E-GOVERNANCE

Website of Ministry of Education of

Pakistan
Group Members:
 Kiran Afshan
 Huma Naz
 MBA ITM 13
 International Islamic university Islamabad
INTRODUCTION
 E-governance is the interaction between
government and citizens and government and
businesses, as well as in and government and
businesses, as well as internal government
operations.

 E-governance refers to the process of using

information and communication technology
for automating internal operations of
government as well as its external
interactions with citizens and other businesses
Why e-government is
important to us
E-government work is intellectually,
emotionally, and ethically challenging.
Government clients often have political
agendas as well as financial constraints.
Information is powerful.
Making government sites usable can help
citizens understand
how their government works
how to access services
how to change the laws and policies under
which they live.
E-governance in the
world
 Europeans and Americas region get the lead
in e-governance whereas Asia, Africa and
Oceania still trying to get huge success in e-
governance
 Developing and developed countries faces the
problem of digital divide and design- reality
gap.
E-governance in Pakistan

Electronic government directorate is wing of

ministry of information and technology of
Pakistan is responsible for
 
Preparation of e-government projects
Implementation of federal level e-government
projects approved by government.
Preparations of standards, guidelines.
Providing technical support to the federal,
provincial, and district department.
Count…
 Pakistan is developing country and faces
many problems and issues with e-governance.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
 
 The objective of this research is to analyze the Website of
ministry of education of Pakistan with respect to its design,
model, internet marketing, legal ethical and social issues
and computer and network security. Also conduct the
SWORT analysis.
Importance of
Government websites:
 Importance of Government websites:
 Making government sites usable can help
citizens understand
how their government works
how to access services
how to change the laws and policies under
which they live.
Characteristics of good e-
government sites:
The informational (institutional) side, which
explains:
Policies. For example, when the garbage is
picked up, which pets need licenses, etc.
Political structure. For example, who reports to
whom and who is elected versus who is
appointed.
The actions (services) side, which lets people
do such things as: 
Pay taxes.
Get a license renewed.
E-government information
architecture
 Information-oriented:
 Includes institutional policies, politics, and procedures.
 Organized around citizens’ lives, not government
bureaucracies.
 Action-oriented:
 Online services.
 Accessible:
 The site has to work for everyone.
 Navigable:
 Understandable navigation, search, index with synonyms, site
map.
 Private and Secure:
 What information is used for. How information is protected.
 People don’t want hackers getting their ID numbers and data
from government sites, or data from one government site
showing up on another.
 Easily maintained and added to
 There are no million-ruble budgets for maintaining government
2 sides of good e-
government sites
The informational (institutional) side, which
explains:
 Policies. For example, when the garbage is picked up,
which pets need licenses, etc.
 Political structure. For example, who reports to whom
and who is elected versus who is appointed.
The actions (services) side, which lets people do
such things as: 
 Pay taxes.
 Get a license renewed.
 Check who owns a building or factory.
LIFE CYCLE:

Pakistan, e-governance is near to complete the embryonic stage

SWORT ANALYSIS
E-Business Model
E-Business Model Used
by Ministry of Education
for their Website:
 
This website is based on portal
model.

where citizens have access to a

variety of information and
Internet Marketing
Domain Name
http://www.moe.gov.pk/

 Its domain name is short and easy to

remember. It is the short form of Ministry of
Education.
Website Design
 Combination of blue and white color is used.
This color scheme is good for professional
website.

 Multimedia and streaming video and audio are

not used.
Make things easy to find
• Make the navigation simple & consistent
• Use A to Z indexes
• Use site maps
• Include search options
Make the navigation simple
& consistent
Use A to Z indexes
Use site maps
Site maps are also good for search-engine optimization (SEO)
Include search options
 One-way information
 Provide access to policies, budgets, and reports

