EAA 384 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

ARVINTHRAN RAJA KUMARAN MOHAMAD FIKHRI BIN MOHD. NAJIB MUHAMMAD TAUFIQ BIN ABDUL RASHID NUR ATIKAH BT. SHUIB SITI AISHAH BT. MOHD PILUS

OVERALL VIEW OF THE BUILDING

VARIOUS BUILDING PLANS

Pile Point Layout

Pile Cap Drawing

Ground Floor Plan

Beam Drawing

Roof Truss Plan

Pile Cap Details

VARIOUS BUILDING PLANS

Staircase Plan Floor Plan

CROSS SECTION B-B OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SCHOOL

FRONT VIEW OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SCHOOL

REAR VIEW OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SCHOOL

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE OF SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SETTING OUT

Setting out is the first step in construction and is done to mark out the points and positions of a structure. This step is done once earthwork is completed.

PILING (SPUN PILE)

Once the setting out is done and the pile points have been set, pile driving work can commence.

CONSTRUCTION OF PILE CAP

Once pile driving work has been completed, the piles are cut to the desired level and pile cap construction can commence.

CONSTRUCTION OF GROUND BEAM AND FLOOR SLAB

Once pile caps has been constructed, the ground beam and floor slab can commence.

STRUCTURE WORK UNDER CONSTRUCTION

The skeleton of the building is visible and early shape of the building can be seen.

STEPS IN CONSTRUCTION OF SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

Site investigation of information to be analyzed before construction, structural and design work is done.

SITE IDENTIFICATION

Site position, area, landform, existing infrastructure and utilities.

SITE MEASUREMENT

Based on topography, map of geology, site location. Stated bench mark or boundary. To determine layer of soil, strength, type, characteristic & water table. Produce a safe and economic design for foundation.

SOIL INVESTIGATION

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

Three phase design. Architecture, Civil & Structural.
DESIGN CONSTRUCTION

PREPARING DRAWING AND SPESIFICATION OF WORK

Structure drawing, shop drawing, construction drawing. Work specification, addendum specification.

Lump sum Bill of quantities (BQ)

COSTING

PREPARATION FOR CONSTRUCTION

Work of this section includes all measurement and materials required to complete the supply, execution and construction of site preparation. Clear, from all areas planned for the work, buildings, materials, debris, prior to the cutting and filling taking all necessary precautions to prevent damage to the existing road structures and buildings or SITE CLEARING facilities, in the area, which shall not be demolished. Used during construction period before the real access road is constructed.

TEMPORARY ACCESS

PROJECT SIGNBOARD

To inform that the project is being implemented or under construction.

PREPARATION FOR CONSTRUCTION

To prevent people from entering the construction area. For safety purposes.
HOARDING

For safety requirement, safety of workers and people surrounding the site.
SAFETY SIGNAGE

Suitable space to keep or load material such as rebar, piling and formwork.
STORAGE FOR MATERIAL

PREPARATION FOR CONSTRUCTION

For storage equipment, document, drawing & computer.
SITE OFFICE

For usage during construction period. Water, electrical, telephone & sanitation.
TEMPORARY UTILITIES

TEMPORARY PLACE FOR WORKERS

For construction workers to stay during construction period.

CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Should be identified and emphasized that all work carried out in accordance with the requirements and specifications

STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION

From sub structure, super structure, steel work(truss).

PREPARATION FOR CONSTRUCTION

Complete man power, machinery, material, money, method.

SITE CLEARING

Clear all areas planned for the work, all buildings, materials & debris.

CONSTRUCTION STAGE
SURVEY
Check the existing bench marks and reference points located on or out of the site as indicated. Establish newly standard bench marks and points for the works within the site.
Prior to execution of the works the contractor shall check the existing reference points. Principal points shall be established taking advantage of the existing reference points. Individual principal point posts shall be of wood, 15cm x 15 cm size, with an indicating nail on the top, the surface of the post above the ground shall be painted white. Establishment of temporary bench marks shall be determined and posts shall be of wood, 12cm x 12cm x 100cm in size, with an indicating nail on the top, the surface of the post above ground shall be painted. Setting out for survey shall be done with the agreement of the Engineer.

TRANVERSING & PRINCIPAL POINT

BENCH MARK & SETTING OUT

CONSTRUCTION STAGE
SUB-STRUCTURE
Work below level. Piling, pile cap, stump and ground beam.

SUPERSTRUCTURE

Work on upper level Slab, column, beam, roof beam, truss, roof.

FACILITIES

Mechanical, electrical, plumbing, sanitary, air conditioning, fire fighting, networking.

CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Earth work consists of excavation, back filling and disposal of surplus Material. Work of this section includes all measures and materials required to complete the design . supply, support, use, construction, removal of earth work.

EXCAVATION

Excavate & remove unsuitable material to the lengths, widths and exact depths required for the construction of the works.

DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS MATERIAL BACKFILLING

Surplus excavated material not suitable for re-use and transport such surplus to a disposal area. Filling shall be carried out in such a way and to such a generous depth as to ensure that the final surfaces after settlement and compaction conform to the levels indicated in the drawings and specifications.

SUB-STRUCTURE
Work below the surface of the ground

PILING

PILE CAP

The pile is designed to carry as its part of the total support of the foundation loading. Specified in the drawings for this building is 450mm spun pile. Test pile, pile record

STUMP GROUNDBEAM

Size, type, anti-termite, rebar, cover, Formwork, concrete, lean concrete.

SUPER-STRUCTURE
Work above the surface of the ground.

SLAB STAIRCASE

Apron and perimeter drain Type Bars Formwork Anti-Termite Treatment

COLUMN
BEAM
STEEL TRUSS

Concrete Grade

Waterproofing (Damp Proof Course)

ROOF BEAM

FINISHING WORK
BRICKWORK
PLASTERING TILING/RENDERING DOOR & WINDOW
CEILING & ROOF COVER
Door and window frame

Exmet Mortar Wall

Painting
Skirting Fascia board, gutter, rain water down pipe Roof insulation

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORK

Electrical
Wiring Conduit Lights, socket, fan, switchboar d

Air-Cond
Split Unit, Ceiling Cassette type, Wall Mounted Using DOL Starter

FIRE FIGHTHING

Active
Smoke detector, break glass, heat detector

Passive
Hose reel

PLUMBING & SANITARY

Piping
Direct

Sanitary
Manhole
Toilet Fitting/Accessories

Water tank

MATERIALS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONCRETE

Polymer or cement-based binders, compounds or aggregate mixtures for joining components and forming structures. Concrete is used for making architectural structures, foundations, brick or block walls, pavements, reservoirs, pipes and poles.

CEMENT

Cement is the most important material in the construction world. It acts as a binder for all constituent materials in concrete, mortar or adhesives. Cement is made from limestone and other chemicals in cement plants. Cement can be stored in silos, tankers or packed into bags normally weighing 50kg each. There are various cement brands such as Lafarge, CIMA, Tasek Cement and YTL Cement.

SAND

Sand is a critical material in construction as it is the main building material after cement. Sand is used to mix concrete, mortar and also acts as a backfilling material. Sand can be dredged from rivers or abandoned mining pools.

STEEL REINFORCEMENT BAR

Steel reinforcement bars provide tensional force as concrete is a material weak in tension but strong in compression. There are two types of reinforcement bars commonly used in the construction industry which is High Tensile Bars (marked as T) and Hot Rolled Mild Steel Bar (marked as R). T bars are used for main reinforcements while R bars are used as shear links for structural

TIMBER

Tmber is a widely used material in construction mostly as formwork, mould or falsework for concrete casting of various structural components.

WATER TANK (POLYURETHANE)

The purpose of this tank is to store and distribute water through a water reticulation system that will be installed in the building.

PAINT

Paint is classified under architectural finishes,. Paint is actually a chemical compound consisting of petroleum by products and colour to create a liquid mix that can be applied to any finished surface by means of brushing or spraying to produce a smooth, colourful and attractive surface finish.

ALUMINIUM ROOF TRUSS

Aluminium roof truss is new in roof construction. Previously, timber roof trusses were used to hold roof structures. The aluminium roof truss system consists of C-channels bolted together to form a complete truss.

TILES

Tiles come in various shapes and sizes to accommodate different needs in order to cover a surface be it a floor or a wall. It comes under architectural finishes in building. Tiles are bonded to the surface using mortar with bond adhesives made specially for tile laying purposes.

ROOF TILES

Roof tiles are made of cement or clay and laid as the top most layer of building roofs. They come in special shape to allow rain water to be drained off to gutters. Mortar or any form of adhesive is not required to interlock these roof tiles as they have grooves and interlock with each other through the grooves.

CRUSHER RUN

Crusher Run is crushed aggregate mixed with sand or quarry dust which is ideally used as a backfilling material for floor slabs or even the road base for roads. It is a strong and tough material which does not soften excessively with the presence of water therefore making it a suitable base course. Sometimes crusher run is used as the top layer for estate or rural roads.

LINTEL BEAMS

Lintel beams are solid lean concrete beams used to transfer the load of brick walls above any fixtures such as doors or windows to prevent the brick wall load from crushing the fixture frames.

