Scribd
Upload
53 views

Introduction Spring 2009

This document provides an overview of CE 244 Materials of Construction course objectives and content. The course aims to develop an understanding of key properties, requirements, and behavior of typical construction materials. It will cover the types, production methods, uses in construction, and properties of materials like stones, metals, clays, gypsum, lime, cements, and aggregates. These materials are used in various civil engineering structures. The document also classifies materials based on phase and internal structure/composition.

Uploaded by

Hundeejireenya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
53 views

Introduction Spring 2009

This document provides an overview of CE 244 Materials of Construction course objectives and content. The course aims to develop an understanding of key properties, requirements, and behavior of typical construction materials. It will cover the types, production methods, uses in construction, and properties of materials like stones, metals, clays, gypsum, lime, cements, and aggregates. These materials are used in various civil engineering structures. The document also classifies materials based on phase and internal structure/composition.

Uploaded by

Hundeejireenya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

CE 244

MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION

Course Objectives
To develop a basic understanding of key material properties, requirements, and related behavior characteristics of typical construction materials.

Course Content

Types Production methods Uses in construction Properties and related tests of the following materials of construction:
Building Stones Metals Clay Products Gypsum Lime

Cements Mineral Aggregates Concrete

Course Content

These materials are used in all civil engineering structures such as;
buildings bridges highways railways tunnels dams harbor structures towers etc.

CLASSIFICATION OF CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS


1.

According to their phases According to their internal structure & chemical composition

2.

Phase Classification
1. Gases : Air, oxygen, CO2
2. Liquids : Water, chemical admixtures 3. Semi-solids : Fresh pastes, mortars, asphalt 4. Solids : Metals, hardened concrete

Internal Structure & Chemical Composition Classification


1. Metals :
(formed by metallic bonds)

A. Ferrous (iron, cast iron, steel) B. Non-ferrous (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead)

2. Polymers :

(long chains having molecules of C, H, O, N which are formed by covalent bonding. The chains are bound to each other either by covalent bonds or Van der Waals forces.)

A. Natural (rubber, asphalt, resins, wood) B. Artificial (plastics)

Internal Structure & Chemical Composition Classification


3. Ceramics :
(mainly aluminosilicates formed by mixed bonding, covalent and ionic)

A. Structural clay products (bricks, tiles, pipes) B. Porcelains

4. Composite Materials :
A. Natural (agglomerates) B. Artificial (Portland cement, concrete)

Internal Structure & Chemical Composition Classification


5. Reinforced Composite Materials :
concrete, reinforced plastics) (reinforced

One of the most important tasks of an engineer is to select the most suitable material for a given civil engineering structure.

Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material for a Structure

Strength, rigidity & durability Requirements


Permanent loading Creep Strength Repeated loading Fatique Strength Impact loading Toughness & Resilience Surface loading Hardness & Resistance to abrasion

Environmental Requirements
Temperature change coefficient of thermal expansion Moisture movement permeability Chemical effects chemical composition

Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material for a Structure

Economy. Choose the cheaper & available materials considering


Initial cost Useful life Frequency of maintenance Cost of maintenance Salvage value etc.

Example: Comparison of concrete pavement vs. asphalt pavement for economy.


Concrete
Initial Cost Useful Life +

Asphalt
+

Frequency of Repair
Cost of Repair Salvage Value

+
+

+ +

General Properties of Civil Engineering Materials


Physical ** Mechanical ** Chemical Other


Thermal, Acoustical, Optical, Electrical

** Most CE Applications focus on physical & mechanical properties

Physical Properties

Properties of physical structure


density specific gravity porosity permeability surface energy texture (micro, macro) other (color, thermal expansion, shape)

Mechanical Properties

Resistance to applied loads (stress) initially & over time


stiffness strength fracture / yielding (brittle / ductile) tension compression flexure (bending) torsion direct shear multiaxial

Chemical Properties

Chemical composition, potential reaction with environment


oxide content carbonate content acidity, alkalinity resistance to corrosion

Determining the Properties of Civil Engineering Materials

Properties of materials are determined by


Laboratory testing Field testing

To avoid inconsistencies in test results STANDARDS are devised which describe the test apparatus and the procedure.

Items that are usually standardized in a test are:

Obtaining test specimens and number of specimens Size and shape of the specimen Preparation of specimens for testing Temperature & moisture during preparation & testing Type of machinery Rate of loading Interpretation of test results Writing a report

Standardization Institutes
Turkey - Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) England - British Standards Institute (BSI) Germany - Deutsche Institute Norm (DIN) U.S. - American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Europe - European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS

Although there are several different materials which have adhesive properties, three types are of particular interest to civil engineers. Glues : materials of gelatinous nature derived from vegetable or animal sources. Bituminous Materials : complex hydrocarbon Various Compounds of Calcium : gypsum, lime, cements

CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS

Cementitious materials are substances which, upon certain chemical reactions attain binding properties
Non-hydraulic cements (gypsum and lime) Hydraulic cements (portland cement)

Hydraulicity is that property of gaining binding value when mixed with water and remaining stable when exposed to water.

SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS


Fineness : Particle size. Normal Consistency : A standard amount of water which gives a certain fluidity to the paste. Time of Setting : Beginning of complete loss of plasticity. Sand Carrying Capacity : Amount of sand that can be added without harming plasticity Hardening : Formation of solid phase; complete loss of plasticity. Yield : Volume of final product obtained in comparison with volumes of constituent materials.

You might also like