Scribd
Upload
2K views28 pages

1) Double Sideband Full Carrier (DSBFC)

The document discusses different types of amplitude modulation (AM) including: 1) Double sideband full carrier (DSBFC) which contains upper and lower sidebands plus the carrier and is used in all AM radio broadcasts. 2) Double sideband suppressed carrier (DSBSC) which contains only the upper and lower sidebands. 3) Single sideband (SSB) which contains either the upper or lower sideband and is more efficient than DSBSC in terms of power and bandwidth usage.

Uploaded by

12boss
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views28 pages

1) Double Sideband Full Carrier (DSBFC)

The document discusses different types of amplitude modulation (AM) including: 1) Double sideband full carrier (DSBFC) which contains upper and lower sidebands plus the carrier and is used in all AM radio broadcasts. 2) Double sideband suppressed carrier (DSBSC) which contains only the upper and lower sidebands. 3) Single sideband (SSB) which contains either the upper or lower sideband and is more efficient than DSBSC in terms of power and bandwidth usage.

Uploaded by

12boss
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

1) Double sideband full carrier (DSBFC)

- Contains USB, LSB and Carrier


- This is the most widely used type of AM modulation. In fact,
all radio channels in the AM band use this type of modulation.

2) Double sideband suppressed carrier (DSBSC)
- Contains only USB & LSB
- A circuit that produces DSBSC is Balanced modulator

3) Single sideband (SSB)
- In this modulation, only half of the signal of the DSBSC is used
- Contains either LSB or USB
- Produce efficient system in term of power consumption and
bandwidth

4) Vestigial Sideband (VSB):
- This is a modification of the SSB to ease the generation and
reception of the signal.

Eliminating the carrier results in a double-
sideband suppressed carrier (DSSC or DSB)
signal shown below.
Suppressed carrier AM signal (DSB)
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Time (sec)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Time (sec)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
Full carrier AM signal
Note the phase transitions
Suppressed carrier AM signal (DSB) Full carrier AM signal
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency (Hz)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Time (sec)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Time (sec)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency (Hz)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
Frequency domain Frequency domain
Despite power savings, DSB AM is not widely
used because the signal is difficult to
demodulate (recover) at the receiver.
One important application of DSB is the
transmission of color information in a TV
signal.
1956 ad for Aldrich 21CS781 in limited oak grain finish
DSBSC Modulator t t v t v
c m DSBSC
e cos ) ( ) ( = v
m
(t)
v
c
(t)
Frequency spectrum signal am
DSBSC
c
e
m c
e e +
) (V Amplitude
) (
1
rads e
m c
e e 0
2
m
E
2
m
E
m
e
2
m
E
LSB
USB
Modulating band
( ) ( )t f f
E
t f f
E
t v
m c
m
m c
m
DSBSC
t t t t 2 2 cos
2
2 2 cos
2
) ( + + =
Sidebands signal
c
e
m c
e e +
( ) ( )t
E
t
E
t am
m c
m
m c
m
DSBSC
e e e e + + = cos
2
cos
2
) (
) (V Amplitud
) (
1
rads e
m c
e e 0
2
m
E
2
m
E
LSB USB
LSB
f
USB
f
R
E
R
E
R
E
R
E
R
E
R
V
R
V
P P P
m
m m
m m
USB LSB
USB LSB T
rms rms
4
8 8
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
=
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
=
+ =
+ =
4
2
m
T
E
P =
SB T
P P =
Therefore the efficiency, = 100%
Because the LSB and USB contain the same
information there is no reason to transmit
both.
One sideband can be suppressed and the
remaining signal is called single-sideband
suppressed carrier (SSSC or SSB).

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency (Hz)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
Frequency domain
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency (Hz)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
Frequency domain
Double-sideband suppressed carrier
signal (DSB)
Single-sideband suppressed carrier
signal (SSB)
SSB modulator
t t v t t v t am
c h c m SSB
e e sin ) (
2
1
cos ) (
2
1
) ( = v
m
(t)
v
c
(t)
sideband
( ) | | t f f E t am
m c m SSB
t t 2 2 cos ) ( =
( ) | | t f f E t am
m c m SSB
t t 2 2 cos ) ( + =
am
SSB-LSB
am
SSB-USB
Frequency spectrum am
SSB
c
e
m c
e e +
( ) | |
( ) | |

=
t f f
E
t f f
E
t am
m c
m
m c
m
SSB
t t
t t
2 2 cos
2
2 2 cos
2
) (
am
SSB-LSB
am
SSB-USB
) (V Amplitud
) (
1
rads e m c
e e 0
2
m
A
2
m
A
m
e
m
A
Jalur Sisi Bawah
LSB
Jalur Sisi Atas
USB
Jalur Memodulat
Mathematical representation for am
SSB
signal components:
c
e
m c
e e +
) (V Amplitud
) (
1
rads e
m c
e e
0
2
m
E
2
m
E
LSB
USB
LSB
f
USB
f
( ) | |
( ) | |

=
t f f
E
t f f
E
t am
m c
m
m c
m
SSB
t t
t t
2 2 cos
2
2 2 cos
2
) (
R
E
R
E
R
E
R
E
R
V
R
V
P P P
m m
m m
USB LSB
USB LSB T
rms rms
8 8
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
= =
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
= =
= =
14
We therefore reduced the
transmitting power by 50%
compared to am
DSB-SC
. Assume, R
= 1 ohm.

