3D-Dynamic design for reinforced versus prestress concrete for Al-Huriya building

Prepared by Nizar Abed Al-Majeed Salameh Mohamed Khaled Abu-Al Huda

Supervisor Dr. Imad Al-Qasem

CHAPTER ONE INTROUCTION

The project is a structural analysis and 3D-Dynamic design of an office building in Ramallah city, known as AL-Huriya, which consists of a seven stories, with 3.5 height except the first floor with 4m story height.

The building will be first designed under a static load, after that we will study the building for dynamic , finally a prestress concrete will be used to design the building to compare it with the reinforcement concrete, to conclude many factors that should be taken into consideration in designing any structure. These include economic factors , durability and the safety of its inhabitants.

Materials
System Reinforced Concrete Part Slab Beams Fc 250 kg/cm2 250 kg/cm2 fy 4200 kg/cm2 4200 kg/cm2

Columns
Footings Prestress Concrete slab Columns Footings

500 kg/cm2
250 , 500 kg/cm2 6000Psi 500 kg/cm2 250 , 500 kg/cm2

4200 kg/cm2
4200 kgcm2 243Ksi 4200 kg/cm2 4200 kg/cm2

Loads
Live load Super imposed load 0.4ton/m2 0.3ton/m2

CHAPTER TWO SLAB

One way solid slab is used only as slab system

Use slab thickness of 17cm , according to deflection requirement In design phase of the slab, there are two strip(1m) taken as a model. Loads distribution
Strip I
Wu=1.51

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Strip II
Wu=1.51

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Moment distribution
Strip I

Strip II

Use 412mm for negative and positive moment

CHAPTER THREE
BEAMS

Beams in this part of the project will be designed using reactions from beam model in SAP2000.
The girder system is used to design the building, and all of the beams are dropped; multi span and large space beams are used in all floors.

The system of the building consist of a four beams group (B1, B2, B3, B4) And a two group of girders (G1, G2).

Moment Design
Parameter Units Dimensions cm Mn ton.m As cm2 Vn ton Vc ton Vs ton Av cm2 S cm

Design for Moment Positive Moment Final Results Beams B1 B2 B3 B4 Dimensions 30x80 50x90 50x90 60x100 Mn 65.61 168.82 183.76 263.26 Exterior spans 0.0102 0.0112 0.0141 0.0133 As 25.45 58.88 63.78 78.50 Mn 1.31 3.44 Interior span 0.0033 0.0033 As 7.62 14.70 -

Negative Moment Interior supports Mn As 58.76 0.0091 22.90 152.17 129.34 0.0113 0.0094 49.06 44.16 -

Positive Moment Final Results Girders Dimensions G1 G2 50x90 90x100 Exterior spans Mn 164.24 384.78 0.0123 0.0129 As 53.97 112.54 1st interior spans Mn 51.99 219.22 .0036 .0069 As 19.63 64.31 2nd interior spans Mn As 39.25 32.15

Negative Moment 1st interior supports Mn 163.62 411.27 0.0123 0.0141 As 53.97 120.58 2nd interior supports Mn 141.8 209.44 0.0104 0.0066 As 40.06 56.27

117.93 .0085 62.57 .0033

Shear Design
Design for Shear Final Results Beams Dimensions Vn Vc Exterior spans Vs Av S Vn Vc Interior span Vs Av S

B1

30x80

31.746

18.855

12.890

1.57

35

21.250

18.855

2.395

1.57

35

B2
B3 B4

50x90
50x90 60x100

80.10
77.22 69.69

35.61
35.61 47.76

44.49
41.61 21.43

3.14
3.14 3.14

25
25 45

54
25.10 -

35.61
35.61 -

18.39
14.875 -

3.14
3.14 -

40
40 -

Final Results Girders Dimension s 50x90 Vn

Exterior spans Vc Vs Av S Vn

1st interior spans Vc Vs Av S Vn Vc

2nd interior span Vs Av S

G1

93.49

35.61

57.88 3.14 20

75.44

35.61 39.83 3.14

25

92.26 35.61 56.65

3.14

20

G2

90x100

229.1

71.64

157.4 3.14

202.6

71.64

131

3.14

99.52 71.64 27.88

3.14

45

Final Results

For positive moment (span)

