Introduction to KPIs for UMTS
For more detailed information see T035 course.
Revision of protocol stack
Relay
MM/SM
Relay
Relay
MM/SM
RRC
NBAP
RRC RLC
NBAP
RANAP SCCP MTP3-b
GTP-C
RANAP SCCP MTP3-b SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5
GTP-C
RLC MAC
Physical Channels Physical Channels SSCF-UNI SSCOP AAL2
MAC
SSCF-UNI SSCOP AAL2
SSCF-NNI SSCOP
UDP
IP
AAL5
AAL5
W-CDMA
W-CDMA
ATM
ATM RNC
ATM SGSN
UE
Node B
KPIs for UMTS
RRC Connection Number of RRC connection requests
Number of RRC connection set up
Number of successful RRC connection establishments Number of RRC failures Number of release requests on Iu per cause
RNC
U
E
RRC Connection request-TM
Just some of many counters
RRC Connection Set up-UM RRC Connection Set up Complete-AM
RRC establishment Cause Originating Conversational Call Originating Streaming Originating Interactive Originating Background Terminating Conversational Call Terminating Streaming Terminating Interactive Terminating Background Emergency Call Inter-RAT Cell reselection Registration Detach Originating High Priority Signalling Originating Low PrioritySignalling Terminating High Priority Signalling Terminating Low PrioritySignalling
RRC Connection request
U
E
RNC
UE identity
Cause Protocol error
CHOICE IMSI TMSI + LAI PTMSI + RAI
This message can indicate
message rrcConnectionRequest : initialUE-Identity tmsi-and-LAI : { tmsi '10000111011100001001000101101011'B, lai { plmn-Identity { mcc { whether a protocol error occurred.
234
mnc { 20 lac '0000010010110000'B establishmentCause originatingHighPrioritySignalling, protocolErrorIndicator noError
1.RRC Connection Set up message
Uplink Power control Information Up Link Scrambling
Code
Long 016,777,215 1.max 6 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256
Power Control Algorithm 1 OR 2 TPC step size Power offsets from
pilot
Number DPDCH
Spreading Factor
Size of CRC Beta Parameters Transport /Logical
channel/ Physical Number
Information the UE requires from the Network (NOT A
COMPLETE LIST)
RNC
KPIs for UMTS
NBAP Radio Link Management Successful NBAP radio link setups
Number of failed NBAP radio-link setups
Number of successful NBAP radio link deletions Number of failed NBAP radio link deletions Just some of many NBAP counters
The Node B Application Part (NBAP)
Node B
FPs ALCAP NBAP NBAP
RNC
ALCAP FPs
The NBAP protocol is transmitted
over the Iub interface on its own PVC AAL5 on ATM.
AAL2
AAL5
AAL5
AAL5
AAL5
AAL2
The NBAP procedures can be split
into two types, common and dedicated. The common procedures are not related to a particular UE, where the dedicated procedures are related to a specific UE context.
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
PVC PVC SVC
Common Functions of NBAP include: Common transport channel
establishment, reconfiguration and removal.
Dedicated functions of NBAP include: Dedicated transport channel establishment, reconfiguration and removal. Downlink power control. Measurement handling of dedicated radio channels. Some control of compressed mode operations
Logical Operation and Maintenance
resource control.
Measurement handling of Common
Channels.
NEW NODE B-must have SC
etc
RNC
NBAP:UL initiating Message Id: audit required NBAP DL initiating message id audit start
With the Cell update
message, the RNC assigns:
Primary SC
NBAP UL successful outcome id audit end of audit(local cell
id)
Common channels Primary Synchronization
Channel
NBAP DL initiating Id cell set up Cell id = a Primary SC, Common Channels For each cell NBAP UL successful Outcome NBAP:DL initiating Message
id SIB update
Secondary synchronization
channel
Common Pilot channel Common Control Physical
channel (CCPCH) that carriers the broadcast channel
NBAP UL successful Outcome SIB update
UE
Node
B
RNC
RRC Connection Request NBAP Radio link setup request Minimum and Maximum DL power Power offsets PO1, PO2, PO3 TPC Step Sizes: 0.5,1,1.5, 2dB R N C NBAP
Step size Power adjustment is
contained in the RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST (NBAP). It cannot be reconfigured during connection.
Values are:
O.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 dB offsets
Downlink DPCCH power With the DL DPCCH are
the TFCI, Pilot and TPC. These can be transmitted at different power levels.
