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Straight Line Equation

The document provides information about straight line equations, including: - It defines the gradient of a straight line as the change in vertical height over the change in horizontal distance - It shows how to calculate the gradient between two points using the gradient formula - It explains that the equation of a straight line is y = mx + c, where m is the gradient and c is the y-intercept - It gives examples of finding the equation of a straight line given its gradient and y-intercept, or given two points on the line

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213 views20 pages

Straight Line Equation

The document provides information about straight line equations, including: - It defines the gradient of a straight line as the change in vertical height over the change in horizontal distance - It shows how to calculate the gradient between two points using the gradient formula - It explains that the equation of a straight line is y = mx + c, where m is the gradient and c is the y-intercept - It gives examples of finding the equation of a straight line given its gradient and y-intercept, or given two points on the line

Uploaded by

GB R
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Straight Line Equation.

y y

y = -2x + 3 x x

3 y x2 2

The Video Shop.


You join a video shop for a membership fee of 3 and then charges 2 for each video you hire: Complete the table below for the cost of hiring different numbers of videos.

No of videos Cost of Videos()

0 3

1 5

2 7

3 9

4 11

5 13

6 15

Now draw a graph of the table above.

Cost 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Graph of videos hired against cost.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

No of Videos

Cost 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Now consider the structure of the graph. The graph cuts the y axis at (0,3) because it cost 3 to join the video shop before you hired any videos. For every square that you move to the right you go two squares up because the cost of each video is 2.

No of Videos

Finding A Formula.
Look at the table of values for the video hire once again: V C 0 3 1 5 2 7 3 9 4 11 5 13 6 15

Find a formula for the cost of videos (C) given the number of videos (V) :

C = 2V + 3
From the graph we saw that : This was the place were the graph cut the y axis. This is called the y axis intercept.

This was the number of squares you went up for each one you went along.This is called the gradient of the line.

Now repeat the question again for a video shop charging 5 to join and 3 for each video hired.Start by completing the table below. No of videos Cost of Videos() 0 5 1 2 3 4 5 6

Answer the questions below: Where does the graph cut the y axis ? (0, 5)

What is the gradient of the line:


Gradient = 3

The full graph is shown on the next slide:

Cost 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

C = 3V + 5
Is the equation of the line. Gradient of 3.

Y axis intercept (0,5)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

No of Videos

More About The Gradient.


The gradient (m) of a straight line is defined to be:

change in vertical height. m change in horizontal distance.

Change in vertical height.

Change in horizontal distance.


We are going to use this definition to calculate the gradient of various straight lines:

Find the gradients of the straight lines below: (1) 4 3 m= 4 3 4 (3) 7

(2) m= 7 4

4
m= 4 4 4

change in vertical height. change in horizontal distance.

m=1

(5)

(6)
8

6 8 4 m= 6 = 3

m= 9 =3 3

Negative Gradient
Consider the straight lines shown below:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Can you split the lines into two groups based on their gradients ?

Lines (a) (c) and (d) slope upwards from left to right.
Lines (b) and (e) slope downwards from left to right.

Positive gradient Negative gradient

Calculate the gradients of the lines below: (1) -4 (2)

-8
5

4 m 5
6

8 4 m 6 3

The Equation Of A Straight Line.


To find the equation of any straight line we require to know two things: (a) The gradient of the line. m = gradient. (b) The y axis intercept of the line. c = y axis intercept. The equation of a straight line is : y = m x + c Examples.

Give the gradient and the y axis intercept for each of the following lines.
(1) y = 6x + 5 m=6 c=5 (2) y = 4x + 2 m=4 c=2 (3) y = x - 3 m=1 c=-3

Finding The Equation.


Find the equation of the straight lines below: y y (1) (2)

x What is the gradient ? m = 1 What is the y axis intercept? Now use y = m x + c c=2
m 1 2

c=1
1 y x 1 2

y=x+2

(3)

(4) y

m = -2 c=3 y = -2x + 3

3 m 2
c = -2

3 y x2 2

(5)

(6) y

2 m 3
c=2
2 y x2 3

4 m 3
c=6

4 y x6 3

The Gradient Formula.


The Gradient Formula. Look at the diagram below: y2 y2-y1 y1 x2-x1 x1 x2 Change in vertical height: y2 y1 It shows a straight line passing through the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2). We must calculate the gradient of the line using the triangle shown:

Change in horizontal distance:


x2-x1

y 2 y1 Gradient of line: m x 2 x1

Calculate the gradient of the line through the points below: (1) A(4,6) and B( 10,12) Solution: (2) C(-4,8) and D(6,-10) Solution:

Write down the gradient formula:

y 2 y1 Gradient of line: m x 2 x1
Substitute in your values:

y 2 y1 m x 2 x1
m 8 - (-10) -4-6

12 6 10 4

18 m - 10
9 m 5

Calculate and simplify:

6 m 1 6

Straight Line From Two Points.


Find the equation of the straight line passing through (4,6) and (8,12) Solution: Find the gradient of the line: Now substitute one of the points into y = m x + c to find c. Sub (4,6) into y = 3x +c : 6 = 3 x 4 +c c + 12 = 6 c= -6

y 2 y1 m x 2 x1
12 6 6 m 3 84 2

Substitute gradient into y = m x + c. y=3x+c

Now write down the equation of the straight line:


y = 3x - 6

Find the equation of a straight line passing through C(6,-7) and D(-12,9) Solution. Calculate the gradient: Now substitute one of the points into y = m x + c to find c.

y 2 y1 m x 2 x1
m 9 ( 7) 16 8 12 6 6 3

Sub (6,-7) into equation:

8 -7 6c 3

- 21 8 6 3c
3c -21- 48 -69
c = -23
Equation of the straight line:

Substitute gradient into y = m x + c.

8 y xc 3

8 y x 23 3

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