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    Thermionic Emission

    Uploaded by

    Hazel Law
    This document discusses thermionic emission, cathode rays, and their properties. Thermionic emission is the emission of electrons from heated metal surfaces, with factors like temperature, surface area, and metal type influencing the emission rate. Cathode rays are beams of fast moving electrons in a vacuum that can be produced via thermionic emission. They travel in straight lines and can be deflected by electric and magnetic fields. Cathode ray oscilloscopes use electron guns and deflecting plates to display waveforms by converting the kinetic energy of electrons into light. Diodes allow current to flow in one direction and are used for rectification to convert alternating current into direct current.

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    Thermionic Emission

    Uploaded by

    Hazel Law
    855 views22 pages
    This document discusses thermionic emission, cathode rays, and their properties. Thermionic emission is the emission of electrons from heated metal surfaces, with factors like temperature, surface area, and metal type influencing the emission rate. Cathode rays are beams of fast moving electrons in a vacuum that can be produced via thermionic emission. They travel in straight lines and can be deflected by electric and magnetic fields. Cathode ray oscilloscopes use electron guns and deflecting plates to display waveforms by converting the kinetic energy of electrons into light. Diodes allow current to flow in one direction and are used for rectification to convert alternating current into direct current.

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    This document discusses thermionic emission, cathode rays, and their properties. Thermionic emission is the emission of electrons from heated metal surfaces, with factors like temperature, surface area, and metal type influencing the emission rate. Cathode rays are beams of fast moving electrons in a vacuum that can be produced via thermionic emission. They travel in straight lines and can be deflected by electric and magnetic fields. Cathode ray oscilloscopes use electron guns and deflecting plates to display waveforms by converting the kinetic energy of electrons into light. Diodes allow current to flow in one direction and are used for rectification to convert alternating current into direct current.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    855 views22 pages

    Thermionic Emission

    Uploaded by

    Hazel Law
    This document discusses thermionic emission, cathode rays, and their properties. Thermionic emission is the emission of electrons from heated metal surfaces, with factors like temperature, surface area, and metal type influencing the emission rate. Cathode rays are beams of fast moving electrons in a vacuum that can be produced via thermionic emission. They travel in straight lines and can be deflected by electric and magnetic fields. Cathode ray oscilloscopes use electron guns and deflecting plates to display waveforms by converting the kinetic energy of electrons into light. Diodes allow current to flow in one direction and are used for rectification to convert alternating current into direct current.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Thermionic emission is the emission of electrons from heated metals. Factors that influence its rate include temperature, surface area, type of metal, and metal surface coatings. A cathode ray is a beam of fast moving electrons that can be produced by thermionic emission in a vacuum tube. It has properties such as moving in straight lines, being negatively charged and able to be deflected by electric and magnetic fields.

    Thermionic emission is the emission of electrons from a heated metal surface. Factors that influence its rate include temperature, surface area, type of metal, and metal surface coatings.

    A cathode ray is a beam of fast moving electrons in a vacuum. It has properties such as moving in straight lines at high velocity, having momentum and energy, being negatively charged and able to be deflected by electric and magnetic fields. When it collides with targets, its kinetic energy is converted to light and X-rays.

    Thermionic Emission

    Thermionic emission is the emission of electrons from a heated metal surface.

    Factors that influence the rate of thermionic emission


    Temperature (dependent on current)
    the hotter the temperature, the higher the rate

    Surface area
    the larger the area, the higher the rate

    Type of metal
    different metals have different rates of emission

    Metal surface
    if coated with a mixture of barium oxide or strontium oxide, the rate is increased

    Cathode Ray
    It is a beam of fast moving electrons in a vacuum. Can be produced at the cathode by thermionic emission in a vacuum tube

    Properties of Cathode Ray


    Can be used in picture tube of a television, cathode ray oscilloscope, and the visual display on a radar screen Movement is in a straight line because it is light and has high velocity. Has momentum and energy; fluorescent effect when connects with fluorescent items. Negatively charged deflected towards positive plates. Can be deflected by electric and magnetic fields. When collides with metal targets, kinetic energy 99% light and X-rays (produce fluoresccence)

    Cathode Ray Oscilloscope(CRO)

    Main Parts Electron gun

    Components Filament Cathode Control grid

    Functions To heat up the cathode To emit electrons To control the brightness of the spot on the screen by controlling the number of electrons reaching the screen

    Focusing anode To focus the electrons onto the screen Accelerating anode Deflecting X-plates Y-plates To accelerate the electrons to high speed towards the screen To deflect the electrons horizontally To deflect the electrons vertically

    Screen

    Fluorescent screen

    To convert the kinetic energy of the colliding electrons into light energy

    CRO can be used to measure d.c and a.c voltages.

    Kinetic energy of an electron n a vacuum tube is??

    Speed of Cathode Rays


    If potential energy provided by the potential difference = eV and kinetic energy is mv2, the relationship of a cathode ray is:

    Cathode ray oscilloscopes are used to:


    Measure potential difference Measure short time intervals Display wave forms

    Semiconductor Diodes
    Materials usually used in the electronics industry as semiconductors are silicone and germanium. Doping process is the addition of a small quantity of foreign objects into a semiconductor to increase its conductivity. The atom size of the foreign object has to be about the same size as the atom size of the semiconductor.

    A diode consists of a combination of an n-type and a p-type semiconductor.

    At the junction of these two semiconductors, the electrons from the n-type semiconductor will float over to fill up the holes in the p-type semiconductor. This will cause opposite charges to exist within the semiconductors; and this will create a voltage junction which prevents further floatation of the electrons. A layer about 1 m will exist at the voltage junction known as a depletion layer. Junction voltages for silicone and germanium are approximately 0.6 V and 0.1 V respectively

    Diodes as Rectifiers
    Rectification
    the process of converting a.c. to d.c. This is done with a diode as diodes allow current to flow only in one direction.

    Half Wave Rectification


    Single diode is used The output voltage produced is varying, but it acts in one direction only.

    Can be produced by using four diodes A capacitor is used to smooth the rectified output voltage

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