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Special G Codes of CNC Programming

Mirror image mode can be turned on and off for each axis using G-codes G51.1 and G50.1. Coordinate system rotation can be applied using G68, specifying the center point and rotation angle. Polar coordinate mode can be entered using G16, allowing radius and angle to be specified instead of X and Y coordinates. Circular pocket milling cycles G12 and G13 allow milling circular pockets in clockwise or counterclockwise directions in a single or multiple pass operation.

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António Oliveira
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327 views14 pages

Special G Codes of CNC Programming

Mirror image mode can be turned on and off for each axis using G-codes G51.1 and G50.1. Coordinate system rotation can be applied using G68, specifying the center point and rotation angle. Polar coordinate mode can be entered using G16, allowing radius and angle to be specified instead of X and Y coordinates. Circular pocket milling cycles G12 and G13 allow milling circular pockets in clockwise or counterclockwise directions in a single or multiple pass operation.

Uploaded by

António Oliveira
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Special G codes of CNC Programming

Prepared by M.Ganesh Murugan

Function and Purpose:-

Mirror Image On / Off: G15.1 / G50.1

Mirror image mode can be turned on and off for each axis using G-codes. Higher priority is given to the mirror image setting with the G-codes over setting by any other methods. Programming Format G51.1 X__ Y__ Z__ G50.1 X__ Y__ Z__ Detailed:

Mirror image ON Mirror image OFF

Use the address and coordinates in a G51.1 block to specify the mirroring axis and mirroring center
(using absolute or incremental data), respectively

If the coordinate word is designated in G50.1, then this denotes the axis for which the mirror image is to be cancelled .Coordinate data, even if specified, is ignored in that case

After mirror image processing has been performed for only one of the axes forming a plane, the

rotational direction and the offset direction become reverse during arc interpolation, tool diameter
offsetting, or coordinate rotation

Since the mirror image processing function is valid only for local coordinate systems, the center of mirror image processing moves according to the particular counter preset data or workpiece coordinate offsetting data

Sample Programs
G00 G90 G40 G49 G80 M98 P100 G51.1 X0.0 M98 P100 G51.1 Y0.0 M98 P100 G50.1 X0.0 M98 P100 G50.1 Y0.0 M30. (SUB PROGRAM O100) O0100 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0 G90 G00 X20.0 Y20.0 G42 G01 X40. D.01F120 Y40. X20. Y20. G40 X0.0 Y0.0 M99

Mirror can also be performed with M21 Mirror image along the X axis M22 Mirror image along the Y axis M23 Mirror image cancel

G68 and G69 - Coordinate System Rotation

A rotation transformation can be applied to the controlled point coordinates commanded by a part program or by the MDI line. To do this program G68 X__Y__R__ The X and Y words specify the center about which the rotation is to be applied in the current coordinate system. R is the angle of rotation in degrees with positive values being counter-clockwise. If X or Y are omitted then zero is assumed. A and B can be used as synonyms for X and Y respectively. To cancel rotation program G69. If a G68 is used while rotation is in operation a G69 is implied before it. In other words successive G68s are not cumulative and the X and Y points are always in an un-rotated system. When a rotation is in use the X and Y axis DROs will be red to remind the operator that these values are program coordinate values which will be rotated

An Example
G68 X0 Y0 R30 M98 P0001 G68 X0 Y0 R60 M98 P0001 G68 X0 Y0 R120 M98 P0001 G68 X0 Y0 R180 M98 P0001

No relationship between program and diagram It is just a model

Note:

G68 may only be used in the XY plane (G17 mode)


The effects of changing work offsets when a rotation transformation is in

And effect will be non-intuitive so it is wiser not to program this. Indeed care O0001 should be taken proving any program including transformations. G83 G99 R2 Z-10 Q1 F100 There is very little standardization of the functions of this code across different CNC controls so careful checks should be made on code written for X 20 Y-20 other machines. <etc > Jogging always takes place in the direction of the machine axes. The tool M99 path display frame is oriented to the physical axes and will show the part at
the angle at which it will be cut

