Switches
Ganged Switches (MPMT) Contain multiple wipers that operate in unison Contacts may carry current load of circuit Contacts may supply current to an electromagnetic switch
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Electrical Switches
Mercury Switches A SPST type switch Uses mercury as the conductor for the contacts Accurate mounting of mercury switches is essential to proper operation Used on ground side of circuit
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Electrical Switches
Electromagnetic Switches Also called a relay Uses a small amount of current to control a higher amperage circuit Relays are (NO) type circuits Often controlled by low amperage switch circuit
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Electrical Switches
An Electromagnetic Switch in a Horn Circuit

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Electrical Switches

Position Switches May be used on power or ground side of circuit Used to indicate whether a component is in the on or off position Only provides a high/low signal to a solid state control device A low current circuit

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Electrical Switches

Pressure Switches Can be used on either power or ground side of circuit Switch is turned on/off by pressure rather than a components movement Switch may carry current load of circuit Switch may be used as a type of position switch for a solid state control device

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Electrical Switches
Switch/Circuit Diagnosis

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Switch/Circuit Diagnosis

Tools and Methods: Test Light Continuity Light Jumper Wire DVOM

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Switch/Circuit Diagnosis
SPST Switches

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Switch/Circuit Diagnosis

Position Switches / Pressure Switches Basically a SPST switch Can be tested using SPST methods Always refer to appropriate wiring diagrams for the current flow information It is a good idea to remove the switch from the circuit before testing to prevent accidental damage to solid state components
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Switch/Circuit Diagnosis
SPST Momentary Switches

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Switch/Circuit Diagnosis
SPDT Switches

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Switch/Circuit Diagnosis
Ganged / MPMT Switches

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Switch/Circuit Diagnosis
Mercury Switches

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Switch/Circuit Diagnosis
Electromagnetic Switches

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SWITCHES

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CHANGE OVER CONTACT


A switch with both types of contact is called a changeover switch. These may be "make-before-break" ("MBB" or shorting) which momentarily connect both circuits, or may be "break-before-make" ("BBM" or non-shorting) which interrupts one circuit before closing the other.

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WHAT HAPPENED DURING SWITCH CLOSED AND OFF


high-power electric circuits. The exposed conductors in a knife switch make accidental contact with the circuit a distinct possibility, and any sparking that may occur between the moving blade and the stationary contact is free to ignite any nearby flammable materials. Most modern switch designs have their moving conductors and contact points sealed inside an insulating case in order to mitigate these hazards
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EMERGENCY STOP DEVICES


Is a safety mechanism used to shut off a device in an emergency situation in which it cannot be shut down in the usual manner. Unlike a normal shut-down switch/procedure, which shuts down all systems in an orderly fashion and turns the machine off without damaging it, a kill switch is designed and configured to a) completely and as quickly as possible abort the operation, even if this damages equipment and b) be operable in a manner that is quick, simple (so that even a panicking user with impaired executive function can operate it), and, usually, c) be obvious even to an untrained operator or a bystander

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EMERGENCY STOP CONSTRUCTION

Emergency Stop Button This is an emergency stop button and it differs from a standard stop button as follows: It has a large, easy to operate, mushroom shaped actuator. This actuator must be mounted on a yellow background. When operated, the actuator latches in the Off position. The actuator is released by twisting the mushroom shaped head.
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Emergency stop criteria


Must be ready to use at any time. One actuation must result in immediate disconnection (shutdown). Resetting an E-Stop switch must not initiate restarting. The switching device must latch when pressed. Unambiguous identification (red/yellow
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EMERGENCY STOP DEVICES WITH NO(NORMALY OPEN CONTACT )


This additional normally open contact of is used, for example, to inform a monitor or additional safety master of Emergency-Stop operation and to localise and the Emergency-Stop button which has been pressed. Faults can thus be immediately and clearly identified and, if required,. In particular with large installations with several Emergency-Stop buttons, downtimes can thus be reduced because the service technicians can immediately localise where the Emergency-Stop button was pressed.
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Emergency off vs emergency stop


Emergency switching-off with mechanical latching These have direct opening action. The speed of opening of the NC contacts, and therefore the generation of the OFF command, is dependent on the speed with which the button is pressed. The OFF command can (under some circumstances) be generated before the latching mechanism has operated, that is a momentary OFF command can be generated without the mechanism latching.
Emergency stop with trigger action and mechanical latching. These also have direct opening action. The opening of the NC contacts, and the operation of the latching mechanism, are independent of the speed with which the button is pressed. Stored energy in a spring is used to operate both the latching mechanism and the opening of the NC contacts, so that the mechanism cannot latch without the OFF command being generated, and cannot generate the OFF command without latching the mechanism

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Safety limit switch

limit switch is a switch operated by the motion of a machine part or presence of an object. They are used for control of a machine, as safety interlocks When an object comes into contact with the actuator, the device operates the contacts to make or break an electrical connection Limit switches are used in a variety of applications and environments because of their ruggedness, ease of installation, and reliability of operation.

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