70-291: MCSE Guide to

Managing a Microsoft Windows

Server 2003 Network

Chapter 4: Dynamic Host

Configuration Protocol
 Objectives
• Outline the benefits of using DHCP
• Describe the DHCP lease and renewal process
• Install and authorize the DHCP service
• Configure DHCP scopes
• Create DHCP reservations for client computers
• Configure DHCP options
• Understand and describe the purpose of a DHCP
relay
• Install and configure a DHCP relay

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 DHCP Overview
• Used to automatically deliver IP addressing
• Reduces the amount of time you spend configuring
computers on your network
• Used by default unless you specify otherwise
• The ipconfig /all command will indicate whether the
configuration came from a DHCP server computer

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 DHCP Overview (continued)

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 DHCP Overview (continued)

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 Leasing an IP Address

• An IP address is leased during the boot process

• The overall process is composed of four broadcast
packets:
• DHCPDISCOVER
• DHCPOFFER
• DHCPREQUEST
• DHCPACK

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 Leasing an IP Address
(continued)
• Any DHCP server that receives the DHCPDISCOVER
packet responds with a DHCPOFFER packet
• The DHCP client responds to the DHCPOFFER
packet it receives with a DHCPREQUEST packet
• A DHCPACK packet indicates confirmation that the
client can use the lease
• Once DHCPACK is received, the client can start using
the IP address and options in the lease

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 Leasing an IP Address
(continued)

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 Renewing an IP Address
• The IP address can either be permanent or timed
• A permanent address is never reused for another
client
• Timed leases expire after a certain amount of time
• Windows clients attempt to renew their lease after
50% of the lease time has expired
• A DHCP server may either honor or reject a renew
request

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 Renewing an IP Address
(continued)

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 Installing and Authorizing the
DHCP Service
• A DHCP service must be authorized after installation

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 Installing the DHCP Service
• DHCP is a standard service
• It is included in Windows Server 2003
• It is not installed as part of a default installation

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 Installing the DHCP Service
(continued)

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 Activity 4-1: Installing DHCP
• Objective: Install DHCP on Windows Server 2003
• Make sure your network connection is statically
configured
• Install the service using the Add/Remove Windows
Components utility

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 Authorizing the DHCP Service
• Unauthorized DHCP servers can hand out bad
information
• DHCP will not start unless authorized
• If Active Directory is used, authorization takes place
in Active Directory
• DHCP servers are automatically authorized under
certain conditions

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Authorizing the DHCP Service
(continued)

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Authorizing the DHCP Service
(continued)

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 Activity 4-2:
Starting an Authorized DHCP
Server
• Objective: View the results of starting a DHCP server
that does not participate in an Active Directory
domain
• Check to make sure the service is running
• Check out any relevant events using the System Log

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 Activity 4-3:
Installing the Active Directory
Service
• Objective: Install the Active Directory service on
your computer and participate in an Active Directory
domain
• Use the dcpromo utility
• Select “domain controller for a new domain”
• Select “domain in a new forest”
• Continue through the resulting dialogs

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 Activity 4-4:
Starting an Unauthorized DHCP
Server
• Objective: View the results of starting an unauthorized
DHCP server
• View the System Log to see the result of starting an
unauthorized DHCP server

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 Activity 4-5:
Authorizing a DHCP Server
• Objective: Authorize a DHCP server in Active
Directory
• Go to the DHCP snap-in and choose the activate
option

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 Configuring DHCP Scopes
• Scope defines a range of IP addresses
• Each scope is configured with:
• Description
• Starting IP address
• Ending IP address
• Subnet mask
• Exclusions
• Lease duration
• Two strategies exist for defining the starting and
ending IP addresses
• Allow all and exempt the few static addresses
• Use only the addresses not already in use

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 Configuring DHCP Scopes
(continued)

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 Configuring DHCP Scopes
(continued)
• Exclusions are used to prevent some IP addresses
from being handed out dynamically
• Lease duration defines how long client computers are
allowed to use an IP address
• Default lease duration is eight days
• A scope must be activated before the DHCP service
can begin using it

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 Activity 4-6: Creating a Scope
• Objective: Create a scope to distribute IP addresses to
client computers
• Manually enter the IP configuration settings as
directed by the text
• Create a new scope using the configuration settings
provided

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 Activity 4-7:
Activating and Testing a Scope
• Objective: Activate a DHCP scope, and then test it
with a partner
• One person will activate the scope created in the
previous activity
• Another person will try to obtain an automatic IP
address from the server

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 Superscopes
• Used to combine multiple scopes into a single logical
scope
• Allows multiple scopes to be treated as a single scope
• If a superscope is used, then the DHCP server offers
only one lease as opposed to multiple leases

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 Superscopes (continued)

