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Virtual Machine Explanation

The document discusses the history and evolution of computer architecture from early mechanical computers to modern systems like Intel and Sun Microsystems chips. It covers topics like multilevel machines, operating systems, generations of computers, and Moore's law.

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davelnx2291
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73 views

Virtual Machine Explanation

The document discusses the history and evolution of computer architecture from early mechanical computers to modern systems like Intel and Sun Microsystems chips. It covers topics like multilevel machines, operating systems, generations of computers, and Moore's law.

Uploaded by

davelnx2291
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

Chapter 1

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Languages, Levels, Virtual Machines

A multilevel machine
Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Contemporary Multilevel Machines

A six-level computer. The support method for each level is indicated below it .
Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Evolution of Multilevel Machines


Invention of microprogramming Invention of operating system Migration of functionality to microcode Elimination of microprogramming

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Operating System Tasks

A sample job for the FMS operating system


Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Milestones in Computer Architecture (1)

Some milestones in the development of the modern digital computer.


Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Milestones in Computer Architecture (2)

Some milestones in the development of the modern digital computer.


Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Computer Generations
Zeroth Generation Mechanical Computers (1642 1945) First Generation Vacuum Tubes (1945 1955) Second Generation Transistors (1955 1965) Third Generation Integrated Circuits (1965 1980) Fourth Generation Very Large Scale Integration (1980 ?)
Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Von Neumann Machine

The original Von Neumann machine.


Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

PDP-8 Innovation Single Bus

The PDP-8 omnibus

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

IBM 360

The initial offering of the IBM product line.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Technological and Economic Forces

Moores law predicts a 60-percent annual increase in the number of transistors that can be put on a chip. The data points given in this figure are memory sizes, in bits.
Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

The Computer Spectrum

The current spectrum of computers available. The prices should be taken with a grain (or better yet, a metric ton) of salt.
Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Personal Computer
1. Pentium 4 socket 2. 875P Support chip 3. Memory sockets 4. AGP connector 5. Disk interface 6. Gigabit Ethernet 7. Five PCI slots 8. USB 2.0 ports 9. Cooling technology 10. BIOS
A printed circuit board is at the heart of every personal computer. This figure is a photograph of the Intel D875PBZ board. The photograph is copyrighted by the Intel Corporation, 2003 and is used by permission.
Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Example Computer Families


Pentium 4 by Intel UltraSPARC III by Sun Microsystems The 8051 chip by Intel, used for embedded systems

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Intel Computer Family (1)

The Intel CPU family. Clock speeds are measured in MHz (megahertz) where 1 MHZ is 1 million cycles/sec.
Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Intel Computer Family (2)

The Pentium 4 chip. The photograph is copyrighted by the Intel Corporation, 2003 and is used by permission.
Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Intel Computer Family (3)

Moores law for (Intel) CPU chips.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

MCS-51 Family

Members of the MCS-51 family.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Metric Units

The principal metric prefixes.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

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