KPI-Number of failed NBAP radio-link setups- Major problem
PO1: TFCI PO2: TPC PO3: Pilot bits
ALL KPIs
UE
RRC
Node B
1. RACH: CCCH: RRC CONNECTION REQUEST <TM>
RNC
RRC 2. RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
NBAP Start RX NBAP ALCAP ALCAP DCH-FP DCH-FP Start TX 8. FACH: CCCH: RRC CONNECTION SETUP <UM>
NBAP
3. RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE 4. ESTABLISH REQUEST (AAL2) 5. ESTABLISH CONFIRM (AAL2) 6. DOWNLINK SYNCHRONISATION 7. UPLINK SYNCHRONISATION
NBAP ALCAP ALCAP DCH-FP DCH-FP
RRC 9. INSYNCH IND
RRC
L1
L1 NBAP 10. RADIO LINK RESTORE INDICATION NBAP
RRC
11. DCCH: RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE <AM>
RRC
KPIs for UMTS
Node B Radio Wideband received power Transmitted carrier power
Just some of many counters
Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP)
If RTWP(dBM) < Max UP
Interference level
RRC is accepted Max Up Inter= -112 to -50 step 0.1
NBAP - Received Total Wideband Power
R N C
CCCH/RACH Connection Request
UL RTWP
Received total wideband power, including nose generated in the receiver. This measurement is used to filter RRC CONNECTION REQUESTS. If the RNC is going to accept message or not.
The overall UL interference received in a cell is evaluated with the UL RTWP with is measured by the node B and reported to the RNC through NBAP common measurement.
On the RACH reception, before allocating SRB, the RNC compares the RTWP with the maximum UL interference level parameter to decide whether to accept the RRC connection OR not.
Parameter Max UPLINK Interference
Range -112 ..50 (Step 0.1)
default -50
KPIs for UMTS
RNSAP Radio Link Management Number of successful RNSAP radio link set up Number of failed RNSAP radio link setups
Node B
Iub
Node B
RNC
Iu-CS
MSC/VLR
Node B
Iur
Node B
Gs
HLR
Just some of many RNAP counters
Uu
Node B
RNC
Iu-PS
SGSN
Gr
Node B
Gn
GGSN UE
The Radio Network Subsystem Application Part (RNSAP) The RNSAP protocol is mainly used for: Basic mobility procedures used in soft handover and relocation. Carrying RRC messages, bridging the gap between SRNC and CRNC. Establishment and release of dedicated channels between RNCs, as well as reconfiguration of
existing channels.
KPIs for UMTS
RRC Radio Link management Number of successful RRC active set updates per cell Number of successful RRC active set updates per RNC Number of failed RRC active set updates per cell Number of failed RRC active set updates per RNC Active set size Number of RRC state transitions from Cell_FACH to cell_DCH Number of RRC state transitions from Cell_DCH to cell_FACH Number of calls in cell_FACH state
Just some of many counters
KPIs for UMTS
RAB Management
Number of successful radio bearer establishments per cell Number of successful radio bearer establishments per RNC Number of refused radio bearer establishments per cell
Number of refused radio bearer establishments per RNC
Number of successful RAB releases Number of failed RAB releases Number of RAB failures due to UE capabilites Just some of many counters
KPIs for UMTS
Quality of service Number of successful downsizing per cell Number of successful downsizing per RNC
Number of successful up sizing per cell
Number of successful up sizing per RNC
Just some of many counters
Dedicated Channels DCH Uplink Downlink Fast Power Control Soft Handover Suited for Both FACH DL
Common Channels
Shared Channels
RACH UL
CPCH UL
DSCH DL
USCH UP TDD only
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Medium or Large Data amounts
Small
Small
Small or Medium
Medium or large
Medium or large
Suited for bursty data
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
CELL_FACH state
UL or DL traffic
Cell_DCH
Threshold
Cell_FACH
Downsizing
timer
Upsizing
CELL_FACH state
Release
Shared Connection
Idle
mode
Establish shared
connection
Remove
token
Add token CELL_DCH AO
upsize
AO
downsize
CELL_FACH
KPIs for UMTS
Quality of service Number of free downlink channelization codes
Percentage of time a cell is congested
Percentage of time a cell is congested due to OVSF codes Percentage of time a cell is congested due to power Number of RAB assignments rejected for high priority users
