HPH 562 DATA MANAGEMENT & INFORMATICS

Sept 5, 2012

Lecture 2: Getting your Data into SAS

By: Jamie Romeiser *Lectures are not to be redistributed without prior written consent

Organization Tips:

Create a folder for each class meeting Save all class documents in that folder
Lecture Lecture

Code Lecture Databases

Use this folder as your SAS library folder for that class.

Lecture Outline

Two Parts of SAS Programming

Data Proc The Data Step How it works Temporary:

Conceptual Model

Temporary Vs Permanent Datasets:

Method 1: Importing DBMS Files Method 2: Table Entry Method 3: Internal Raw Data (Code) Method 4: External Raw Data
Method 1: Libname Method 2: Point and Click

Permanent

Types of Variables in Brief:

Character, Numeric

Set statement Proc Contents

Lecture Code
*-----------------------------------* * HPH 562 * * Class 2 * *-----------------------------------*------------------------------------------* * Temporary Datasets * * Method 1:Importing data through the import wizard * * Method 2: Input data via SAS Table * * Method 3a: Internal Raw Data, List Input ; * * Method 3b: Internal Raw Data, Column Input; * * Method 4: External Raw Data; * * Permanent Databases * * Method 1: Libname * * Method 2: Point and Click * * Set Statement; * * Proc Contents; * *------------------------------------------------------------------------------*;

Two Parts of SAS Programming Code

Data Steps Creating new datasets Reading and modifying data

*Example of Creating New data examp1; Dataset; input ID BMI Gender $ VitDDefincient; datALinEs; 4687 31 F 0 7542 17 M 1 9637 18 F 1 ; run; *Example of Modifying a data examp2; Dataset; set examp1; If Gender = 1 or BMI>= 18.5 then FRAILTY=1; Else Frailty=0; run;

Proc Steps Print reports Perform utility functions Analyze data

proc print data=examp1; *Example of Report; run; proc freq data=examp1; *Example of Utility table Gender*VitDDeficient; Function; run; proc means data=examp1; *Example of Analyzing Var BMI; Data; run;

SAS Conceptual Model

Raw Data to be Analyzed

Data Analysis in a finished report

DATA step statement; Data

More SAS Statements;

SAS Datase t

PROC step SAS Procedure Statements;

Results of analysis

SAS Conceptual Model (Vitamin D Paper Example)

Raw Data: NHANES III Surveys

Data Analysis in a finished report

Bring data into SAS; Apply Inclusion Criteria; Create Outcome Frailty Variable; Create other predictor Variables;

DATA Data statements; step

PROC Proc step Statements; Frequency Tables; Odds Ratios (i.e. Logistic Regression);

Results of analysis

SAS Datase t

SAS Conceptual Model: Data Step

Data Statement applied to dataset A; Is there data to read?
Ye s No Ye s
Data DatasetB; *Create a new dataset called datasetB; set DatasetA; *From datasetA i.e. use DatasetA as the base; Statement 1; *I want you to make the Statement 2; following changes to Statement 3; datasetA; Statement 4; Statement 5; Statement 6; Run; *Execute my statements up to here;

No

Is there another Data Statemen t?

Example Code:
Data DatasetB; set DatasetA; Frail1=0; if BMI<=18.5 then Frail1 = 1;

Reads Data and Executes Statement Writes observation into dataset B Done. Modification s are now in dataset B

Frail2=0; if SLOWWALK=1 then Frail2 = 1; FRAILTY=0; if Frail1=1 or Frail2=1 then FRAILTY = 1; Run;

SAS Conceptual Model (Vitamin D Paper Example)

Raw Data: NHANES III Surveys

Data Analysis in a finished report

Bring data into SAS; Apply Inclusion Criteria; Create Outcome Frailty Variable; Create other predictor Variables;

DATA Data statements; step

PROC Proc step Statements; Frequency Tables; Odds Ratios (i.e. Logistic Regression);

Results of analysis

SAS Datase t Where?

Temporary Vs. Permanent Datasets

Temporary Datasets:
Stored
All

in Work Folder within SAS Libraries

files that SAS stores in the WORK library are deleted at the end of a session (i.e. temporary)

Temporary Vs. Permanent Datasets

Creating a Temporary Dataset:

Method
Using

1: Importing DBMS Files

2: Table Entry 3: Internal Raw Data (Code)

Import Wizard to bring in datasets stored excel or access format. data into SAS table it in your code

Method
Enter Type

Method Method
Pulling

4: External Raw Data

in Data stored in .txt format, but specifying variable names

Temporary Vs. Permanent Datasets

Creating a Temporary Dataset:

Method

1: Importing Database Management System (DBMS) files ID Heig Gende Intervention Result
Excel/Access

Year 2006 2006

1997-2003 Steps for Import Wizard:

File Import Data Select Excel Find Dataset Select Sheet Name It Finish

ht 46 752 67 71

r F M 0 0 Yes No

9673
969

62
69

F
M

1
1

Yes
Yes

2006
2006

PROC IMPORT OUT= WORK.datasetname DATAFILE= DRIVE:\Foldername\datasetname.xls" DBMS=EXCEL REPLACE; RANGE="Sheet1$"; GETNAMES=YES; MIXED=NO; SCANTEXT=YES; USEDATE=YES; SCANTIME=YES; RUN;

Temporary Vs. Permanent Datasets

Creating a Temporary Dataset:

Method
Hand

2: Table Entry

Entering Data into SAS Table Steps (must be in the Explorer Window):
File New Table Enter Data Label Variables

You

will hardly ever use this method.

