Diastrophism

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Refers

to the series of processes by which the major features of the earths crust were formed and changed due to relative changes in the position and in the formation of rock, which maybe sudden, causing earthquakes.

1. Uplift- is either local or wide

spread of the crust. 2. Subsidence- occurs when the earths crust sinks. 3. Thrust- is a horizontal motion of the crust.

1. Uplift- is either local or wide

spread of the crust.


Upward Movement

Island in Pacific

Scandinavian in Sweden

2. Subsidence- occurs when

the earths crust sinks.

Downward Movement

Island in Pacific

Drowned Valley

3. Thrust- is a horizontal motion of the crust.

1906 Movement of rock in San Francisco

Stress Elastic Strain

Compressive Tensional shear

Plastic
Fracture
dome Basin
Anticline Syncline
Monocline

Dip-slip
Strike-slip

Folding

Faulting
Oblique-slip

1.

Stress and Strain

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRESS AND STRAIN Stress- is a force that tends to

compress, pull apart, or distort a rock. Strain- is the adjustment to stress which could result into a change in volume or shape or could even lead to breaking.

Compressive stress- result from the movement of two plates pressing on a stationary plate. Tensional stress- effect of one plate moving away from a fixed plate. Shear stress- results from the sliding motion of two plates which pass one another or by one plate sliding a fixed plate.

Compressive stress- result from the

movement of two plates pressing on a stationary plate.

Tensional stress- effect of one plate moving away from a fixed plate.

Shear stress- results from the sliding


motion of two plates which pass one another or by one plate sliding a fixed plate.

Elastic strain- flexibility of rock units are displayed by going back to their original shape after they are freed from stress. Plastic strain- rock units are deformed either by molding or bending after the stress was released. Fracture strain- rock units break or

crack.

2. Folding- curving of layered bedrocks where there is an application of stress.

FOLDS- are warps in layered bedrocks.

There are 5 types of folds: 1. Dome 2. Basin 3. Anticline 4. Syncline 5.Monocline

Dome- vertical upward stress with big ascending bulge Basin- downward bulging fold Anticline- arch shaped fold Syncline- trough shaped fold Monocline- horizontal beds are modified by step warps

Dome- vertical upward stress with

big ascending bulge

Basin- downward bulging fold

Anticline- arch shaped fold

Syncline- trough shaped fold

Monocline- horizontal beds are modified by step warps

3.

Faulting- results when there is a fracture in the continuity of a rock formation. FAULT MOVEMENT- direction of slippage

There are 3 types of fault movement: 1. Dip Slip fold 2. Strike slip fold 3. Oblique slip fold

Dip-slip fold- movement is parallel to the

fault surface.

Strike-slip fold- indicates the horizontal motion parallel to the strike of the fault surface. Oblique-slip- has both strike slip and dip slip components

Normal Fault Reverse Fault

Dip-slip fold- movement is parallel to

the fault surface.


Normal Fault
Reverse Fault

Strike-slip fold- indicates the

horizontal motion parallel to the strike of the fault surface.

Oblique-slip- has both strike

slip and dip slip components

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