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Presented To: Dr. Salwa El Ramli Prepared By: Amr Mohamed

This document discusses multi-carrier transmission and OFDM. It begins by describing multi-carrier transmission and its drawbacks. It then explains the basic principles of OFDM, how it differs from FDM, and how OFDM modulation and demodulation work. It discusses implementing OFDM using IFFT/FFT and the use of cyclic prefixes to address inter-symbol interference. It also covers frequency domain modeling in OFDM, frequency diversity, parameters for OFDM like subcarrier spacing and number of subcarriers, and OFDMA.

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Rajat Kumar
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216 views29 pages

Presented To: Dr. Salwa El Ramli Prepared By: Amr Mohamed

This document discusses multi-carrier transmission and OFDM. It begins by describing multi-carrier transmission and its drawbacks. It then explains the basic principles of OFDM, how it differs from FDM, and how OFDM modulation and demodulation work. It discusses implementing OFDM using IFFT/FFT and the use of cyclic prefixes to address inter-symbol interference. It also covers frequency domain modeling in OFDM, frequency diversity, parameters for OFDM like subcarrier spacing and number of subcarriers, and OFDMA.

Uploaded by

Rajat Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

Presented to : Dr.

Salwa El Ramli Prepared by : Amr Mohamed

1)Multi carrier transmission:


1.1)Multi carrier transmission. 1.2)drawbacks.

2)OFDM:
2.1)Basic principles. 2.2)OFDM & FDM. 2.3)OFDM modulation 2.4)OFDM demodulation.

2.5)OFDM implementation using IFFT/FFT.


2.6)Cyclic prefix. 2.7)Frequency domain model. 2.8)Frequency diversity. 2.9)Selection of OFDM parameters. 2.10)OFDMA.

Multi carrier transmission


1.1)Multi carrier transmission:

Multi carrier transmission


1.2)Draw backs : 1- We cant make tight subcarrier spacing decrease BW efficiency. 2- Larger variations in the instantaneous transmit power similar to higher order modulation. high cost power amplifier & high power consumption.
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OFDM
2.1)Basic principles:

OFDM
2.2)OFDM & FDM :
OFDM is special case of FDM, the following figures shows what are the difference between Regular FDMsingle carrier and OFDM.

OFDM
2.3)OFDM modulation:

Choosing

the no. of subcarriers and the spacing depends on channel conditions. (BW and freq. spacing) we can find the number of subcarriers. spacing =15 khz& BW=10 Mhz 600 subcarrier.

Given

Ex:

The

word OFDM subcarriers are mutually orthogonal over the time interval mTu t <(m+1)Tu .

OFDM

Basic

OFDM transmission can be seen as the modulation of a set of orthogonal functions

OFDM

The physical resource in case of OFDM transmission is often illustrated as a timefrequency grid according to Figure 4.4 where each column corresponds to one OFDM symbol and each row corresponds to one OFDM subcarrier.
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OFDM

Example of the OFDM signal transmitted versus time.


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OFDM
2.4)OFDM demodulation:

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OFDM
2.5)OFDM implementation using IFFT/FFT:

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OFDM
Any corruption of the frequency-domain structure of the OFDM subcarriers, e.g. due to a frequency selective radio channel, may lead to a loss of inter-subcarrier orthogonality and thus to interference between subcarriers What is the SOLUTION ? ? ? ?

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OFDM
2.6)Cyclic prefix:

In case of time-dispersive channel the orthogonality between the subcarriers will, at least partly be lost, Due to inter-symbol interference within a subcarrier and interference between subcarriers.

Have in mind that time dispersion on the radio channel is equivalent to a frequency-selective channel frequency response. A relatively modest radio-channel frequency selectivity may cause non-negligible interference between subcarriers, Due to the relatively large side lobes of each OFDM subcarrier.
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OFDM
2.6)Cyclic prefix:

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OFDM
2.6)cyclic prefix:

Cyclic-prefix insertion thus increases the length of the

OFDM symbol from Tu to Tu +TCP, with a reduction in the OFDM symbol rate.

Also increasing the samples length from N to N +NCP.


Cyclic prefix is beneficial as long as the span of the time dispersion does not exceed the length of the cyclic prefix.
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OFDM
2.6)Cyclic prefix:

The drawback of cyclic-prefix insertion is that only a fraction Tu/(Tu +TCP) of the received signal power is actually utilized by the OFDM demodulator There is a trade-off between the power loss due to the cyclic prefix and the signal corruption. Time dispersion typically increases with the cell size, beyond a certain cell size there is no reason to increase the cyclic prefix further as the corresponding power loss due to a further increase of the cyclic prefix would have a larger negative impact.
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OFDM
2.7)Frequency domain model:

bk is the transmitted modulation symbol ak scaled and phase rotated by the complex frequencydomain channel tap Hk and impaired by noise nk.
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OFDM

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To properly recover the transmitted symbol for further processing, for example data demodulation and channel decoding, the receiver should multiply bk with the complex conjugate of Hk.

OFDM

Reference symbols, sometimes also referred to as pilot symbols to estimate H Using knowledge about the reference symbols, the receiver can estimate the frequency-domain channel around the location of the reference symbol to use it in the receiver.
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OFDM
2.8)Frequency diversity:

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OFDM
2.9)Selection of basic OFDM parameters:
2.9.1)Subcarrier spacing 2.9.2)Number of subcarriers 2.9.3)T =TCP +Tu or equivalently OFDM symbol rate.

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OFDM
2.9)

Selection of basic OFDM parameters:

The OFDM subcarrier spacing should be as small as possible to minimize the relative cyclic-prefix overhead TCP/(Tu +TCP). too small subcarrier spacing increases the sensitivity of the OFDM transmission to Doppler spread and different kinds of frequency inaccuracies.

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OFDM
Variations in instantaneous power:

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OFDM
2.10)OFDMA :

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SINRtarget at a Throughput = 500 kbps for different channel models:

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SINRtarget(UL) VS ( Nrb.UL & throughput) @ epa5:

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SINRtarget (UL)VS ( Nrb.UL & throughput) @ eva70:

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