Therefore
8
2
m
T
E
P =
USB LSB T
P P P = =
Therefore the efficiency, = 100%
am
SSB
signal spectrum

c
f
m c
f f +
15
( ) | |
( ) | |

=
t
A
t
A
t am
m c
m
m c
m
SSB
e e
e e
cos
2
cos
2
) (
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

+ + + +
+ +
=
m c
m
m c
m
m c
m
m c
m
SSB
f f f
A
f f f
A
f f f
A
f f f
A
f AM
o o
o o
2 2
2 2
) (
am
SSB-LSB
signal
amSSB-USB signal
amSSB-LSB spectrum
amSSB-USB spectrum

) (Hz f
) (V Amplitud
m c
f f
0
m
f
2
m
A
m
A
m
A
Bandwidth. The spectrum occupied by an SSB
signal is one-half that of DSB signals. This
allows more channels to occupy the same
spectrum.
Power. All of the power of the transmitter can
be dedicated to the information bearing part
of the signal.
For the same power, SSB signal can be reliably
received at greater distances.
Alternatively, SSB transmitters can be made smaller
and lighter.
Noise immunity. Because SSB signals occupy
a narrower bandwidth, the amount of noise in
the signal is reduced.
Fading. SSB signals are less susceptible to
selective fading suffered during long distance
transmissions.

The main disadvantage of DSB and SSB signal
is that they are harder to demodulate at the
receiver.
Demodulation relies on the presence of a carrier.
A carrier can be regenerated in the receiver
but it is difficult to exactly match the original
phase.

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency (Hz)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency (Hz)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
Frequency domain of DSB signal
Signals with fully suppressed carriers
Frequency domain of SSB signal
Advantage of DSB
Efficient in terms of Power Usage
Modulation Efficiency is 100%.
Large Bandwidth


Disadvantage of DSB
Product Detector is required for demodulation
of DSB signal which is quite expensive.
Signal is rarely used because the signal is
difficult to recover at the receiver.
Carrier is transmitted with full power
One complete sideband is also transmitted
Only part of the second sideband is transmitted

Lower modulating signal frequencies are
transmitted double sideband and the higher
modulating signals are transmitted single
sideband

Thus lower sideband experience 100%
modulation while the upper sideband cannot
achieve more than 50% modulation
Television broadcasts (regardless of NTSC,
PAL, or SECAM analog video format) use this
method if the video is transmitted in AM, due
to the enormous bandwidth used.
DSBFC AM
SSBFC AM
SSBSC AM
VSB AM
P
T
= P
c
+ (m
2
P
c
/4)
P
T
= P
c
[1 + (m
2
/2)]
USB LSB
P
c
= V
c
2
/R
P
lsb
= (m
2
P
c
/4) P
usb
= (m
2
P
c
/4)
USB
P
lsb
= 0
P
usb
= (m
2
P
c
/4)
P
c
= V
c
2
/R
P
usb
= (m
2
P
c
/4)= P
T
USB
P
c
= 0
P
lsb
= 0
USB
LSB
P
lsb
=< P
usb
P
usb
= (m
2
P
c
/4)
P
T
= P
c
+ m
2
P
c
/4+
P
lsb
In a conventional 60-W AM transmission with
m = 100%, each sideband will contain 10 W of
power.
The equivalent SSB transmitter would only
require a 10-W total output to match its
performance.
SSB transmitter output is expressed in terms
of peak envelope power (PEP), the maximum
power produced on voice amplitude peaks.
( )
2
2
rms
/ 2
PEP
peak
V
V
R R
= =
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Time (sec)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
For the DSB voice signal depicted below, what is the
peak envelope power (PEP) delivered to a 50-O
antenna? If the transmitter is being powered by a
450-V supply, what maximum amplifier current I
max

occurs at the peak?
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Time (sec)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
Note that voice amplitude peaks occur only
occasionally, thus the average power is
typically only one-fourth to one-third the PEP
value for typical human speech.





Most SSB transmitters are designed to handle
average power on a continuous basis (not
PEP)
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Time (sec)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
avg avg
PEP PEP
or
3 4
P P = =
SSB radios are common in marine and military
applications in which long range performance
required.
AM DSB is used in FM and TV Broadcasting

Icom IC-7000 HF/VHF/UHF
All Mode Transceiver
540-1600kHz broadcast band
27 MHz Citizens Band
108-136Mhz: the aircraft band
Numerous international shortwave broadcast
from 3-30 MHz.

You might also like