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Network Topologies: By, Padma N

A network topology defines the layout of connections between nodes in a network. There are three fundamental physical topologies: bus, ring, and star. A bus topology uses a single cable to connect all nodes without switches. A ring topology forms a closed loop where each node is connected to its neighbors. A star topology connects each node to a central hub using point-to-point links. Hybrid topologies combine elements of the basic topologies. The most popular topology today is star due to its scalability, fault tolerance and ease of management.

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128 views20 pages

Network Topologies: By, Padma N

A network topology defines the layout of connections between nodes in a network. There are three fundamental physical topologies: bus, ring, and star. A bus topology uses a single cable to connect all nodes without switches. A ring topology forms a closed loop where each node is connected to its neighbors. A star topology connects each node to a central hub using point-to-point links. Hybrid topologies combine elements of the basic topologies. The most popular topology today is star due to its scalability, fault tolerance and ease of management.

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iitclt
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Network Topologies

By, Padma N

What is a topology?
A Network Topology is the arrangement of elements of a network. It is the basic structure of a Computer Network.

Simple Physical Topologies


Physical topology is the physical layout of nodes on a network Three fundamental topologies are :
Bus Ring Star

Many other hybrid topologies may be created by combining the three fundamental topologies.

Bus topology

Single cable connects all network nodes without intervening connectivity devices Devices share responsibility for getting data from one point to another Terminators stop signals after reaching end of wire
Prevent signal bounce

Inexpensive, not very scalable Difficult to troubleshoot, not fault-tolerant

Advantages of Bus Topology


Works well for small networks Relatively inexpensive to implement Easy to add to it

Disadvantages of Bus Topology


Management costs can be high Potential for congestion with network traffic

Ring topology

The ring topology is a computer network configuration where each network computer and device are connected to each other forming a large circle. Each packet is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination.

Advantages of Ring Topology


Easier to manage; easier to locate a defective node or cable problem Well-suited for transmitting signals over long distances on a LAN Handles high-volume network traffic Enables reliable communication

Disadvantages of Ring Topology


Expensive Requires more cable and network equipment at the start Not used as widely as bus topology
Fewer equipment options Fewer options for expansion to high-speed communication

Star topology

Any single cable connects only two devices


Cabling problems affect two nodes at most

Requires more cabling than ring or bus networks


More fault-tolerant

Easily moved, isolated, or interconnected with other networks


Scalable

Supports max of 1024 addressable nodes on logical network

Advantages of Star Topology


Good option for modern networks Low startup costs Easy to manage Offers opportunities for expansion Most popular topology in use; wide variety of equipment available

Disadvantages of Star Topology


Hub is a single point of failure Requires more cable than the bus

Some of the hybrid topologies are,

1. Star-Wired Ring

2. Star-Wired Bus

3. Mesh Topology

4. Tree topology

Thank you!

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