BRICKS

Bricks are used as building blocks for building walls or to build a blockade or partition of any kind. Bricks are mainly made out of clay but nowadays sand bricks have taken over the popularity of clay bricks as it is cheaper to produce. Bricks are made in a single standard size and must be held together in a certain configuration (arrangement) by the help of a binder material such as mortar. In olden days, bricks were used in major structural components such as bridge piers but nowadays that has been replaced by reinforced concrete.

SPUN PILES (CIRCULAR PILES)

Spun piles are circular in shape and have the ability to hold more load as they are prestressed spun piles. The concept of this foundation system is the same as R.C square piles as it is also a large displacement pile and has to be hammered or injected into the ground either until it hits bedrock or it is held tightly by negative skin friction. Spun piles can come is lengths of 6m and 12 m and is chosen depending on the Geotechnical engineers instruction for foundation work based on the S.I report. One of the most famous manufacturers of spun piles in Malaysia is ICP.

MACHINES USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

EXCAVATOR

An excavator is a machine that can excavate soil of various types forcefully and then using hydraulic system a hydraulic force is generated and utilizing this force bucket is pull back towards the machine. Bucket of excavator is replace able. If front bucket is exchange with some other attachments then excavator can be used for multi-

BACKHOE

Backhoe loaders are very common and can be used for a wide variety of tasks such as small demolitions, light transportation of building materials, powering building equipment, digging holes/excavation, landscaping and breaking asphalt.

AGRICULTURE TRACTOR (BACK PUSHER)

The back pusher proves to be a very good tool in all construction work sites. It was used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble and gravel. Although it has less power than the bulldozer, rental fees and the spare parts of the back pusher are much cheaper than the bulldozer.

MOBILE CRANE
A crane is a lifting machine. It can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. Its mechanical advantage helps move loads beyond the normal capability of a human.

ROLLER COMPACTOR
Roller compactor are used to compact soil, gravel, concrete , or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations.

It also use the weight of the vehicle to compress the surface being rolled (static) or use mechanical advantage (vibrating).

PILING RIG
Piling rig is a construction machine for piling in foundation engineering.

It is mainly applied to drill in sandy soil, clay, silty clay and etc.
It used to drive piles into soil to provide foundation support for buildings or other structures

CONCRETE TRUCKS

Concrete trucks are made to transport and mix concrete up to the construction site. It maintains the material's liquid state through agitation, or turning of the drum, until delivery.

DUMP TRUCKS

Dump trucks are used for transporting loose material such as sand, gravel, or dirt for construction. It equipped with hydraulic pistons to lift the front and allowing the material in the bed to be deposited on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery.

VIBRO HAMMER

A complete rig for driving and extracting sheet piles, incorporating all control functions for vertically, rotation and position.

VIBRATOR

Vibration of concrete is carried out for the sake of consolidation. The main objective of vibration is to compact the concrete and to achieve the maximum possible density of concrete. Vibration of concrete helps to remove air void without affecting much the properties of fresh concrete.

PLATE TYPE VIBRATOR COMPACTOR

A compactor is a machine that compact the layers of various materials and reduce the thickness of the respective layer by reducing the air voids.

PORTABLE LIFTING HOIST

A portable lifting hoist is used to carry small items in a bucket to higher floors during construction. Materials such as sand, cement or bricks can be carried using this small but powerful machine. It is convenient to used, takes up little pace and can be mounted to a floor slab. It can carry a combined load of 300lbs and consists of a 5HP 4-stroke petrol engine and a 2HP 220V electric motor.

GENERATOR (GENSET)
Generators are used to supply power tools at construction sites. Generators are also used for emergencies or backup where either a redundant system is required or no generator is on site.

WELDING SET
Welding sets are used to join together metal pieces by heating the surfaces to the point of melting. This is often done by melting the work pieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint.

WATER PUMP

Dewatering purpose to get rid of water before concrete casting or constructing structures below water level such as coffer dams.

AIR COMPRESSOR

Air compressors are used as a method to cut of piles or drill holes using attachments such as cutter blades by introducing compressed air to cut objects..

BAR BENDING MACHINE

Bar bending machine used for bending reinforcement bars and various forms of round bars. The automatic angle selection permits precise bend at a preset angle making it one step bending process for various forms of bends and stirrups.

BAR CUTTING MACHINE

Bar cutting machine is robustly built to with stand the stress while shearing of rebar and various forms of steel bars. Durable fast and easy to use, this machine gives a one-shot cutting operation with perfect cutting accuracy thus minimizing the use of labor and long drawn cutting process for single cuts.

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