 Explain who does what

Provide access to policies,
budgets, reports
Explain who does what
Two-way information
Encourage participation, listen well
Public relation Methods used by
Website of Ministry of Education:
Provide media cell
Give all Publication on the website.
Provide curriculum and forums on the website
Special events and functions on the website.
 Policy scope
A policy is a collection of high level
statements of intent and procedures
 It should be reasonable, enforceable and
auditable.
Restricted to the single website or web
application but must encompass all
components and related services.
 Mandated by the Chief Information Officer
(CIO), or equivalent
 Website security policy
Defining a security policy can be a
complicated task
Web content should be protected through
content validation tools, digital signatures
and digital rights management
The policy should be broad enough to
include all development, laboratory, test
and production systems
A web site security policy would
normally
include
Data classification scheme
Security rating scheme
Constraints on data based on the schemes
Authentication requirements
Authorization requirements
Encryption requirements
System architecture
Security testing scheme
Logging requirements
Relevant regulatory and legal requirements
 Privacy and Security
Only 14 percent of examined sites have
some form of privacy policy on their site,
and 8 percent have a visible security policy
Need for Standards
Areas of Network and Information Security
Standards
Areas of Network and Information
Security
Standards
Data protection and Retention
Back up and Recovery (Including Disaster
Recovery and Service
Security Appliances (Firewalls, VPN Gateways,
Content filtering
Electronic Mail
SPAM Prevention
Anti Virus
Password Selection
Early Warning Systems (Intrusion Prevention)
Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERT)
Digital Signature
Electronic Commerce
 Web Privacy Policy
Ministry of Education website policy is simple.
They collect no personal information about
visitors unless visitors choose to provide that
information.
They do not give, share, sell, or transfer any
personal information to a third party
Links to Other Sites
 Non-personal Information they
Record
 The type of browser that visitors are using.
 The type of operating system that visitors use
 The date and time visit website, and the web
pages that visitors visit on their site.
 The address of the previous website were
visiting, if visitors linked to MOE from another
website.
 The Internet domain for Internet service, such
as "xcompany.com" or "xcompany.net" if
visitors use a private Internet access account,
or "yourschool.edu" if visitors connect from a
college or university domain.
 Web Security Policy
For security purposes MOE site use special
software programs for monitoring network
traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to
upload or change information
Programs collect no information that would
directly identify individuals, but they do
collect information that could help them to
identify someone attempting to tamper
with this website.
If visitors use website, visitors should
understand that all activities may be
monitored and recorded
 WARNING

If such monitoring reveals possible

evidence of criminal activity, monitoring
records may be provided to law
enforcement officials.
They only use raw monitoring data logs for
determining trends in usage patterns and
in diagnosing system problems.
Number of visitors
 Cookies
A cookie is a small piece of information that is
sent to visitors browser when they access a
website.
There are two kinds of cookies. A session cookie A
persistent cookie
On those pages where MOE uses “ session
cookies" to facilitate visitors use of site, do not
collect personal information about visitors and the
cookie is destroyed when visitors exit browser.
There is no information stored on visitors
computer and no unauthorized files are written
onto visitors disk drives.
Do not collect information about visitors, but only
about their browser "session."
Information from e-mail send to
MOE
If visitors decide to send us an e-mail message,
the message will usually contain visitors return e-
mail address.
t will be destroyed when they complete their
return correspondence.
e-mail addresses are not sold, leased or shared
with any non-governmental or commercial entities
without the user's consent.
e-mail address for purposes of communicating
Visitors are advised not to pass on any personal
and confidential information such as security
passwords and credit card numbers
Government of Pakistan shall not be liable for any
misuse or loss of any such information.
Voluntary Submission of
Information
 Security Measures
 safeguards have been employed to
ensure that any personal information is
secure from destruction, corruption,
unauthorized access and breach of
confidentiality.
 These steps include
3. Individual authentication,
4. The security of transmitted data,
5. Security monitoring,
6. Auditing and encryption of visitors
information.
 Is User Information Shared?
Except as provided by applicable laws, they
do not collect, use or disclose user information
without the user's knowledge and approval.
They do not share user information with third
parties unless they have informed users about
the disclosures or have prior consent.
 Access and Correct Personal
Information
Users concerned about information
contained in their personal records should
contact the custodian of the record
visitors may request changes or annotate
their personal information if they believe it
to be inaccurate
The Government of Pakistan does not
collect any personally identifiable
information other than what you provide.
The automatic data recorded is not
matched with any of that personally
identifiable information, therefore
information cannot be provided about visit.
Policy Revision and Notification of
Changes
The Government of Pakistan may at any time
revise or update this policy without notice.
They may inform their users about policy
changes through notices on this page
containing a version number and date.
Legal and Ethical Issues related to
E-Governance
Ethical Problems for E-government:
 The  issues,  which  arise  in  e­business  and  e­Government,  are  intrinsically 
linked.
  The failure to develop appropriate ethics for a virtual society may result in 
disorder  overwhelming  democratic  dialogue  and  in  mistrust  undermining 
commerce.

