Analyzing Data Using Access

What is Data

• Data refers to a collection of

organised fact or information ,
usually the result of experience ,
observation or experiment
 Database and related terms

• Field : field is a data structure for a single

piece of data , For example rollno , name
• Record : Related fields are organized into
records .For example student record is a
collection of rollno , name , course ,
semester
• Table : collection of related records called a
table . For example student table to store
records of students of a particular class .
 Database

• A DATABASE is a collection of
information usually organized in a form
of table or file in such a way that a
computer program can quickly select
desired pieces of data.
• A telephone book is an example of a
database.
Features of Database
DBMS….. Database Management System

• DBMS, is a computer software program

that is designed as the means of
managing all databases that are
currently installed on a system hard
drive or network
 DBMS Features
• Provides a way to structure data as
records, tables, or objects
• Accepts data input from operators and
stores that data for later retrieval
• Provides query languages for
searching, sorting, reporting, and other
"decision support" activities that help
users correlate and make sense of
collected data
 DBMS Features….Contd

• Provides multiuser access to data, along

with security features that prevent some
users from viewing and/or changing certain
types of information
• Provides data integrity features that prevent
more than one user from accessing and
changing the same information
simultaneously
• Provides a data dictionary (metadata) that
describes the structure of the database,
related files, and record information
• Example : Oracle , MS SQL Server , MS
Access
RDBMS .. Realtion Database
Management System

• a type of database management system

(DBMS) that stores data in the form of
related tables.
• An important feature of RDBMS is that
a single database can be spread across
several tables
• Example : MS ACCESS , Oracle
 MS ACCESS Features
1.RDBMS : It is a Relational Database
Management system that is a type of
database management system (DBMS)
that stores data in the form of related
tables.
2.Database : We can create database in MS
ACCESS to store related tables together .
For Example Employee database to store
employee information such as
personaldetail, salary detail ,
departmentdetail .
 MS ACCESS Features…… Contd
1. Tables : MS Access is used to create table in a
datbase , there are different options available in MS
Access to create a table .
• Each table contains information about a
particular subject, such as customers or
orders.
Table contains Fields (or columns) that store
different kinds of data, such as a name or an
address, and, Records (or rows) that collect all
the information about a particular instance of
the subject.
• E.g. All the information about a company
• You can define a primary key (one or more
fields that have a unique value for each record)
and, one or more indexes on each table to help
retrieve your data more quickly
 MS ACCESS Features…… Contd

1. Query : We can create quey in MS Access

• Query in an object that provides a custom
view of data from one or more tables.
• In Access, you can use the graphical query
by example (QBE) facility or you can write
SQL statements to create your queries.
• You can define queries to select, update,
insert, or delete data.
• You can also define queries that create new
tables from data in one or more existing
tables.
 MS ACCESS Features…… Contd

1. Form : We can create forms in MS Access

• Form is an object designed primarily for data
input or display or for control; of application
execution.
• You use forms to customise the presentation
of data that your application extracts for
queries or tables.
• You can also print forms.
• You can design a form to run a macro al
Basic program in response to any of a
number of events- for example, to run a
program when the value of data changes.
 MS ACCESS Features…… Contd

1. Report: We can create query in MS Access .

• Report is an object designed for formatting,
calculating, printing, and summarising
selected data.
• You can view a report on your screen before
you print it.
2. Data Access Page : An object that includes an
HTML file and supporting files to provide access to
your data from Microsoft Internet Explorer
3. Macro : Macro is an object that is a structured
definition of one or more actions that you want
Access to perform in response to a defined event.
 Creating a new database

To create a new database

• Start Access. In the Task Pane, click Blank Database.
• The File New Database dialog box opens.

Creating a New Database

• Choose a file name and location, and then click Create. Your
new database will be opened in the Database Container. Note
that Access 2002 will create a new database in Access 2000
file format for ease with individuals using Access 2000.
 Create Table

• To create a blank (empty) table for entering your own

data, you can:
– Use the Table Wizard to choose the fieldsfor your
table from a variety of predefined tables such as
business contacts, household inventory, or
medical records.
– Create a table in Design view, where you can add
fields, define how each field appears or handles
data, and create a primary key.
– Enter data directly into a blank datasheet. When
you save the new datasheet, Microsoft Access
will analyze your data and automatically assign
the appropriate data type and format for each
field.
Create Table by using Table Wizard

1. Press F11 to switch to the Database window.

2. Click Tables under Objects, and then click New
on the Database window toolbar.
3. Double-click Table Wizard.
4. Follow the directions in the Table Wizard dialog
boxes.
Create Table by using Table Wizard
 Create a table in Design view

1. Press F11 to switch to the Database window.

2. Click Tables under Objects, and then click New
on the Database window toolbar.
3. Double-click Design View.
4. Define each of the fields in your table. Field name ,
Datatype and description
5. Define a primary key field before saving your table.
6. When you are ready to save your table, click Save
on the toolbar, and then type a unique name for the
table.
 Create a table in Design view
Enter a field name that describes Click the Data Type list arrow to see a list of
the purpose of the field. types to select from. A field description is
optional, but it is a good idea to supply one.