Negative moment (support)

Beam

Exterior

1st interior

2nd interior

1st interior

2nd interior

B1

1018 1225 1325 1625 1125 1432

318 325

918 1025 925

B2

B3

B4

425 832

825 432

1125 1532

1025 732

G1

G2

CHAPTER FOUR COLUMNS

sixteen columns having a rectangular section, and eight columns having a circular section, will be designed. All the columns in this project are classified into two groups depending on the ultimate axial load and the shape. The ultimate axial load on each column is from the Reaction of beams
Columns number C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Group (1) Group (2) Ultimate load(ton) 144.24 60.96 179.18 452.71 287.65 C1,C2,C3 C4,C5 Ultimate loads from seven stories(ton) 1009.68 426.72 1254.26 3168.97 2013.55 Rectangular Circular

Final Results

Summary of result Group Pu (ton) 1254.26 3168.97 Dimensions(h*b)(cm) spirally (D)(cm) 100*50 Spiral, D=100 As(cm2) # of bars Shear reinforcement

I II

0.0152 0.0206

76.04 267.41

16 25mm 34 32mm

4 10mm/30cm 10mm(spirally)

CHAPTER FIVE FOOTING

In this chapter the footing will be designed, all footings in this part of the project will be isolated (single) footings.

The design will depend on the total axial load carried by each column. The footings are classified into two groups

Group ID F1 F2

Columns included C1,C2,C3 C4,C5

Loads (ton) Dead load 726 1698 Live load 203 504

Group F1 Design
Flexure Design X-Y Direction Steel Design Mu = = As = As min = Use As = Bar Diameter # of Bars Needed Spacing 107.12 0.0023 25.62 21.6 25.62 25 6 16.67 cm ton.m

cm2 cm2 cm2 mm

Use Main Steel Or Shrinkage Steel 625/ m 125/16cm 525/20cm

Group F2 Design
Flexure Design
X-Y Direction Steel Design Mu = = As = As min = Use As = 274.80 0.0025 43.24 32.4 43.24 ton.m

cm2 cm2 cm2

Bar Diameter
# of Bars Needed Spacing

32
6 16.67

mm

cm

Use Main Steel Or Shrinkage Steel 632/ m 132/16cm 532/20cm

Final Results

Footing ID Width F1 F2 4.6 7.45

Footing Dimentions (m) Length 5.1 7.45 Thickness 1.2 1.8

Bottom Steel Long dir. 625/ m 632/ m Short dir. 625/ m 632/ m

Top Steel Long dir. 325/20cm 332/20cm Short dir. 325/20cm 332/20cm

Ground Beam Design

Final Result

Dimensions G.B G.B I G.B II Width(m) 0.4 0.5 Depth(m) 0.7 0.75 exterior 720 925

Bottom & Top Steel interior 518 518 Support 725 1025

Static vs. Dynamic analysis Static analysis Our representative element will be the bending moment at the mid span of the interior span in the 2nd frame for each model.

We will take model for three stories , seven stories and ten stories then read the moment due to dead load and live load.

Moment due Live Load Dead Load

Three Stories 9.7 25.38

Seven Stories 9.52 24.93 9.72 25.46

Ten Stories 9.54 24.99 9.82 25.77

Average 9.66 25.31

As the result shows, the common practice is correct for interior floors in static analysis

Columns Comparison

Our representative element will be the axial force due to live load .

We will take model for three stories , seven stories and ten stories ,then read the axial force for corner , edge and interior columns in the bottom of each model.

