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    Particle Moving On A Circle: The Two-Dimensional Rotor: CYL110/Chakravarty

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    zeeshanahmad111
    1) The document describes a classical model of a particle that is restricted to move in a circular path and has rotational kinetic energy as it rotates about the z-axis. 2) It goes over solving the Schrodinger equation for this system, showing that the energy levels are quantized and depend on an integer quantum number n. 3) The energy levels are non-degenerate for the ground state but doubly degenerate for higher states, corresponding to angular momentum vectors of the same magnitude but parallel or antiparallel to the z-axis.

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    Particle Moving On A Circle: The Two-Dimensional Rotor: CYL110/Chakravarty

    Uploaded by

    zeeshanahmad111
    97 views8 pages
    1) The document describes a classical model of a particle that is restricted to move in a circular path and has rotational kinetic energy as it rotates about the z-axis. 2) It goes over solving the Schrodinger equation for this system, showing that the energy levels are quantized and depend on an integer quantum number n. 3) The energy levels are non-degenerate for the ground state but doubly degenerate for higher states, corresponding to angular momentum vectors of the same magnitude but parallel or antiparallel to the z-axis.

    Original Description:

    A lecture on the Quantum mechanics of a 2D rotor

    Original Title

    The 2D Rotor

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    1) The document describes a classical model of a particle that is restricted to move in a circular path and has rotational kinetic energy as it rotates about the z-axis. 2) It goes over solving the Schrodinger equation for this system, showing that the energy levels are quantized and depend on an integer quantum number n. 3) The energy levels are non-degenerate for the ground state but doubly degenerate for higher states, corresponding to angular momentum vectors of the same magnitude but parallel or antiparallel to the z-axis.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    97 views8 pages

    Particle Moving On A Circle: The Two-Dimensional Rotor: CYL110/Chakravarty

    Uploaded by

    zeeshanahmad111
    1) The document describes a classical model of a particle that is restricted to move in a circular path and has rotational kinetic energy as it rotates about the z-axis. 2) It goes over solving the Schrodinger equation for this system, showing that the energy levels are quantized and depend on an integer quantum number n. 3) The energy levels are non-degenerate for the ground state but doubly degenerate for higher states, corresponding to angular momentum vectors of the same magnitude but parallel or antiparallel to the z-axis.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    CYL110/Chakravarty

    Particle Moving on a Circle:


    The Two-dimensional Rotor
    CYL110/Chakravarty
    CYL110/Chakravarty
    The Classical Picture
    Model for understanding rotational
    motion
    Particle restricted to move on a circle
    of radius a with moment of inertia
    I=ma
    2
    Particle only has rotational kinetic
    energy from rotation about z-axis
    which is greater than or equal to zero
    Will move with uniform speed v along
    the circle; therefore, probability of
    finding the particle anywhere on the
    circle is equal
    I
    L
    ma
    L
    E
    z
    2 2
    2
    2
    2
    = =
    x-axis
    y-axis
    r
    |
    |
    |
    sin
    cos
    s Coordinate Polar Circular
    r y
    r x
    =
    =
    I
    L
    ma
    L
    E
    z
    2 2
    2
    2
    = =

    CYL110/Chakravarty
    Solving Schrodingers Equation
    Require an operator representation of L
    z
    2
    operator:

    E
    d
    d
    ma
    =
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2

    Schrodingers equation can then be written as:



    2
    2
    2
    2
    2 2
    2

    ma
    L
    H
    L
    i x
    y
    y
    x
    i
    L
    z
    z
    z
    =
    c
    c
    =
    c
    c
    =
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    c
    c

    c
    c
    =


    CYL110/Chakravarty
    Criteria for choosing the specific solutions:
    1. Probability along the circle must be uniform, given that
    rotation by any angle | leaves the system unchanged
    Can you justify this on the basis of symmetry?
    2. The eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian must also be
    eigenfunctions of the L
    z
    operator.
    Which postulate does this refer to?
    ) exp( ) ( ik A =
    Mathematically allowed general solutions:


    x) cos( ) exp(
    x) cos( ) sin(
    / 2
    ik B ikx A
    k B kx A
    mE k
    + =
    + =
    =


    CYL110/Chakravarty
    Circular Boundary Conditions lead to integer quantum numbers
    and discrete energy levels. Note that these periodic boundary
    conditions are equivalent to requiring that the wavefunction
    must be single-valued.
    ,.... 2 , 1 , 0
    2
    / 2
    ) ( ) 2 (
    2
    2 2
    2
    =
    =
    = =
    = +
    n
    ma
    n
    E
    n E ma k

    t
    Normalization condition
    t
    t
    2 / 1 1 ) (
    2
    2
    0
    = =
    }
    A d
    CYL110/Chakravarty
    Connection with the de Broglie
    equation
    2
    2 2
    2
    2 2
    ma
    n
    E
    mE
    h
    mK
    h
    p
    h
    n

    =
    = = =
    L n t 2 =
    Think of fitting an integer number of wavelengths in along a circle of
    radius a so that there is no phase mismatch
    Since potential energy inside the box is zero, we can write:
    In this case we did not need to solve the Schrodinger equation because
    the potential energy was constant in the region where the probability of
    finding the particle was non-zero. The de Broglie equation does not tell
    us anything about degeneracy.
    CYL110/Chakravarty
    Energy Levels & Wavefunctions
    Each energy level and wavefunction is labeled by a quantum
    number n=0,+/-1,+/-2,+/-3,
    The particle has no zero-point energy. The absence of zero-point
    energy can be understood on the basis of the uncertainty principle.
    The angular variable | is allowed to have any value between 0 and
    2t with equal probability.
    Therefore uncertainity in position is maximum.
    Except for the ground state, all other levels are doubly degenerate.
    The two values of ncorrespond to angular momentum vectors
    which are equal in magnitude but parallel or antiparallel relative to
    the z-axis.
    Find the eigenvalue and uncertainty associated with the
    L
    z
    operator.
    No nodes for the wavefunctions
    Show that the set of wavefunctions of a particle moving on a ring
    forms an orthonormal set

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