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ABCB and SF6 CB

This document discusses two types of circuit breakers: air blast circuit breakers and SF6 circuit breakers. Air blast circuit breakers use compressed air to extinguish arcs by blowing them away. SF6 circuit breakers use sulfur hexafluoride gas, which is better than air at quenching arcs. SF6 breakers have two main parts - an interrupter unit that extends and attenuates the arc, and a gas system to circulate the high pressure SF6. Both types of breakers have advantages like eliminating fire hazards but also disadvantages like maintenance requirements and costs.

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Nikunj Agarwal
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345 views12 pages

ABCB and SF6 CB

This document discusses two types of circuit breakers: air blast circuit breakers and SF6 circuit breakers. Air blast circuit breakers use compressed air to extinguish arcs by blowing them away. SF6 circuit breakers use sulfur hexafluoride gas, which is better than air at quenching arcs. SF6 breakers have two main parts - an interrupter unit that extends and attenuates the arc, and a gas system to circulate the high pressure SF6. Both types of breakers have advantages like eliminating fire hazards but also disadvantages like maintenance requirements and costs.

Uploaded by

Nikunj Agarwal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AIR BLAST AND SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

TYPES,CONSTRUCTION,WORKING, ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

By: NIKUNJ AGARWAL 1009120055

AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKERS


Compressed air between 20-30 kg/cm^2 is used for arc extinction in this type of breakers. A compressor is needed for maintaining the air preserving . Arc is blown away by the blast of air under pressure. After the arc extinction the arcing chamber is filled with compressed air again to prevent restricting of the arc. The air gap (-1.75cm) is very small between the contacts after separation.

CONSTRUCTION OF ABCB:

PRINCIPLE OF ARC QUENCHING:

Sequence of operation in ABCB

Contact close by spring pressure against reduced air pressure

TYPES OF ABCB:
Axial-blast type or single blast type:

Cross-blast type:

fig: cross flow ABCB

In this type of breaker the air blast is directed along the arc path. The fixed and moving contacts are held in the closed position by spring pressure under normal condition

In this type of breaker an air blast is directed at right angles to the arc. The cross blast lengthens and forces the arc into a suitable chute (Arc splitters) for arc extinction.

Radial-blast type or double blast type:

Advantages
1.Elimination of fire hazard. 2.Cheap compared to oil circuit breaker. 3.Arcing time is very less thereby less burning of contacts. 4.Facility of high speed reclosure. 5.Suitable for frequent operation.

DisAdvantages
1.The air blast circuit breakers are very sensitive, to the variations in the rate of rise of restriking voltage . 2.Maintenance is required for compressor plant which supplies air blast. 3.Problem of current chopping.

SULPHUR HEXAFLUORIDE (SF6) CB:


Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas is used as an arc quenching medium. SF6 has excellent insulating strength because of its affinity for electrons. Whenever a free electron collides with the neutral gas molecule to form negative ion, the electron is absorbed by the neutral gas molecule. This property of SF6 is approximately 100 times as effective as air in quenching arcs. SF6 has excellent heat transfer by convection more effectively than the common gases.

SF6 consists of 2 parts mainly: The interrupter unit: This consists of fixed contacts which comprise a set of current carrying fingers and an arcing probe. As the contacts move further apart, the arc is extended and attenuated. It is finally extinguished by the gas flow the high pressure to the low pressure systems.

The gas system:


The low and high pressure system are fitted with low pressure alarms and a set of lock-out switches which give a warning the moment the gas pressure drops below a certain value

PUFFER TYPE SF6 :

Advantages
Simple construction, less cost. SF6 gas is non flammable, non toxic & chemical inert gas. Same gas is recirculated in the circuit. Maintenance free C.B. Ability to interrupt low and high fault current. Excellent Arc extinction.

Disadvantages
o SF6 breakers are costly due to high cost of SF6 . o Sealing problems arise , Imperfect joints give rise to leakage of gases o After every operation SF6 gas has to be reconditioned, so additional equipment is required.

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