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    Acids, Bases, & Salts

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    Sandip Ajmire
    This document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as having a pH less than 7 and producing hydrogen ions in solution. Bases are defined as having a pH greater than 7 and producing hydroxide ions in solution. Salts are neutral substances produced from the reaction of an acid and base, consisting of an acid's negative ion and a base's positive ion. Examples of common acids and bases are provided. The document also discusses the pH scale, indicators, buffers, and applications of controlling pH such as in digestion, swimming pools, and gardening.

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    Acids, Bases, & Salts

    Uploaded by

    Sandip Ajmire
    75 views30 pages
    This document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as having a pH less than 7 and producing hydrogen ions in solution. Bases are defined as having a pH greater than 7 and producing hydroxide ions in solution. Salts are neutral substances produced from the reaction of an acid and base, consisting of an acid's negative ion and a base's positive ion. Examples of common acids and bases are provided. The document also discusses the pH scale, indicators, buffers, and applications of controlling pH such as in digestion, swimming pools, and gardening.

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    Acids, Bases, & Salts (1)

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    This document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as having a pH less than 7 and producing hydrogen ions in solution. Bases are defined as having a pH greater than 7 and producing hydroxide ions in solution. Salts are neutral substances produced from the reaction of an acid and base, consisting of an acid's negative ion and a base's positive ion. Examples of common acids and bases are provided. The document also discusses the pH scale, indicators, buffers, and applications of controlling pH such as in digestion, swimming pools, and gardening.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    75 views30 pages

    Acids, Bases, & Salts

    Uploaded by

    Sandip Ajmire
    This document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as having a pH less than 7 and producing hydrogen ions in solution. Bases are defined as having a pH greater than 7 and producing hydroxide ions in solution. Salts are neutral substances produced from the reaction of an acid and base, consisting of an acid's negative ion and a base's positive ion. Examples of common acids and bases are provided. The document also discusses the pH scale, indicators, buffers, and applications of controlling pH such as in digestion, swimming pools, and gardening.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Acids, Bases, & Salts

    What is an ACID?
    pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases + Forms H ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen gas Good conductors of electricity

    Acids Generate Ions


    HNO3 + H2O H3
    + O

    + NO3

    Weak vs. Strong Acids


    Weak Acids do not ionize completely: Acetic, Boric, Nitrous, Phosphoric, Sulfurous Strong Acids ionize completely: Hydrochloric, Nitric; Sulfuric, Hydriodic

    Common Acids
    HCl- hydrochloric- stomach acid H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries HNO3 nitric acid - explosives HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar H2CO3-carbonic acid sodas H3PO4- phosphoric acid -flavorings

    What is a BASE?
    pH greater than 7 Feels slippery Dissolves fats and oils Usually forms OH ions in solution Neutralizes acids

    Weak vs. Strong Bases


    Weak Bases: ammonia; potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate Strong Bases: sodium hydroxide; sodium phosphate; barium hydroxide; calcium hydroxide

    Common Bases
    NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide-antacids Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide- ammonia

    Types of Acids and Bases


    In the 1800s chemical concepts were based on the reactions of aqueous solutions. Svante Arrhenius developed a concept of acids and bases relevant to reactions in H2O.
    Arrhenius acid produces hydrogen ions in water. Arrhenius base produce hydroxide ions in water.

    A broader ,more modern concept of acids and bases was developed later.
    Bronsted-Lowry acid- donates a hydrogen ion in a reaction. Bronsted Lowry base accepts a hydrogen in a reaction.

    Conjugate acid- compound formed when an base gains a hydrogen ion.


    Conjugate base compound formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion.

    pH Scale

    pH of Common Substances

    Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 335

    Reactions with indicators


    Indicator Acid color Neutral color Base color

    Phenolphthalein Colorless Faint pink Dark pink Bromthymol blue Yellow Green Blue

    Litmus

    Red

    -----

    Blue

    pH paper
    pH paper changes color to indicate a specific pH value.

    Buffers
    A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acids and bases are added.

    Situations in which pH is controlled


    Heartburn Planting vegetables and flowers Fish Tanks and Ponds Blood Swimming pools

    Acids and Bases in Solution


    HCl + H20 H3O + + Cl(more hydronium ions, more acidic) NaOH in water Na+ + OH(more hydroxide ions, more basic) NaOH + HCl NaCl + HOH Acid + Base yields type of salt and water NH3 + H20 NH4+ + OHammonia gas + water yields ammonium and hydroxide ions

    Acid Rain
    Pollution in the air (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide) combines with water to form various acids. .

    Rapid changes in pH can kill fish and other organisms in lakes and streams. Soil pH is affected and can kill plants and create sinkholes

    What is a SALT?
    A salt is a neutral substance produced from the reaction of an acid and a base. Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base. One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction Examples: KCl, MgSO4, Na3PO4

    Neutralization Reaction
    A neutralization reaction is the reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water. Example H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O

    Digestion and pH
    Digestion-process by which foods are broken down into simpler substances. Mechanical digestion-physical process in which food is torn apart (mouth) Chemical digestion- chemical reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. (stomach and small intestines)

    pH in the Digestive System


    Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme which begins to break carbohydrates into sugars. Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are broken down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin. Small intestine-pH around 8. Most digestion ends. Small molecules move to bloodstream toward cells that use them

    Digestive system
    mouth esophagus

    stomach small intestine

    large intestine

    Acids, Bases, and Salts The End

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