Scribd
Upload
95 views14 pages

3 Sampling

This document discusses different types of research sampling methodologies. It covers probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling. It also discusses non-probability sampling methods like convenience sampling, purposive sampling including quota sampling and judgement sampling, and snowball sampling. The document provides details on how each sampling method works and examples of its use.

Uploaded by

Khyati Jadav
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
95 views14 pages

3 Sampling

This document discusses different types of research sampling methodologies. It covers probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling. It also discusses non-probability sampling methods like convenience sampling, purposive sampling including quota sampling and judgement sampling, and snowball sampling. The document provides details on how each sampling method works and examples of its use.

Uploaded by

Khyati Jadav
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Research Methodology

Different types of sample designs


Representation basis

Probability Sampling

Non-Probability Sampling

Simple Random Sampling

Haphazard(hit & miss) Sampling or convenience sampling

Complex Random Sampling


(such as cluster sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling,etc)

Purposive sampling (such as quota


sampling , judgement sampling)

Probability Sampling

A probability sampling method is any method of sampling that utilizes some form of random selection.
Random Sampling refers to that method of sample selection which gives each possible sample combination an equal probability of being chosen.

Probability Sampling
1) Simple Random Sampling:
It is a lottery method in

which individual units are randomly picked up from the whole group.
It gives each element in a

population an equal probability of being selected.

Probability Sampling
2) Complex Random Sampling:

Stratified Random Sampling Systematic Random Sampling Cluster (Area) Random Sampling

Multi-Stage Sampling

Probability Sampling
Stratified Random Sampling:
Here the total population for

sample will be divided into homogeneous sub-groups and then a simple random sample in each subgroup will be taken.
This results in more reliable

and detailed information.

Probability Sampling
Systematic Sampling:

Steps: number the units in the population from 1 to N. k = N/n = the interval size randomly select an integer between 1 to k then take every Kth unit

Probability Sampling
Cluster ( Area) Sampling:
In cluster sampling, the total population is divided into

a number of relatively small sub-groups which are themselves clusters of still smaller units.
Area Sampling: If clusters happens to be some geographic divisions, then the cluster sampling is better known

as Area Sampling.

Non-Probability Sampling
Convenience Sampling :
No probability samples that are unrestricted are called convenience samples. They are the least reliable design, but normally the cheapest and easiest to conduct. Researchers or field workers have the freedom to choose whomever they find, thus the name convenience. Examples include:
Informal pools of friends and neighbors People responding to a newspapers invitation for readers to state their

position on some public issue A TV reporters person-on-the-street intercept interviews Using employees to evaluate the taste of a new snack food.

Non-Probability Sampling
Purposive Sampling : A nonprobability sample that conforms to certain criteria is called purposive sampling. There are two major typesjudgment sampling and quota sampling. 1. Judgment sampling occurs when a researcher selects sample members to conform to some criterion. EXAPLE: In a study of labor problems, you may want to talk only with those who have experienced on-the-job discrimination.

2. Quota sampling is the second type of purposive sampling. We use it to improve representativeness. The logic behind quota sampling is that certain relevant characteristics describe the dimensions of the population. If a sample has the same distribution on these characteristics, then it is likely to be representative of the population regarding other variables on which we have no control.
Example: Suppose the student body of Metro U is 55 percent female and 45 percent male. The sampling quota would call for sampling students at a 55 to 45 percent ratio. To eliminate distortions due to a nonrepresentative gender ratio.

Non-Probability Sampling
Snowball
This design has found a niche in recent years in applications where respondents are difficult to identify and are best located through referral networks. It is especially appropriate for some qualitative studies. In the initial stage of snowball sampling, individuals are discovered and may or may not be selected through probability methods. This group is then used to refer the researcher to others who possess similar characteristics and who, in turn, identify others. Similar to a reverse search for bibliographic sources, the snowball gathers subjects as it rolls along. Example: Variations on snowball sampling have been used to study drug cultures, teenage gang activities, power elites, community relations, insider trading, and other applications where respondents are difficult to identify and contact.

Sample size and its determination


Nature of Universe Number of classes proposed

Nature of Study
Type of Sampling Standard of accuracy and acceptable confidence level Availability of finance Other consideration

You might also like