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    Environment and Climate Change Policy of India

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    Anirudh Jaswal
    This document summarizes India's environment and climate change policy. It outlines the key causes and impacts of climate change, including increased greenhouse gas emissions, rising temperatures, and extreme weather events. India is highly vulnerable to climate change due to factors like rising sea levels, retreating glaciers, and variability in rainfall. The agriculture sector is most at risk and food security is a major challenge. India has created national missions to address issues like renewable energy, sustainable habitats, and climate resilience. Cooperatives can play a key role in efforts like afforestation, energy efficiency, and educating communities on low-carbon practices.

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    Environment and Climate Change Policy of India

    Uploaded by

    Anirudh Jaswal
    542 views37 pages
    This document summarizes India's environment and climate change policy. It outlines the key causes and impacts of climate change, including increased greenhouse gas emissions, rising temperatures, and extreme weather events. India is highly vulnerable to climate change due to factors like rising sea levels, retreating glaciers, and variability in rainfall. The agriculture sector is most at risk and food security is a major challenge. India has created national missions to address issues like renewable energy, sustainable habitats, and climate resilience. Cooperatives can play a key role in efforts like afforestation, energy efficiency, and educating communities on low-carbon practices.

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    This document summarizes India's environment and climate change policy. It outlines the key causes and impacts of climate change, including increased greenhouse gas emissions, rising temperatures, and extreme weather events. India is highly vulnerable to climate change due to factors like rising sea levels, retreating glaciers, and variability in rainfall. The agriculture sector is most at risk and food security is a major challenge. India has created national missions to address issues like renewable energy, sustainable habitats, and climate resilience. Cooperatives can play a key role in efforts like afforestation, energy efficiency, and educating communities on low-carbon practices.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    542 views37 pages

    Environment and Climate Change Policy of India

    Uploaded by

    Anirudh Jaswal
    This document summarizes India's environment and climate change policy. It outlines the key causes and impacts of climate change, including increased greenhouse gas emissions, rising temperatures, and extreme weather events. India is highly vulnerable to climate change due to factors like rising sea levels, retreating glaciers, and variability in rainfall. The agriculture sector is most at risk and food security is a major challenge. India has created national missions to address issues like renewable energy, sustainable habitats, and climate resilience. Cooperatives can play a key role in efforts like afforestation, energy efficiency, and educating communities on low-carbon practices.

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    ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY OF INDIA

    By

    LAKSHMAN DASS AHUJA OFFICER ON SPECIAL DUTY


    NATIONAL COOPERATIVE UNION OF INDIA (NCUI) NETWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATIVES IN ASIA AND PACIFIC (NEDAC)

    THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE


    Climate change is primarily caused by building up of green house gases (GHG) e.g. Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide etc. in the atmosphere. Global increases in carbon dioxide concentration are due to fossil fuel, land use change and human activity Methane and nitrous oxide due to agriculture activity

    THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE


    Climate change is accompanied by : High average temperature Changed rainfall patterns Increased severity and frequency of floods, droughts and cyclones

    Oceanic acidification

    CLIMATE CHANGE DUE TO


    GHGs Transport

    Industries Agricultural waste decay By birds, animals High yielding techniques of agriculture Arbitrary use of natural resources Deforestation Reduction in pastures Fertility of land reduction Forests, flora and fauna disappearance
    4

    OVERALL IMPACT ON
    Livelihoods of poor in developing countries

    Availability of water
    Food production / food security Flooding of coastal areas Increased burden of vector borne and water borne diseases Slows down the pace of development

    INDIAs VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE


    Is facing high degree of climate variability GDP growth is attributable to yearly variations in rainfall.

    Himalayan eco-system is now highly vulnerable


    Increases in mean sea levels will affect large populations in peninsular and coastal India.

    Gangotri Glacier - one of the largest is retreating


    Rainfall in India may increase by 15 to 40% and annual mean temperature by 3 to 6 degree.

    India may suffer huge losses to livelihoods.


    Agriculture sector would be most affected
    6

    IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE
    Agriculture 4 objectives 1. Resources conservation 2. Ecologic health 3. Economic gains 4. Social and Economic parity All are affected in varying degrees. Effect on production and productivity Production would be severely compromised Yields of crops like wheat, rice and pulses will go down Badly affects Horticulture crops Milk production to come down Fish exodus
    7

    IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE
    Affects food security Major challenges for food self sufficiency and affects
    global food security

    Changed precipitation insect pressure requires use of more and different pesticides

    INDIA PART OF GLOBAL REGIME


    UN Framework on Climate change 1992 to stabilise green house gas concentration

    Bali Action Plan 2007 long term cooperative action


    Kyoto Protocol and Copenhagen Conference 2009 laid down emission reduction targets for industrialised countries Differences surfaced on several critical issues. Awaiting settlement in Mexico November December 2010.

