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Introduction To UNIX: Unix Features Benefits File Structure Basic Commands Vi Editor

UNIX is a multi-user, multitasking operating system with built-in networking functions - a multitasking system lets one user execute more than one program at a time. It is also a portable operating system - portability means it can be used in a variety of computing environments.

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Pankaj Tripathi
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72 views14 pages

Introduction To UNIX: Unix Features Benefits File Structure Basic Commands Vi Editor

UNIX is a multi-user, multitasking operating system with built-in networking functions - a multitasking system lets one user execute more than one program at a time. It is also a portable operating system - portability means it can be used in a variety of computing environments.

Uploaded by

Pankaj Tripathi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to UNIX

UNIX Features Benefits File structure Basic commands Vi editor

UNIX Operating System


UNIX is a multi-user, multitasking operating system with built-in networking functions
multi-user system, which lets many people simultaneously access and share the resources of a server computer A multitasking system lets one user execute more than one program at a time

UNIX is also a portable operating system


portability means it can be used in a variety of computing environments

Features of UNIX
1. The file and Process 2. Multi-user 3. Multi-tasking 4. Pattern Matching 5. Programming Facility 6. Communication System 7. Security 8. File Encryption/Decryption 9. Portability

Benefits of UNIX
1. Independence 2. Remote Execution and administration 3. Cost 4. Ease of setup 5. No Viruses 6. Great Editor 7. Distributed Processing and Multi-tasking 8. Portability 9. Reliable 10.Security

Layers of a UNIX System

UNIX Shells
kernel: base operating system, interacts directly with the hardware and services the user programs
only accessible through kernel mode, which is reserved for the system administrator

Shell: interface between the user and the operating system


UNIX shells: Bourne shell, Korn shell, C shell .

UNIX File System


UNIX is case-sensitive, most UNIX commands in lowercase A file is the basic component for data storage UNIX considers everything as a file, even devices A directory can contain other files and directories
subdirectory is the child of the parent directory

The tree-like structure for UNIX file systems starts at the root level
Root is the file at this level, denoted by character /

Typical UNIX Directory


/ bin cat date who dsk foq18dt dev rdsk etc kumar home sharma progs lib stand tmp bin sbin usr include var

Login.sql safe

Subdirectories of the Root File System


/usr: most operating system files and programs /home: space for all users work
user owns and can access most files in his home directory can grant or deny access to files

/bin: binaries, or executables /lib: shared library images /dev: device drivers /mnt points for temporary mounts.
Subdirectories /mnt/cdrom /mnt/floppy

/tmp temporary place


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Paths and Pathnames


To specify a file/directory, use its pathname, which follows the branches of the file system to the desired file pwd: display your current path (pwd: print working directory) Absolute path begins at the root level and lists all subdirectories to the destination file Relative path to begin at your current working directory and proceed from there
cd . cd .. current directory to parent directory

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Basic commands
ls (list) command: directorys contents (files and subdirectories) ls l: in detail ls a: hidden files also

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Vi Editor
There are three editors available in almost all versions of Unix: 1) ed 2) ex 3) vi

The ed program is the original editor that has been a part of Unix since the very beginning. The ed program is basically a line editor, which means that ed assigns line numbers to the lines in the file. Every time you do something, you must tell ed which line or lines to do. An improved version of ed called ex ,understands all the commands of ed. Compared to ed it is a shade better in user-friendliness with more informative error messages. Compared to ed or ex the vi text editor is the best. It is a screen editor rather than a line editor. It was the first full screen editor. It allowed the user to view and edit the entire document at the same time.

Disadvantages of Vi Editor
The user is always kept guessing. There are no self explanatory error messages. The guy who wrote vi didnt believe in help, so there is no online help. (bill joy) There are three modes in Vi editor .Under each mode the same key press creates different effects. (Have to memorized). Vi is case-sensitive.

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