G15 and G16 - Exit and Enter Polar Mode

It is possible for G0 and G1 moves in the X/Y plane only to specify coordinates as a radius and angle relative to a temporary center point; program G16 to enter this mode. The current coordinates of the controlled point are the temporary center Format G15 to revert to normal Cartesian coordinates G0 X2.0 Y2.0

( normal G0 move to 2.0,2.0 ) G16 - start of polar mode. G01 X1.0 Y45 ( this will move to X = 2.7071, Y = 2.7071 which is a spot on a circle) (of radius 1.0 at 45 degrees from the initial coordinates of 2.0,2.0 )

Example - Drilling a circle of holes

The code below moves to a circle of holes every 90 degrees on a circle of radius 2.5", center X = 0.5, Y = 0.6 and high- speed peck drills to Z = -0.6 G00 Z0.0; G01 X0.5 Y0.6; (go to the center point) G16; (enable Polar coordinates) G81 X2.5 Y0.0 R0.0 Z-.6 F3;(in G16 mode the X becomes the offset from center and the Y becomes the degrees of rotation from the center) X2.5 Y90; X2.5 Y180; X2.6 Y270; G15; (cancels the g16) G80; (cancels the canned cycle) G01 Z0.0; G00 X0.0 Y0.0; M30;
No relationship between program and diagram It is just a model

Note: (1) You must not make X or Y moves other than by using G0 or G1 when G16 is active; (2) This G16 is different to a Fanuc implementation in that it uses the current point as the polar center. The Fanuc version requires a lot of origin shifting to get the desired result for any circle not centered on 0, 0

CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING EXERCISE


G12 CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING CW (or) G13 CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING CCW X Position to center of pocket Y Position to center of pocket Z Depth of cut or increment down I Radius of First Circle (or the
finish radius If K is not used)

K Radius of Finished Circle


(if specified)

Q Radius step over Increment (must be used with K) D Cutter Comp. number
(Enter cutter size into offset display register number)

L Loop count for repeating


deeper cuts

F Feedrate in inch (mm) per min

EXAMPLE: G13 ONE PASS "I" ONLY


O01041 N1 (D01 DIA. OFFSET IS .500) N2 T1 M06 (1/2 DIA. 2 FLT END MILL) N3 G90 G54 G00 X2.5 Y2.5 (position to X Y center of circular pocket) N4 M03 S2600 N5 G43 H01 Z0.1 M08 N6 G13 Z-0.5 I0.5 D01 F15. (1.0 Dia. x .5 deep circular pocket 1 pass) N7 G00 Z1. M09 N8 G28 G91 Y0 Z0 N9 M30

EXAMPLE: G13 MULTIPLE PASSES I, K&Q


O01042 N1 (D01 DIA. OFFSET IS .500) N2 T1 M06 (1/2 dia. 2 FLT end mill) N3 G90 G54 G00 X2.5 Y2.5 (X Y center location of circular pocket) N4 S2600 M03 N5 G43 H01 Z0.1 M08 N6 G13 Z-0.5 I0.3 K1.5 Q0.3 D01 F15 (3.0 Dia. x .5 dp circular pocket) N7 G00 Z1. M09 N8 G28 G91 Y0 Z0 N9 M30

G18 ZX CIRCULAR PLANE SELECTION


The G18 code is used to select the ZX plane for circular motion. In the XZ plane (G18), circular motion is defined as clockwise for the operator looking from the rear of the machine out toward the control panel

Pattern defined by Angle


02704 (ANGULAR ROW) N1 G20;

N2 G17 G40 G80;


N3 G90 G54 G00 X2.0 Y2.0 S900 M03; N4 G43 Z1.0 H01 M08; N5 G99 G81 R0.1 Z-0.163 F3.0;

N6 G91 X3.8637 Y1.0353 L6;


N7 G80 M09; N8 G28 Z0 M05; N9 G28 X0 Y0;
No relationship between program and diagram It is just a model

N10 M30;

Thanks

M.Ganesh Murugan

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