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Archies Equations

This document discusses Archie's law and equations for determining formation resistivity and saturation from well log data. It introduces Archie's equation which relates formation resistivity to properties like porosity, water saturation, and a cementation factor. The formation factor equation is also presented which depends on porosity and pore geometry. Examples of typical values for different rock types are provided. Factors that can affect resistivity measurements like partial water saturation and mudcake invasion are also summarized.

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432 views15 pages

Archies Equations

This document discusses Archie's law and equations for determining formation resistivity and saturation from well log data. It introduces Archie's equation which relates formation resistivity to properties like porosity, water saturation, and a cementation factor. The formation factor equation is also presented which depends on porosity and pore geometry. Examples of typical values for different rock types are provided. Factors that can affect resistivity measurements like partial water saturation and mudcake invasion are also summarized.

Uploaded by

1234abcd
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Properties

Archies Law
Rt
Ro
Rw
Cube of water
having resistivity,
Rw
Non-shaly rock, 100% saturated
with water having resistivity,
Rw
Rock containing pores saturated
with water and hydrocarbons
|= 100%
Sw = 100%
|= 20%
Sw = 100%
|= 20%
Sw = 20%
Formation Factor
Equation
Saturation
Equation
The formation factor (F) depends on
Porosity of the formation,
Pore geometry - tortuosity
Lithology of the formation
Degree of cementation, and
Type and amount of clay in the rock

Formation Factor
From J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes
Archies equation for formation factor is a
power law model:
F=R
0
/R
w
=a|
-m

Formation Factor Equation
Rock type 1
Rock type 2
1000
100
10
1
.01 .1 1.0
|
F

Note: S
w
=1
From NExT, 1999
Formation Factor - Example Core Data
From J. Jensen, PETE 321
Lecture Notes
a = 1.0
F=a|
-m

a = constant ~ 1.0 for most formations
m = cementation factor ~ 2 for most formations

Other commonly used values
Sandstones:
F = 0.8/|
2
(Tixier)
0.62/|
2.15
(Humble)
Carbonates
F = 0.8/|
2

Formation Factor
From J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes
Power Law
Model

I
R
=R
t
/R
0
=S
w
-n

Each curve for a
specific core
sample
No conductive
materials (clay)
present
Saturation Equation
Rock type 1
Rock type 2
1000
100
10
1
.01 .1 1.0
S
w

I
R

=

R
t

R
0

From NExT, 1999
Laboratory Determination of
Saturation Exponent, n
From J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes
R
0
Appears in Both Equations
n
w
o
t
m
w
o
S
1
R
R
a
R
R
when S
w
= 100%
when | = constant
From NExT, 1999
Archies Equation (Combined)
n
t
m
w
w
R
R a
S
Water
saturation,
fraction
w
S
Resistivity of
formation water,
O-m
w
R
True formation
resistivity, O-m
t
R
Porosity,
fraction

Empirical constant
(usually near unity)
a
Saturation
exponent
(also usually
near 2)
n
Cementation
exponent
(usually near 2)
m
From NExT, 1999
IDEALIZED
LOG SET
| = 0.30
| = 0.35
| = 0.07
R = 0.4
R = 0.3
R = 4
R = 8
Sand
Shale
From J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes
Effect of Filtrate Invasion -
R
near_well
= R
t
(permeability present)
Modified from J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes
Wellbore
Mud
(Rm)
Mud Cake
(Rmc)
Uninvaded
Zone
(R
t
)
Invaded
Zone (R
xo
)
Uninvaded
Zone
(R
t
)
GRC
0 150
SPC
MV -160 40
ACAL
6 16
ILDC
0.2 200
SNC
0.2 200
MLLCF
0.2 200
RHOC
1.95 2.95
CNLLC
0.45 -0.15
DT
us/f 150 50
001) BONANZA 1
10700
10800
10900
EXAMPLE LOG WITH RESISTIVITY
Deep
Resistivity
Log (ILDC), ~R
t

SNC
0.2 200
MLLCF
0.2 200
ILDC
0.2 200
From NExT, 1999
Laboratory Resistance

From J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes
Laboratory Resistivity
Resistivity
( )
( )
( ) m L
m A ohms
I
V
meters ohm R
2
* ) (
=
From J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes

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