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Quadratic Functions, Quadratic Expressions, Quadratic Equations

The document discusses quadratic functions, expressions, and equations. It defines quadratic functions as functions of the form f(x)=ax^2+bx+c where a,b,c are real numbers and a≠0. It describes how to factor quadratic expressions using splitting the middle term method or finding two numbers whose product is the constant and sum is the coefficient of the linear term. It also introduces the quadratic formula and discriminant for solving quadratic equations, and describes how the sign of the discriminant determines the nature of the roots.

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Huraiz Kaleem
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81 views20 pages

Quadratic Functions, Quadratic Expressions, Quadratic Equations

The document discusses quadratic functions, expressions, and equations. It defines quadratic functions as functions of the form f(x)=ax^2+bx+c where a,b,c are real numbers and a≠0. It describes how to factor quadratic expressions using splitting the middle term method or finding two numbers whose product is the constant and sum is the coefficient of the linear term. It also introduces the quadratic formula and discriminant for solving quadratic equations, and describes how the sign of the discriminant determines the nature of the roots.

Uploaded by

Huraiz Kaleem
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quadratic Functions, Quadratic Expressions, Quadratic Equations

QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS Definition: A quadratic function is a function of the form 2

f ( x) = ax + bx + c

where a, b, c are real numbers and a 0.


2 ax + bx + c The expression on the right-hand-side

is called a quadratic expression.

FACTORING QUADRATIC EX RESSIONS!

Given integers.

ax + bx + c where
2
2

a, b, c are

Case 1 a = 1! we have
2

x + bx + c

x + bx + c = ( x + p)( x + q) if and onl" if b = p + q and c = pq

QUADRATIC EX RESSIONS! FACTORED FOR"

Example:

Factorise x $ x + #
2

%e need to loo& for two numbers such that their product ' # and sum ' $
The numbers will be 2 and ( )ence* x2 $x + # ' (x 2) (x ()

Factorise the following:

x +# x +. =
2 2 2 2

(x + 2) (x + /)

x 2 x ,$ = (x $) (x + () x - x +,2 = (x /) (x () x # x +$ =
(x $) (x ,)

Case 2

ax + bx + c and a 1.
2

(Splitting the middle term method)

1or example

factorise #x2 + -x 0 (

%e need to loo& for two numbers such that their and sum ' +product ' # 2 0 ( ' 0 ,.
The numbers will be 2 and +3

4ow* #x2 + x 0 (
' (#x2 ! "x 2x () ' (x (2x + () ,(2x + () ' (2x + () ((x ,)

2 x + $x ( =
2

EXA" #ES! 2

(2x2 + #x ,x () ' 2x (x + () ,(x + () ' (2x ,) (x + ()

(x + ,# x + $ = #x -x ( =
2

((x2 + ,$x +,x + $) ' (x (x + $) + ,(x + $) ' ((x + ,) (x + $)

(#x2 + 2x 3x () ' 2x ((x + ,) (((x + ,) ' (2x () ((x + ,)

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS! A 5uadratic e5uation is an e5uation of the form

ax +bx +c = 0*
2

a0

The values of x that satisf" the e5uation are called solutions or roots of the e5uation.

So$%in& quadratic equations

#o sol$e the %&adratic e%&ation ax2 ! bx ! c = '(


(a) we can sometimes &se factorisation( ()) we can &se the form&la
2 x = b b /ac * 2a

(c) we can express ax2 ! bx ! c in completed s%&are form*

"ET'ODS OF SO#UTION!

ax + bx + c = 0
2

6ethod , 1actor

ax + bx + c
2

EXA" #ES!

x 2 x ,$ = 0 ( x $)( x +() = 0 x =$* x = (


2

2 x - x +( = 0
2

(2 x ,)( x () =0 , x =(* x = 2

"ET'OD (! USE THE QUADRATIC FORMULA The 5uadratic formula is often written as

b b /ac x= 2a
2

The number b /ac is called the discriminant.


2

T'E DISCRI"INANT! Given the 5uadratic e5uation

ax + bx + c = 0.
2

The expression b2 +ac under the s5uare root sign is

called the discriminant of the 5uadratic e5uation and can be used to determine the nature of the roots of the e5uation.

7f b2 /ac > 0* the e5uation ax2 + bx + c ' 0 will have two real roots.
O

7f b /ac < 0* the e5uation ax + bx + c ' 0 will have no real roots.


2 2

7f b2 /ac ' 0* the e5uation ax2 + bx + c ' 0 will have one real root. 7t is more usual to sa" that the e5uation has two repeated roots or e5ual roots or same roots.

EXA" #ES! EXAMPLE (1) 2 2x -x + ( = 0

( -) ( -) /(2)(() x= 2(2)
2

- /3 2/ - 2$ - $ = = = / / / -+ $ -$ , x, = = (* x2 = = / / 2

Exa)p$e *(+
,x( -x . - / 0

40 Since D 4 0, So no rea$ roots or No so$ution5

b( -ac / * -+( -*,+*-+ / 12 -3 / ,(

1ind the values of k given that the e5uation x2 + (k + ()x k ' 0 has e5ual roots. 85ual roots b2 /ac ' 0 (k + ()2 + /k ' 0 k2 +,0k + 3 ' 0 (k + ,)(k + 3) ' 0 k ' 3 or k ' ,

Example (,)

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