This document outlines the research process and different types of research. It defines research as a systematic investigation guided by theory and hypotheses. The aim of research is to investigate events based on facts. The main types of research are pure/theoretical research conducted for knowledge and applied/practical research to solve problems. The research process involves defining the problem, developing a framework, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and discussing results. Applied research aims to apply knowledge to solve problems.
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This document outlines the research process and different types of research. It defines research as a systematic investigation guided by theory and hypotheses. The aim of research is to investigate events based on facts. The main types of research are pure/theoretical research conducted for knowledge and applied/practical research to solve problems. The research process involves defining the problem, developing a framework, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and discussing results. Applied research aims to apply knowledge to solve problems.
This document outlines the research process and different types of research. It defines research as a systematic investigation guided by theory and hypotheses. The aim of research is to investigate events based on facts. The main types of research are pure/theoretical research conducted for knowledge and applied/practical research to solve problems. The research process involves defining the problem, developing a framework, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and discussing results. Applied research aims to apply knowledge to solve problems.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document outlines the research process and different types of research. It defines research as a systematic investigation guided by theory and hypotheses. The aim of research is to investigate events based on facts. The main types of research are pure/theoretical research conducted for knowledge and applied/practical research to solve problems. The research process involves defining the problem, developing a framework, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and discussing results. Applied research aims to apply knowledge to solve problems.
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Research Method
Dr. Dante R. Garcia
Professor The Graduate School University of Santo Tomas
Lecture 1
RESEARCH AND PROCESS
Research is systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena (Kerlinger 1986 as Cited by Ardales 1992). It is a systematic, objective and comprehensive investigation of certain phenomenon, which involves accurate gathering, recording and critical analyzing, and interpreting of all facts about the phenomenon.
AIM OF RESEARCH
To investigate event based on facts.
Establishing facts means no guesswork, disorganized procedure and biased viewpoint.
TYPES OF RESEARCH Pure or theoretical type
conducted for the sake of knowing and establishing a theory or a principle. Applied or practical research conducted to obtain certain result solution to improve prevailing conditions. Applied research aims to apply, test and evaluate usefulness of a theory or knowledge arrive at in solving problems.
TYPES OF RESEARCH (Librero 1993)
Purposive nomenclature Fundamental or Pure research. (physical science viewpoint) development of theories by discovering broad generalization or principles. It is performed in laboratories (as an activity of clinical psychologist) Applied research. Purpose is to improve a product or a process like testing theoretical concepts in actual problem situation. Action research. Purpose is to improve practices and improve those who try to improve the practices. Focused is on immediate application, not on the development of theory, not upon application. Emphasis is problem on local setting and findings are evaluated under universal validity.
TYPES OF RESEARCH (Librero 1993)
Descriptive Nomenclature Historical research. It describes what was. It involves investigation, documentation, analyze and interpret events of the past for purpose of generalizations that are helpful in understanding the present, and to limited extent in anticipating the future. Descriptive research. Describes what is. It describes, analyze and interpret the conditions that now exist. It involves some kind of comparison and contrast. It may attempt to discover relationship between existing nonmanipulated variables.
Experimental research. It describes what will be when certain variables are carefully controlled or manipulated. The focus is on the relationship of variables. Deliberate manipulation is always a part of experimental method.
Example of applied research
A study on the impact of a technology to a firm or on an industry and the community. The findings will be useful in determining the improvement brought about by the technology (say a machine, process or equipment) in increasing production capacity, income and employment generation.
RESEARCH PROCESS Define the problem and objectives. The researcher must have the experience on the identified problem. Formulate the objectives based on the problem. Construct a theoretical or conceptual framework. This will show the relationships of variables being studied and will guide the researcher in his analysis. Formulate the hypothesis(es) based on the objectives and framework. These hypothesis is the statement on the expected relationship of the variables which permit empirical testing.
RESEARCH PROCESS Decide the research design appropriate to the study. Historical, experimental, descriptive and others. Collection of data. Define the population, specify sampling frame, specify the sampling unit, specify the sampling method, determine the sample size, specify sampling plan and select the sample. Presentation, analysis and interpretation of data. Results and discussion. Conclusion, recommendations and implications
USTGS RESEARCH PROCESS
PROBLEM & OBJECTIVES
THEORETICAL & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
REVIEW OF LITERATURE/ STUDIES
RESEARCH DESIGN
HYPOTHESIS
CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE
GATHER DATA PROCESS ANALYZE
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS IMPLICATIONS
Function of Research Corrects perceptions as well as expands them Gathers information on events that we lack knowledge about. Develops and evaluates concepts, practices and theories. Obtains knowledge for practical purposes like solving problems on population explosion, crimes, consumption, inflation, etc. Provides hard facts which serve as bases for planning, decision-making, project implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
Review Define: research, theoretical and applied research. What is the aim of research? Enumerate the research process. Give the functions of research. Give the relationship of the stages in the research process to each other.
Selected Reference Emory, C. W. and Donald R. Cooper. 1991. Business Research Methods. 4th Edition. Richard D. Irwin, Inc. Homewood Illinois, USA.
