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How To Translate Names.

Proper nouns refer to specific individuals and differ from common nouns. Personal names can pose translation challenges as the meaning and order of names varies across cultures. When translating personal names, translators must consider strategies like transliteration, cultural transplantation, or replacing the name while maintaining cultural connotations to accurately convey the intended meaning. The translation approach depends on how names are used within the text.

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360 views13 pages

How To Translate Names.

Proper nouns refer to specific individuals and differ from common nouns. Personal names can pose translation challenges as the meaning and order of names varies across cultures. When translating personal names, translators must consider strategies like transliteration, cultural transplantation, or replacing the name while maintaining cultural connotations to accurately convey the intended meaning. The translation approach depends on how names are used within the text.

Uploaded by

JONASBARRERA
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROPER NOUNS (PNs) (proper names)

Names serve to distinguish a particular individual from others.


nouns are divided into

COMMON names.
on the other hand

PROPER names.
refer to a specific referent

Man Woman Boy

Mike Peter Alice

A growing body of research shows that different translation procedures are applied in the process of translating personal names.

Albert Peter Vermes: "The translation of proper names has often been considered as a simple automatic process of transference from one language into another, due to the view that proper names are mere labels used to identify a person or a thing. Contrary to popular views, the translation of proper names is a nontrivial issue, closely related to the problem of the meaning of the proper name."

*All languages have particular personal names, some of which are deeply rooted in the culture of the speakers of the specific language .

*Personal names can pose unique difficulties in the comprehension of culturespecific texts.

*It is interesting to note that some personal names have specific connotations. Hatam Taaei (the name of a very generous man in Iranian storiesis a symbol of generosity) Accordingly, if a translator, who unaware of this fact, encounters this sentence "My father is Hatam Taaei" in a conversation of two friends talking about their fathers' characteristics, the translator may erroneously assume that the speaker introduces his or her father's name, not his personality.
For example:

*Translators must consider the fact that the order of first name and surname is not the same in all languages.

Korean Japanese Hungarian languages


for example: Surname comes before first name. *whereas this order is reversed in: English French Most other Western languages.

Preliminary Considerations
1. Definition of Proper Noun. *"a word that serves the purpose of showing what thing it is that we are talking about, but not of telling anything about it." 2. Personal Names. *A personal name is the proper name identifying individual person. *It is nearly universal for a human to have a name. +Researchers from the University of North Carolina, Wilmington, studying bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay, Florida, found that the dolphins had personal names for one another. In this case, the interesting point is that a dolphin chooses its name as an infant.

Type of Personal Name Given name


First name or Christian name Praenomen

Definition A given name is a name that is assumed by a person at or after birth.


In Europe and North America, where the given name precedes the family name, given names are called first names or forenames. The praenomen (plural praenomina) was the ancient Roman given name. In Roman documents the praenomen was often abbreviated to one or two letters. the middle name is a secondary given name. When the full name is presented, it is placed between the first name and the surname. For example George W. Bush. It is a name passed from one generation to the next. In many cultures a woman adopts her husband's family name when they are married. The nomen was the Roman gens's name. Originally cognomina were nicknames, but by the time of the Roman Empire they were inherited from father to son.

Middle name

Family name or last name or surname Nomen Cognomen

Nickname Agnomen

A nickname is a substitute for a person's real name. Usually they were nicknames acquired at some point during the lifetime

Pet name

A pet name of a given name is a short and/or affectionate form. Often they are only used by friends and relatives.
It is the same as a pet name. They can be formed through various methods in different languages. A byname is a secondary name used to further identify a person. They were often nicknames (for example Erik the Red)

Diminutive Byname

Generation name

The generation name is used by some Chinese and Korean families. It is a name given to all newborns of the same generation of an extended family.
A matronym (also matronymic) is a name derived from the name of the mother or another maternal ancestor. A filiation attached to a name describes the bearer's paternal descent.

Matronym Filiation

How to Translate Personal Names? Peter Newmark :


Hervey and Higgins : *Exotism: The name should remain unchanged from the SL to the TL. *Transliteration: The name is shifted to conform to the phonic or graphic rules of the TL . *Cultural transplantation: The SL name is replaced by the TL name that has the same cultural connotation as the original one *people's names should not be translated when their names have no connotation in the text. *in communicative translation should be translated where proper names are treated connotatively

Heikki Srkk : *They can be transported completely from the TL to the SL *They can be replaced with more or less different names in the TL..

Theo Hermans: *They can be copied, i.e. reproduced in the target text exactly as they were in the source text. Farzanne Farahzad: *The exact transcription of personal names is not always possible; that is, all languages do Anthony Pym : not have the same consonants or *Proposes that proper vowels names not be translated.

Lincoln Fernandes:t * COPY: the name of the ST is exactly replicated in the TT

CONCLUTION:
*Being familiar with the culture, translators sometimes can infer some implied information such as gender, nationality, race, class, or religion from personal names.
*It is clear that translators must be familiar with culture of both the source and target languages. *It should be noted that translators do not always use the same strategy for translation of all personal names in all kinds of texts. *The author strongly recommends that whatever strategies translators use, especially in scientific texts, they should mention the original name with the SL alphabets in the footnotes or endnotes in order to facilitate further research for readers in the target language.

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