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 Activity 4-8:
Configuring a Superscope
• Objective: Combine two scopes into a single logical
unit using a superscope
• First, create a second scope in addition to the scope
already created in a previous activity
• Create a superscope to encompass the two scopes
• Use the DHCP snap-in for this activity

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 Activity 4-9:
Deleting a Superscope
• Objective: Delete a superscope, leaving each scope
independent
• Make sure you delete the superscope without deleting
the subscopes

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 Multicast Scopes
• Used to deliver multicast addresses to applications
that require it
• Multicast addresses are used to deliver packets to
groups of computers
• Start and end IP addresses define the range of
addresses that can be handed out by DHCP servers
• TTL defines the number of routers through which a
multicast packet can move

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 Multicast Scopes (continued)
• Exclusions define addresses that should not be
handed out
• Lease duration defines the length of time that an
application can use a multicast address
• Default lease length is 30 days

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 Activity 4-10:
Creating a Multicast Scope
• Objective: Create a multicast scope to deliver
multicast addresses to applications
• Setting up a multicast scope is very similar to setting
up any other scope
• Set the scope configuration to that specified in the
text

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 Activity 4-11:
Deleting a Multicast Scope
• Objective: Delete a multicast scope
• Right click on the scope and issue the delete command

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 Creating DHCP Reservations
• Reservations are used to hand out a specific IP
address to a particular client
• Useful when delivering IP addresses to devices that
would normally use static addresses
• Can also be beneficial when firewalls are in place
• Reservations are created based on MAC addresses

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 Creating DHCP Reservations
(continued)

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 Activity 4-12:
Creating and Testing a
Reservation
• Objective: Create a DHCP reservation, and test it
with a client
• Configure the server to reserve an IP address for a
client machine
• Test to see if the client machine picks up the reserved
address

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 Configuring DHCP Options
• DHCP can hand out a variety of other IP configuration
options
• It is common that all workstations within an entire
organization use the same DNS servers
• DNS is often configured at the server level

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 Configuring DHCP Options
(continued)

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 Configuring DHCP Options
(continued)

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 Activity 4-13:
Setting Server Options
• Objective: Set the DNS server option for a DHCP
server
• Check 006 DNS servers option
• Add the IP address x.0.0.250

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 Activity 4-14:
Setting Scope Options
• Objective: Set the default gateway in the scope
options
• Use the DHCP snap-in to complete this activity

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 Activity 4-15:
Testing Server & Scope Options
• Objective: Activate a DHCP scope, and then test it
with a partner to ensure that scope options are handed
out
• Activate a DHCP scope
• Configure a client to access the server
• Check the default gateway and DNS settings to find
out whether or not the configurations entered in
previous activities were done correctly

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 Vendor and User Classes
• Used to differentiate between clients within a scope
• Vendor classes are based on the operating system
• User classes are defined based on network
connectivity or the administrator
• You can use the ipconfig /setclassid command to set
the DHCP user class ID

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 Vendor and User Classes
(continued)

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 Vendor and User Classes
(continued)

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 Configuring a DHCP Relay
• DHCP packets cannot travel across a router
• A relay agent is necessary in order to have a single
DHCP server handle all leases
• Relay agents receive broadcast DHCP packets and
forward them as unicast packets to a DHCP server
• The DHCP relay cannot be installed on the same
server as the DHCP service

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 Configuring a DHCP Relay
(continued)

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 Configuring a DHCP Relay
(continued)

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 Activity 4-16:
Configuring a DHCP Relay
• Objective: Uninstall the DHCP service from your
computer and configure it as a DHCP relay
• Uninstall the DHCP service
• Configure the computer as a relay by using the
Routing and Remote Access tool provided in
Windows

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 Summary
• DHCP dynamically assigns IP address information to clients
on a network
• The DHCP lease process is composed of four packets:
• DHCPDISCOVER
• DHCPOFFER
• DHCPREQUEST
• DHCPACK
• A DHCP client attempts to renew its lease at 50%, 87.5%, and
100% of the lease time
• The commands ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew can be
used to release and renew DHCP leases

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 Summary (continued)
• If the Active Directory service is present on your
network, each DHCP server must be authorized in
Active Directory to lease addresses to clients
• A scope defines a range of IP addresses that are
leased to clients
• A superscope combines two scopes into a single
logical unit to service network segments with two
subnets

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 Summary (continued)
• An exclusion in a scope can stop a DHCP server from
handing out specific addresses
• A reservation allows you to give a specific
workstation a defined IP address by tying the DHCP
lease to the MAC address of the client
• Vendor and user classes can be used to configure
some client computers with different options,
depending on the class to which they belong
• A DHCP relay agent is required on each network that
requires IP configuration from a DHCP server across
a router

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