Temporary Vs. Permanent Datasets

Creating a Temporary Dataset:

Method
Input

3: Internal Raw Data

ID Heig ht Gende r Intervention Result Year

raw data via code (a) List Input:

46
752

67
71 62 69

F
M F M

0
0 1 1

Yes
No Yes Yes

2005
2005 2005 2005

Each data value is 9673 separated by one space 969

1. 2. 3.

input statement Define the variables, character$ or numeric Specify the location of the raw data (in this case, your location is datalines, meaning youre inputting the raw data

data example2; input ID Height Gender $ Intervention Result $ Year; datalines; 46 67 F 0 Yes 2005 752 71 M 0 No 2005 9673 62 F 1 Yes 2005 969 69 M 1 Yes 2005 ; run;

Temporary Vs. Permanent Datasets

Creating a Temporary Dataset:

Method
Input

3: Internal Raw Data

ID 46 752 9673 969 Heig ht 67 71 62 69 Gende r F M F M Intervention 0 0 1 1 Result Yes No Yes Yes Year 2004 2004 2004 2004

raw data via code (b) Column Input:

Each data value is separated in a defined data example3; input ID 1-4 Height 9-10 column Year 29-32;
datalines;

1. 2. 3.

input statement Define the variables, character$ or numeric Specify the location of the raw data (in this case, your location is datalines, meaning youre inputting the raw data

Gender $ 17 Intervention 21 Result $25-27

1 2 2 1-------9-------7-------5---9--46 67 F 0 Yes 2004 752 71 M 0 No 2004 9673 62 F 1 Yes 2004 969 69 M 1 Yes 2004 ; run;

Temporary Vs. Permanent Datasets

Creating a Temporary Dataset:

Method
Input

4: External Raw Data

Gende r F M F M Intervention 0 0 1 1 Result Yes No Yes Yes Year 2004 2004 2004 2004

raw data, usually a .txt ID Heig file, via link ht

46 752 9673 67 71 62 69

1.

2. 3.

Specify the location of the raw data (in this case, your location is a browser location); input statement Define the variables, character$ or numeric

969

data example4; infile "G:\HPH 562\Class 2 Final\Example4\ex4.txt"; input ID Height Gender $ Intervention Result $ Year @@; run;

Temporary Vs. Permanent Datasets

Permanent Datasets:
Datasets

have two names Stored in a folder you create within SAS Libraries Purposes
Store

data as permanent SAS datasets Retrieve SAS datasets

Class2a

Temporary Vs. Permanent Datasets

Creating a Library to create/to access your Permanent databases

Method 1: Libname Statement

libname Class2a "J:\HPH 562 2011\Lecture 2\Class2Data"; run;

Name of library

Location of your library

Method 2: Non-programming method

While the Explorer window is highlighted, click File/New Fill in required fields (name of folder, location of folder)

Tip: If youre returning to the same code every time, its easier to form your library through the Libname statement.

Temporary Vs. Permanent Datasets

Class2a

J:\

2
J:\Class2a

CLASS2A

Hmwk2

Class2a

Make a folder called Class2a

Download or save your SAS database into this folder.

Now, in SAS, create a permanent library referencing the folder where your database is saved.

libname PICKLE J:\CLASS2A"; run;

If you did it correctly, you will see the Hmwk2 appear in your Homework permanent library. The full name of this database is now Homework.Hmwk2. NOTE: You will also see any other SAS databases that are stored in that folder (J:\CLASS2A) data VitD; set PICKLE.Hmwk2; run;

Finally. What can you do?

Taking a Permanent Database and Making it Temporary:

*Permanent Databases have 2 names

Libname PermFoldername BrowserAddress"; run; data nameoftemporarydatabase; set Permfoldername.databasename; run; Location of Library where my data PERMANENT is stored

Name of Library where my PERMANENT data is stored

Libname BASIL"G:\HPH 562\DRAFT\Datasets\NAMCSIII "; run; Name of new Temporary Database data Slide20; set BASIL.namcsedit; run; Name of my Permanent database

Taking a Temporary Database and Making it Permanent:

Code:
data PermFolderName.Permdatabase; set tempdatabase; run;

Example
data BASIL.SLIDE; set slide21; run;

In Summary: Getting Data into SAS

Accessing a SAS database

MUST CREATE A LIBRARY WHERE THE PERMANENT SAS DATABASE IS STORED in order to access database

The only way to look at an Excel database is through the Excel program. Same thing with SAS. The only way to look at a SAS database in through the SAS program. The difference between the two is the SAS program does not automatically open when you try to open a SAS database. You must physically open SAS first, and create a permanent library where that database is stored. Then, you may look at the data.

It is already is permanent! Permanent means that it is a SAS database.

Use the Import Wizard! (point & click: file, import, name, etc.) It will be temporary! (Work folder) Use Code (Input & Datalines Commands) It will be temporary! (Work folder) Use Code and site the browser location of data (Input & INFILE commands) It will be temporary! (Work folder)

Excel/Access Databases:

Inputting Internal Raw Data:

Inputting External Raw Data ( .TXT data)

Proc Contents

Shows (In the output window) information about your dataset

Number

of Observations Variables
Name
Type Length

Proc Contents data=nameofdataset; run;

Example

Proc Contents data=example3; run;