Technology And The Workplace:

 Most (75 percent) medium and large companies use technology to monitor 
employees’ email and Internet activities
 Conversely, only 57 percent of employees think employers should have the 
right to monitor their email at work.
   Despite  employee  concerns,  sales  of  email  monitoring  software  are 
expected to grow significantly, from $139 million in 2001, to an estimated 
$662 million in 2006.
  Reasons cited for monitoring include:
            potential  legal  liability  (68%),  security  concerns  (60%),  and  employee 
productivity concerns (45%).
      Websites Privacy Pledge:
  Website makes the following pledge to heir customers: 
o They are committed to protecting the privacy of Users at all times. 
o They  only  shares  Customer  Information  and  other  Personally 
Identifiable  Information  with  third  parties  as  described  in  their 
Privacy Policy. 
o They maintain security standards and procedures designed to protect 
Customer Information and other Personally Identifiable Information. 
Consent to Use Information:
 By using any Product and/or by accepting the License Agreement or 
this Privacy Policy, each User consents to the collection and use of 
all information that the User provides to a website.
  
Policies Regarding the Collection of Information:
 The  primary  reason  that  they  collect  and  maintain  Customer  Information 
and  other  Personally  Identifiable  Information  is  to  serve  Users  and 
administer customer relationships.
o Information  Users  provide  them,  such  as  information  Users  provide  to 
them in the registration process. 
o Information they receive from a Customer that purchases Subscriptions 
for Users, such as registration information. 
o Information  about  Users  as  part  of  the  Products  or  other  User 
experiences, such as the information they receive when a User submits a 
question  through  a  search  box  in  a  Product.  They  collect  Customer 
Information  and  other  Personally  Identifiable  Information  in  a  number 
of ways, such as the following: 
 Registration Process
o In order to use their Products, each User may be asked to complete 
a registration process, which requires providing certain registration 
information to Internet companies or ISP’s.
 Credit Cards: 
o They collect credit card information for billing purposes. For 
convenience  of  customers,  they  do  not  store,  use,  or  share 
credit card information for any other purpose 
 Log Files: 
o They  track  information  about  each  User's  usage  of  the 
Products in log files. They use this information as follows: 
o To analyze trends 
o To administer the Products 
o To  track  statistical  information  about  how  Users  use  the 
Products 
o To  gather  broad  demographic  information  for  aggregate 
use.
o Websites  does  link  information  regarding  a  User's  usage  of 
the Products to the User's Personally Identifiable Information 
  
Policies Regarding the Use and Disclosure of Information 
     Information Use and Sharing:
 They may use and share the Customer Information and other Personally Identifiable 
Information to perform functions such as 
o servicing User accounts
o preparing reports regarding Product use
o  market research, and promotional activities. 