Other field
properties can
be set in the
Properties
window.
 Data types in Microsoft Access
• Text :Use for text or combinations of text and
numbers, such as addresses, or for numbers that do
not require calculations, such as phone numbers, part
numbers, or postal codes. Memo :Use for lengthy text
and numbers, such as notes or descriptions.

• Number :Use for data to be included in mathematical

calculations, except calculations involving money
(use Currency type).

• Date/Time : Use for dates and times.

• Currency : Use for currency values and to prevent

rounding off during calculations.
 Data types in Microsoft Access..Contd

• AutoNumber Use for unique sequential (incrementing

by 1) or random numbers that are automatically
inserted when a record is added.

• Yes/No :Use for data that can be only one of two

possible values, such as Yes/No, True/False, On/Off..

• OLE Object Use for OLE objects (such as Microsoft

Word documents, Microsoft Excel spreadsheets,
pictures, sounds, or other binary data) that were
created in other programs using the OLE protocol.

• Hyperlink :Use for hyperlinks. A hyperlink can be a

UNC path or a URL.
Create a table by entering data in a
datasheet
• Press F11 to switch to the Database window
• Click Tables under Objects, and then click New on the
Database window toolbar.
• Double-click Datasheet View. A blank datasheet is
displayed. The default column names are Field1, Field2,
and so on.
• Rename each column you will use: double-click the
column name, type a name for the column, and then
press ENTER.
• You can insert additional columns at any time: click in the
column to the right of where you want to insert a new
column, and then on the Insert menu, click Column.
Rename the column as described in step 4.
• Enter your data in the datasheet.
• When you've added data to all the columns you want to
use, click Save on the toolbar to save your datasheet.
Create a table by entering data in a
Datasheet
 Creating a simple query

To create a simple query

• In the Objects list, click Queries, and then click New on the
Database Container toolbar.
• In the New Query dialog box, click Simple Query Wizard, and
then click OK. The Simple Query Wizard starts.

Creating a Simple Query

• Select the fields that you want to include in the query, and then
click the > button. (Make sure that one of the fields that you
select is the Age field.) Click Next.
• Click Next to produce a detail query.
• In the What title do you want for your query box, name your
query to describe the question that you hope to answer by
running the query. For example, type Students by enrolled
major
• Click Finish to display the completed query.
 Getting specific with criteria

To get specific with criteria

• After creating the previous query, change to Design view by
clicking Design View on the View menu.
-or-
Click the Design View button on the toolbar.

Getting Specific with Criteria

• Click the criteria box in the age column, and then type >45.
• Change to Datasheet view by clicking Datasheet View on the
View menu.
-or-
Click the Datasheet View button on the toolbar.
• You will see the results of your query. Notice that all the ages
of the survey respondents are greater than 45.
• Change back to Design view to revise your query.
• On the File menu, click Save As, and then type a name in the
space provided.
 Creating a crosstab query

To create a crosstab query

• In To create Container,
the Database a crosstab
in thequery
Objects(cont.)
list, click Queries,
and
• thenChange
click New on the Database
to Datasheet view byContainer toolbar. View on the
clicking Datasheet
• View menu.
Click Crosstab Query Wizard, and then click OK.
-or-
• Click Next to Datasheet
indicate thatView
you want
on thetotoolbar.
base your query on the

Creating a Crosstab Query

Click
results table.
• On the File menu, click Save.
• Double-click
-or- major to select its contents as the row headings,
and thenClick
clickSave
Next.on the toolbar.
• Double-click gender to select its contents as the column
headings.
• Click OwnPC as the values for your crosstab, and then click
Next.
• Click Modify the design, and then click Finish to accept the
default name Survey_Crosstab.
 Creating a report

To create
To create aa report
report (cont.)
•• In theNext.
Click Database Container, in the Objects list, click Reports,
and then click New on the Database Container toolbar.
• Select a field to sort by. (For the lab, in the drop-down list, click
• Click Report
name.) Wizard, and then, in the box at the bottom of the
Click Next.
dialog box, select the table or query that will provide the data.
• Choose the layout
(Select Survey forand
the orientation
lab.) by clicking the appropriate
options. (You can preview the affect of each by looking in the
• Click OK.
Preview Theon
pane Report Wizard
the left.) Clickstarts.
Next.
••
••
Select
Double-click
Type
Creating a Report
Select aallstyle
fields
forby
age,
a title, and
clicking
your
andclick
then
theand
report,
thenFinish.
>> then
button,
click Grouping
and
click then click Next.
Next.
Options.
Your report will open in Print
• Preview, so you can examine the proposed output before it is
In the Grouping Intervals dialog box, in the Grouping
printed.
intervals drop-down list, click 10s, and then click OK.
• On the File menu, click Save As. Type the name you want,
and then click OK.
 Creating data access pages

To create data access pages

• In the Database Container, in the Objects list, click Pages,
and then click New on the Database Container toolbar.
• Click Page Wizard, and then click OK.

Creating Data Access Pages

• In the Tables/Queries box, click the appropriate table or
query. (Click Survey_Crosstab for the lab.)
• Click the >> button to select all fields, and then click Next.
• Click Next to continue past the screen that allows the grouping
of records.
• Click Next to continue past the sorting selection.
• Type a name for your page, and then click Finish.
• On the View menu, click Page View to see the page as it will
look in a browser.