Just some of many counters
KPIs for UMTS
Hard Handover Number of 3G to 2G handover requests per cell Number of 3G to 2G handover requests per RNC Number of failures
Just some of many counters
UMTS FDD Neighbour types
Intra-Frequency: UMTS to UMTS- Same Carrier Inter-Frequency: UMTS to UMTS- Between Carriers Inter-Mode: UMTS to UMTS- Between FDD and TDD Modes IRAT: UMTS to GSM
IRAT: GSM to UMTS
Hard Handover
During an HHO the used radio frequency of UE changes Break before make handover Not seamless UE stops transmission on one frequency before it moves to another frequency
CAN Make it more seamless
Use of compressed mode if: Both frequencies use overlapping compressed mode gaps and switch is done during gap-seamless
Eb/No
Eb/No Cell 1
Decision to HO to GSM
Eb/No Cell 2
Threshold
-20dB
Decision to HO to GSM
Threshold
Counter
Node B
Iub
R N C
Iu-CS
3G MSC
MAP
HLR
SS7 Network
BTS
BSC A-bis
2G MSC
Intersystem reporting events: 3A the estimated quality of the current used UTRAN frequency is below a certain threshold and and the estimated quality of the other system is above a certain threshold 3B - The estimated quality of the other system is below a certain threshold 3C The estimated quality of the other system is above a certain threshold
3D Change to best cell in other system
10ms
10ms
10ms
Extra Power needed for compressed mode
Normal Frame
Gap
Normal Frame
Compressed Frame
Same amount of data is transmitted in a shorter time. 10log10(15 slot/7 slot gap) = 2.7dB With 7 slot gap in 15 slot frame
KPIs for UMTS
Power Management Cell power used for speech calls Cell power used for data calls Cell power used for signalling
Cell power used for miscellaneous
TX power
Just some of many counters
Initial DL traffic channel power
Power
for SHO
When a traffic channel is setup it is done at a certain DL power.
Common Channel Power
Power = DL CPICH power + Ec/No target UE received CPICH pilot Example = 33 + ( -13) (- 10)
Maximum Power
Call
Admission
Power
Power for Data Power for
speech
Power For
signalling
= +30dB
= 33 + ( -13) - (-15) = +35dB
Power
for Overhead
KPIs
If one speech circuit is configured for 3dbm of power. How much power in dBm will 100 connections take in dBm?
KPIs for UMTS
Quality of service Number of successful IRM scheduling downgrades per cell
Number of failed IRM scheduling downgrades per cell
Just some of many counters
KPIs for UMTS
IRM scheduling The principle of IRM scheduling is that when experiencing power shortage: When the UE leaves the centre of the cell and reaches the cell edge it is a way to AVOID a DROP CALL.
Reducing power by reducing user bit
rate and increasing process gain.
Process gain = 10 log 384000/User bit rate
KPIs for UMTS
IRM scheduling The bearer downgrade maybe triggered by observing the BLER. When this exceeds a threshold, bad radio conditions are detected. If these radio conditions remain bad during a period of time, bearer fallback is triggered.
RNC Checks BLER
IRM scheduling
KPIs for UMTS
BLER
Target
Is based on detection of bad radio conditions due to layer 1. BLER increase for a period of time. The RNC reduces the Transport Format Combination set so limits the user bit rate.
Good radio conditions
SHO
384kbps
User rate
reduction
384kbps
KPIs for UMTS
Radio Measurements Uplink RSSI
CPICH Ec/No measurements
Compressed mode configuration success Compressed mode configuration failure
Just some of many counters
KPIs for UMTS
Node B ATM Number of received cells (AAL2) Number of lost packets(AAL2) Number of error AAL2 packets Number of invalid CID(AAL2) Number of received cells (AAL5) Number of lost packets(AAL5) Node B PCM Loss of incoming signal Alarm indication signal
Question?
If you are receiving an AIS alarm. What is the
problem?
Number of error AAL5 packets
Loss of cell delineation
What other KPIs will show? If you had a loss of signal in one
direction. What KPI will be set in the other?
Just some of many counters
KPIs for UMTS
Node B ATM
If you had the following KPIs.
Number of error AAL2 packets Number of invalid CID(AAL2) Number of lost packets(AAL5) Number of error AAL5 packets
Give a list of problems?