 The  reasons  that  they  share  this  Customer  Information  and  other  Personally 
Identifiable Information include the following: 
 To protect Users. 
o To provide superior service. 
o To tell you about new or enhanced services and/or products. 
o By  understanding  more  about  Users  and  their  use  of  the  Products,  they  can 
better  meet  User  needs  and  determine  how  other  Product  features  could  be  of 
value to Users. 
o E­mail Updates: 
o Customer Information 
o Every  Product  feature  that  they  offer  is  designed  to  reflect  the  ways  Users 
actually use the Products. 
o User Information 
o To improve and develop their information, products and services. 
  Information Confidentiality and Security:
 Web site is committed to prevent any unauthorized access to each User's 
Customer Information and other Personally Identifiable Information.
 a) Security Programs
 web  site  has  taken  technical,  administrative,  and  physical  steps  to  protect 
against  unauthorized  access  to  Customer  Information  and  other  Personally 
Identifiable Information used to administer its customer accounts.
b) User IDs and Passwords. 
 Each  User  is  responsible  for  maintaining  the  confidentiality  of  his  or  her 
User ID and password, and is responsible for all Product activities that occur 
under  his  or  her  User  ID  and  password,  including,  without  limitation,  all 
related Customer Information and other Personally Identifiable Information.
  Tips To Help You Protect Your Information:
   If  any  User  suspects  that  someone  has  had  unauthorized  access  to  his  or 
her  account,  or  access  to  his  Information,  such  as  his  or  her  User  ID  or 
password, the User should send an email to 
     [email protected]    immediately so they can take appropriate action 
to  protect  the  User  and  his  or  her  Customer  Information  and  other 
Personally Identifiable Information. 

 Users may want to consider if it is important to report the crime to local law 
enforcement  agencies  and  to  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  (FTC),  sign 
onto  www.consumer.gov/idtheft.  The  site  also  provides  links  to  numerous 
consumer education materials. 

 If  you have  any questions  or concerns  regarding data protection practices, 

please  send  an  e­mail  message  to  a  Web  site  administrator  at 
[email protected]. 
Recommendations
 Recommendations to
Improve Design
One way Information:

 Show how decisions are made by ministry of

education like how to speak at a meeting, when
and where meetings are held etc
 Organize information by people’s life events, not
by government organization charts
 
Count…
Two way Information:
 
 Provide live and online forums where visitors can
share ideas and information about government
education polices. Through online forum and live
discussion it is east to check people response
about government polices about education
whether their response is positive or negative.
 Accept proposals from citizens.
Improve public
relationship by
 Video clips about new, meetings, and press
releases should be available on the website.

 With the improvements in one way and two way

information distribution public relation should also
improve.
To be recorded as accessible to the disabled, the
site had to display features that would be helpful
to the hearing or visually impaired. For example,
TTY (Text Telephone) or TDD (Telephonic Device
for the Deaf) phone numbers allow hearing-
impaired individuals to contact the agency by
phone.
Second, the site could have web accessibility
features consistent with standards mandated by
groups such as the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C) or local legislative acts.
 Finally, if the site provided text labels for
graphics or text versions of the website, it was
counting as having some degree of accessibility.
 Recommendations
Foreign Language Access
Few city government websites have bi-
language features that allow access to
non-native speaking individuals. By bi-
language feature, we mean any
accommodation to the non-native
speakers, such as text translation into a
different language.
Takes help from standard companies
Oracle is known to offer the most secured
computing environment, and has been
certified against 14 standards of security
requirements in the government , defenses
and financial services industries. Ministry
may takes help from oracle for security in
following areas
Selective Encryption

Evaluated Security
Proxy authentication
Three tier security
 RECOMMENDATIONS
 To keep track of their visitor, the site should use
o A tailored web experience but at the same time its a violation of the privacy
 The site should avoid surveillance. Reasons for surveillance are:
o Slower transmission times
o Harassment suits
o Low productivity 
 The  site  should  follow  the  stated  policy  regarding  the  collection  and  use  of 
visitor’s personal information by using Privacy policy services and software i.e.
o PrivacyBot.com
o TRUSTe
 RECOMMENDATIONS
 The ministry of education should be responsible for a fair use of copyright i.e.
o The use of a copyrighted work for education, research, criticism
o The purpose of the copyrighted work is examined 
o The nature of the copyrighted work is taken into account
o The amount of the material that has been reproduced is reviewed
o The effect is taken into consideration
 The  site  should  promote  online  commerce  by  legitimizing  online  contractual 
agreements