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Chapter 22 Introduction To Plant Kingdoms

Bryophytes were some of the first plants to colonize land and required adaptations to survive out of water. They reproduce via spores and have a life cycle with both haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations. There are three divisions of bryophytes: mosses, whose gametophytes produce leafy shoots and sporophytes grow on long stalks; liverworts, with thalloid or lobed flattened gametophytes that reproduce via gemmae; and hornworts, with thalloid gametophytes bearing horn-shaped sporophytes. Bryophytes play an important ecological role in developing soil and preventing erosion.

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133 views19 pages

Chapter 22 Introduction To Plant Kingdoms

Bryophytes were some of the first plants to colonize land and required adaptations to survive out of water. They reproduce via spores and have a life cycle with both haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations. There are three divisions of bryophytes: mosses, whose gametophytes produce leafy shoots and sporophytes grow on long stalks; liverworts, with thalloid or lobed flattened gametophytes that reproduce via gemmae; and hornworts, with thalloid gametophytes bearing horn-shaped sporophytes. Bryophytes play an important ecological role in developing soil and preventing erosion.

Uploaded by

Jorge Reyes
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to the Plant Kingdom: Bryophytes

Chapter 22

Colonization of Land

Plants required evolution of structural, physiological, reproductive adaptations


Plants produce gametes in multicellular gametangia that contain a protective layer of sterile cells

KEY TERMS

CUTICLE

A noncellular, waxy covering over the epidermis of aerial plant parts that reduces water loss

STOMA

A small pore in the plant epidermis that allows gas exchange for photosynthesis

Plant Ancestors 1

Plants probably evolved from green algae


Similar biochemical characteristics:

pigments (chlorophylls a and b, carotenes, xanthophylls) cell-wall components (cellulose) carbohydrate storage material (starch)

KEY TERMS

SPORE

A reproductive cell that gives rise to individual offspring in plants, fungi, and certain algae and protozoa

The Sporophyte Generation

First stage is zygote

Develops into an embryo, protected and nourished by gametophyte plant

Mature sporophyte plant has spore mother cells that undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores

First stage in gametophyte generation

Bryophytes

Small, fairly simple plants Nonvascular Gametophyte is dominant generation

grows independently of sporophyte and is usually perennial

Mosses

Leafy moss gametophytes develop from a protonema


A moss sporophyte consists of a capsule, a seta, and a foot

KEY TERMS

PROTONEMA

In mosses, a filament of n cells that grows from a spore and develops into leafy moss gametophytes

CAPSULE

Portion of the bryophyte sporophyte in which spores are produced

Capsule

Seta

Foot

Fig. 22-6c, p. 435

KEY TERMS

LIVERWORT

A member of a phylum of spore-producing, nonvascular, thalloid or leafy plants with a life cycle similar to that of mosses

KEY TERMS

THALLUS

A body that lacks roots, stems, or leaves

GEMMA

A small body of tissue that becomes detached from a parent liverwort and is capable of developing into a new organism

Liverworts

Antheridiophore

Gametophyte thallus

Fig. 22-10a, p. 440

Fig. 22-10b, p. 440

KEY TERMS

HORNWORT

A member of a phylum of spore-producing, nonvascular thalloid plants with a life cycle similar to that of mosses

Hornworts

Hornwort gametophytes are thalloid; their sporophytes form hornlike projections out of the gametophyte thallus

Hornwort

Mosses

Colonize rock previously colonized by lichens

Help form thin soil in which grasses and other plants can grow

Grow in dense colonies

Hold soil in place, help prevent soil erosion

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