Node B ATM
KPIs for UMTS
LCD- loss of
Loss of cell delineation Major problem Cannot decode the HEC field- Result cannot find any ATM cell
Node B
48 Octet Payload
Iub
speech
5 Octet
Header
48 Octet Payload
5 Octet
Header
5 Octet
Header
48 Octet Payload
R N C
Iu-CS
Iu-PS
LCD- loss of
data and speech
5 Octet
Header
48 Octet Payload
LCD loss all
data
KPIs for UMTS
There are a number of KPIs regarding
Node B IMA:
IMA group unavailable seconds IMA group near end failures IMA link violations etc You require a good understanding of ATM
and SDH to understand these. Covered on the T035 course.
STM-1/4/16 PLMN may not
own this network
Iub (E1)
RNC
ATM ROUTER IMA Group
NODE B
AAL 2
5 Octet
Header
SDU
48 Octet
Payload
SDU
Why do we use AAL2 connections? Packet Fill Delay If the size of the mini packets is set to 12 bytes
Mini Cell Header
what will be the PFD for:
HEC UUI LI CID
5 5 6 8
What the function of
HEC
12kbps service 4.7kbps
KPIs for UMTS
Node B RACH RACH negative acknowledgements Number of accepted RACH
Just some of many counters
Transport Channels
Spreading/Modulation
RACH
CPCH
BCH
PCH
FACH
DSCH
DCH
PICH AICH DPCCH DPDCH PDSCH S-CCPCH P-CCPCH PCPCH PRACH P-SCH
Access preambles are sent using increasing power levels until a
matching response is received or the max number of preambles have been sent
S-SCH CPICH AP-AICH CD/CA-ICH
Physical Channels
SIB5
accessServiceClass-FDD availableSignatureEndIndex 15 assignedSubChannelNumber '1111'B
primaryCPICH-TX-Power 33, prach-PowerOffset {
preambleSignature Defines a set of allowed
signatures of the PRACH preamble part.
powerRampStep 2,
preambleRetransMax 64
Spreading/Modulation
RACH
CPCH
BCH
PCH
FACH
DSCH
DCH
PICH AICH DPCCH DPDCH PDSCH S-CCPCH P-CCPCH PCPCH PRACH P-SCH
rachSubChannels Defines the set of access slots on which the mobiles
are authorised to transmit their access on the PRACH.
S-SCH CPICH AP-AICH CD/CA-ICH
Physical Channels
KPIs for UMTS
Mobility Management Number of cell updates Number of cell update failures Number of failed RRC security mode command procedures Number of failed RANAP security mode command procedures
Just some of many counters
Without the Gs
SGSN
1. GPRS ATTACH REQUEST
(PTMSI/IMSI, Classmark, old RAI)
HLR
AUTHENTICATION
AUTHENTICATION
MSC
1. GMS ATTACH REQUEST
(PTMSI/IMSI, Classmark, old RAI)
HLR
AUTHENTICATION
AUTHENTICATION
With the Gs
SGSN
1. GPRS ATTACH REQUEST
(PTMSI/IMSI, Classmark, old RAI)
HLR
GS Interface
AUTHENTICATION
AUTHENTICATION
MSC
HLR
Network Operation Modes
Network Operation Mode GSM/GPRS Attach
Combined functions GSM (IMSI) Attach performed via GPRS Attach
RA/LA Updating
Combined functions GSM (LA) update performed via the RA Update
MS Paging
Co-ordinated Paging for GSM and GPRS on CCCH (PCH) or PPCH
Not Combined GSM (IMSI) Attach performed. GPRS Attach also performed Not Combined GSM (IMSI) Attach performed. GPRS Attach also performed
Not Combined GSM (LA) update via A-Interface GPRS (RA) update via Gb-Interface Not Combined GSM (LA) update via A-Interface GPRS (RA) update via Gb-Interface
Not Co-ordinated Paging for GSM on CCCH (PCH) Paging for GPRS on CCCH (PCH) Not Co-ordinated Paging for GSM on CCCH (PCH) Paging for GPRS on PPCH
Authentication
AUC/HLR SGSN MS
A3 Ki
SRES
(Signed response)
SRES value Returned to The SGSN
RAND
RAND
SRES=SRES Access Allowed
SRES=SRES Access Barred
A8
Authentication Key (Ki) (128 bits) stored in HLR/SIM
Kc
(Cipher Key)
THE END