    INDIAs ACTIONS ON CLIMATE CHANGE

    10

    Indias total Co2 emissions are about 4% of global emission. % USA 19.8

    China Russia

    17.7 5.2

    India
    Japan Germany

    4.7
    4.1 2.6

    Canada U.K. South Korea Mexico All other Countries Total

    2.1 2.0 1.6 1.5 38.8 100

    11

    Decoupling of growth of emission from economic development- common but differential responsibilities and respective capabilities. Not binding on India. Economic, social and poverty reduction priorities. Mitigation in the context of sustainable development and consistant with National priorities. Indias per capita emission in next 20 years is going to be less than developing countries average. PM India will never allow to increase per capita emissions to exceed that of the developing countries National Action Plan maintaining a high degree of growth and reducing their vulnerability of the impact of climate change
    12

    EIGHT MISSIONS
    National Solar Mission National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on Sustainable Habitat National Water Mission National Mission for sustaining the Himalayan Eco-System National Mission for Green India National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture National Mission for Strategic Knowledge about Climate Change.
    13

    Besides, outlining 24 initiatives aimed at promoting technologies and actions in the sectors relating to Energy generation Transport Renewable energy Disaster management Capacity building Mission integration with Ministries and State Action Plans India prepares periodically the National Communication that gives inventory of green house gasses emissions etc.

    14

    CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM


    Emission reduction Sustainable development Purchase of Carbon Reduction Certificates from developing countries

    India CDM potential significant part of the global market.


    India has 482 CDM Projects 23% of the world. Institutional Mechanism A Council under Prime Minister
    15

    CARBON TRADING
    Emission of GHGs Co2 is the major cause of global warming and climate change- human induced activities are spreading this Carbon footprint is a measure of impact that human activities have on the environment. It is measured in units of Co2 Reduction in emission can be achieved by industries by Using renewable energy and low carbon technology wind energy, solar cells and bio-fuels, use of bio-mass Adopting energy efficient technology use of energy efficient lamps Greening Efforts planting of trees, converting waste land into plantation areas Adopting recycling and use of recycled products co-processing waste material, agro waste like rice husk, bagasse etc. Teleconferencing instead of flying Green buildings

    Results in sustainable development, cost savings, environment sensitive market, higher profits, reduction 16 in direct risks like floods, drought and supply chain risk etc.

    COPING WITH CHANGE


    Coastal zone Buildings and construction Transport Water supply in arid areas Making India energy efficient Agriculture Bio-diversity management Barren Land use planning Check dams Health Rescue Preparedness Insurance Aspect Need for agriculture productivity increase, animals, fishery and forests, need for crops which retain the fertility of soil. 17

    INITIATED STEPS IN AGRICULTURE


    Ministries of Agriculture and Environment have taken many

    steps
    Organic farming and green agriculture are environment friendly. This is being done.

    Green agriculture is based on integrated pest and nutrient management crop livestock integration, use of most appropriate and productive genetic strains and adoption of more crop and income per drop of water technologies.
    A bio-diversity valley in Orissa is established.
    18

    INITIATED STEPS IN AGRICULTURE


    Generation of electricity and bio-manure through Waste Management Bio-fertiliser Compost Vermiculture Bio-mass briquettes - Gassifier based grid power programme - conversion of solid bio-mass (wood, agriculture residue) into combustible gas

    19

    STEPS BY COOPERATIVES
    20

    86th ICA DAY JULY 2008 ON CLIMATE CHANGE


    Cutting green house gas emission
    Carbon neutrality agriculture and fishery cooperatives stress on green energy production or innovative feed to reduce emission from livestock production Consumer cooperatives carbon footprints - reduction in stores operations, supplies, education to members Housing sustainable construction material, eco-buildings Cooperative banks/ credit - incentives for energy efficient technology
    21

    86th ICA DAY JULY 2008 ON CLIMATE CHANGE


    Insurance cooperatives down premiums more risk coverage

    Energy cooperatives sustainable energy through wind, solar and bio-fuels


    Economic, social and environmental sustainability Cooperative assume leadership Environment Programme ICA reaffirmed its commitment role with UN

    sustainable

    development and contributing substantially to mitigate the effects of climate change


    22

    COOP CONNECT MEETING BY NCUI ON CLIMATE CHANGE


    Community based and people centric organisations,

    eminently suited for spreading the message


    Cooperatives - hardly any dialogue with Government Huge infrastructure of education and training one session

    - special programme
    Care for Climate cooperative principle Forestry and Jatorpha Cooperatives, Tree Growers Cooperatives IFFCO and KRIBHCO commendable work
    23