SAP 2000 Analysis Results

Axial Force For

Corner Column
Edge Column Interior Column

Three Stories

Seven Stories

Ten Stories

43.32 ton
86.68 ton 241.98 ton

105.98 ton
207.98 ton 485.37 ton

157.76 ton
302.27 ton 676.77 ton

Tributary area

Tributary area Results

Live Load = 0.4 ton/m2

Axial Force For

Corner Column Edge Column Interior Column

Three Stories 43.03 ton 93.66 ton 187.31 ton

Seven Stories 100.41 ton 218.53 ton 437.06 ton

Ten Stories 143.44 ton 312.19 ton 624.38 ton

Dynamic Analysis

Using SAP 2000 Software

# of Stories
One Three Seven

T(sec)

Mass Participation Ratio

Direction

0.534228 0.435512
1.099129 0.882423 2.092426 1.65703 2.806996 2.21439 2.092426 1.65709

0.995042 0.996652
0.965566 0.970756 0.932716 0.938386 0.913832 0.91895 0.932716 0.938386

X-Direction Y-Direction
X-Direction Y-Direction X-Direction Y-Direction X-Direction Y-Direction X-Direction Y-Direction

Ten
Seven+Elcento

CHAPTER SEVEN PRESTRESS CONCRETE

Introduction Prestress concrete is not a new concept, its backing to 1872. (Jackson), an engineer from California, patented prestressing system that used a tie rod to construct beams or arches from individual blocks. The most practical development in prestressed concrete occurred from (1920 1960).

We will design the prestress building for gravity loads only, and the punching shear excluded from this study.

(ACI units is used)

Material properties and loads

Material properties:fc =6000 Psi fpu = 270 Ksi fpe= 159 Ksi Use strands = 1.0 inch.

fci = 4200 Psf fpy =243 Ksi fy = 60000 Psi Pe= 257597 Ib

Loads:live load (LL) = 80 Psf Super Imposed Load (SID) = 60 Psf

Slab thickness = Slab thickness = = 13.13 inches. Take slab thickness = 13.5 inches.

Slab Design for prestress system

Check stresses:1) check allowable stresses for the prestressing force and the slab own weight.

2) Check the ultimate strength .

Columns design for Prestress system

Sixteen columns having a rectangular section, and eight columns having a circular section, will be designed. All the columns in this project are classified into two groups depending on the ultimate axial load and the shape. The ultimate axial load on each column is from the Tributary area.
Columns number C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Ultimate loads from seven stories(ton) 606.06 1119.30 s 1210.70 1725.00 2240.00

Group (1) Group (2)

C1,C2,C3 C4,C5

Final Results

Summary of result Group I II Dimensions(h*b)(cm) spirally (D)(cm) 95*55 Spiral, D=90 0.0123 0.0142 3 As(cm2) 28.16 128.68 # of bars 8 22mm 16 32mm Shear reinforcement 4 10mm/25cm 10mm(spirally)

Footing design for prestress system

All footings in this part of the project will be isolated (single) footings. The design will depend on the total axial load carried by each column.

The footings are classified into two groups

Group ID F1 F2

Columns included C1,C2,C3 C4,C5

Loads (ton) Dead load Live load 694 236 1284 437

Group F1 Design
Flexure Design X-Y Direction Steel Design Mu = = As = As min = 108.34 0.0020 24.34 23.4 cm2 cm2 ton.m

Use As =

24.34

cm2

Bar Diameter # of Bars Needed Spacing Use Main Steel Or Shrinkage Steel

25 5 20

mm

cm

525/ m 125/20cm 525/20Cm

Group F2 Design
Flexure Design X-Y Direction Steel Design Mu = 222.97 ton.m

=
As = As min =

0.0031
42.71 27 cm2 cm2

Use As =

42.71

cm2

Bar Diameter # of Bars Needed Spacing Use Main Steel Or Shrinkage Steel

28 7 14.29

mm

cm

728/ m 128/14cm 528/20cm

Final Results

Footing Dimentions (m) Footing ID

Bottom Steel

Top Steel

Width
4.65 6.6

Length
5.05 6.6

Thickness
1.3 1.5

Long dir.
525/ m 728/ m

Short dir.
525/ m 728/ m

Long dir.
325/20cm 328/20cm

Short dir.
325/20c m 328/20c m

F1 F2