    COOP CONNECT MEETING BY NCUI ON CLIMATE CHANGE


    Showcase best practices Global Network Carbon, water, fodder, inputs and knowledge banks Formulate a Strategy that is environmentally, socially, economically and politically sustainable. NCUI facilitation CDM

    Awareness Co2

    24

    KRIBHCO, IFFCO recognised for environment protection,


    energy conservation, tree plantation, bio-gas, vermicompost. IFFCO sold carbon credit worth Rs. 400 million to Spain Dairy Tree grower Cooperatives in Gujarat Re-cycling of milk pouches, Solar water heater, sugar-power co-generation, efficient water product industries Cooperatives grass root level can collect traditional wisdom and disseminate
    25

    treatment, recycling of afforestation, bye-

    effluent water, ethanol production,

    A Community Project in 9 Tribal districts of M.P is being taken up. Features are
    Education of rural masses Growing role of Gram Sabha

    Code for collective action


    Saving water Caring for plantations Fields chemical free Rational energy consumption Conservation of flora and fauna Information to families how to mitigate carbon emissions Stress on indigenous methods or modern one like bio-gas plants, solar energy, sharing of indigenous knowledge

    Such projects need to be taken up by Cooperatives

    26

    ECOLOGICAL CODE
    Land Energy Water Waste Air Carbon Bio-diversity enhancement Green Energy Efficiency Effective Waste Water Management Waste Management Reduce air pollutants Cut emissions through energy efficiency initiatives Create awareness

    Awareness-

    27

    CORPORATE SECTOR
    Involvement of communities, CSOs and Corporates

    Countering Climate Change


    Attractive incentives task breaks Lower tariffs R and D grants Persuade industries to go green

    Penalties those who violate energy efficiency solutions

    28

    CORPORATE SECTOR
    Village watershed committees managed by communities Development versus Environment debate Coping carbon emission would slow down growth Growth only way out of poverty

    Need for development of clean technology


    Create awareness and share knowledge of best practices Unfortunately environment is still a fringe issue
    29

    FOOD SECURITY AND COOPERATIVES IN INDIA


    Cooperative Societies Acts, 1904 and 1912 Movement more than 100 years old. 6 lakh cooperatives and 250 million members. Membership consists of small and marginal farmers, landless labourers, womenfolk, scheduled caste and tribes, educated unemployed youth, handloom weavers, fishermen, poultry and dairy farmers. Democratically managed. Practices internationally recognised cooperative principles. Played pivotal role in ushering in Green and White Revolutions poised for Evergreen, Blue and Yellow Revolutions
    30

    SHARE OF COOPERATIVES IN NATIONAL ECONOMY


    Agriculture Credit Disbursed : 19%

    Fertiliser Production
    Fertiliser Distribution Sugar Production Wheat Procurement Animal Feed Production/Supply Retail Fair Price Shops Milk Procurement

    :
    : : : : : :

    26.3%
    36% 46.6% 33.5% 50% 20.3% 10.5%

    Ice Cream Manufacture


    Oil Marketed (Branded)

    :
    :

    45%
    49%
    31

    SHARE OF COOPERATIVES IN NATIONAL ECONOMY


    Spinning Mills Spindleage : 10.3%

    Handlooms : Fisherman : Storage Facility : Rubber Procured / Marketed : Arecanut Processed /Marketed : Salt Manufactured : Employment Generation
    Direct Self Employment : :

    54% 23% 63.5% 18.5% 15% 7.6%


    1.22 Million 15.47 Million
    32

    COVERAGE
    97% of 6 lakh villages.

    71% of rural households.


    Primary Sector - Agriculture and allied activities. Secondary Sector manufacturing industries. Tertiary Sector services Three tier structure village, state and national levels. Largest movement in the world.
    33

    ROLE IN FOOD SECURITY


    Disbursement of credit. Distribution of input. Mopping up of agriculture production. Agro industries. Supply chain (storage and cold storage). Distribution of consumer articles. Import and export of agriculture produce. Non farm sector. Massive contribution in production, procurement and distribution of food grains

    34

    IMPACT
    Farmers getting better access to credit and inputs. Assured remunerative price. Better purchasing power, increase in income and improved standards of living. Social and economic transformation in the countryside. Potent weapon for economic upsurge and all inclusive growth. Human resource development, education and training. Entry in new areas. Government recognizes role of cooperatives in national economy and part of national cooperative policy.
    35

    IMPACT
    Involvement in Bharat Nirman Programmes. Right to food security bill in the offing. International cooperation Setting up of global level university. IFFCO-TOKIO Insurance, KISSAN SANCHAR, Commodity Exchanges, Risk Management Services, Non- conventional Energy, Rural Electrification, Food Processing, IFFCO Foundation, International Trading, Farm Forestry Cooperatives, ICTE, Disaster Management etc. etc.

    36

    Thank You
    37

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